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<Type Name="AppDomain" FullName="System.AppDomain">
<TypeSignature Language="C#" Value="public sealed class AppDomain : MarshalByRefObject" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<TypeSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".class public auto ansi sealed beforefieldinit AppDomain extends System.MarshalByRefObject" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<TypeSignature Language="DocId" Value="T:System.AppDomain" />
<TypeSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public NotInheritable Class AppDomain
Inherits MarshalByRefObject" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<TypeSignature Language="F#" Value="type AppDomain = class
 inherit MarshalByRefObject" />
<TypeSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public ref class AppDomain sealed : MarshalByRefObject" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<TypeSignature Language="C#" Value="public class AppDomain : MarshalByRefObject" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2" />
<TypeSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".class public auto ansi beforefieldinit AppDomain extends System.MarshalByRefObject" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2" />
<TypeSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Class AppDomain
Inherits MarshalByRefObject" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2" />
<TypeSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public ref class AppDomain : MarshalByRefObject" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2" />
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<TypeForwardingChain>
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="10.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Runtime.Extensions" FromVersion="10.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="10.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="11.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-11.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Runtime.Extensions" FromVersion="11.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="11.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-11.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="5.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-5.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Runtime.Extensions" FromVersion="5.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="5.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-5.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="6.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-6.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Runtime.Extensions" FromVersion="6.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="6.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-6.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="7.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-7.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Runtime.Extensions" FromVersion="7.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="7.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-7.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="8.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-8.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Runtime.Extensions" FromVersion="8.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="8.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-8.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="netstandard" FromVersion="2.1.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="9.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-9.0" />
<TypeForwarding From="System.Runtime.Extensions" FromVersion="9.0.0.0" To="System.Runtime" ToVersion="9.0.0.0" FrameworkAlternate="net-9.0" />
</TypeForwardingChain>
<Base>
<BaseTypeName>System.MarshalByRefObject</BaseTypeName>
</Base>
<Interfaces>
</Interfaces>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(0)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(0)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<Docs>
<summary>Represents an application domain, which is an isolated environment where applications execute. This class cannot be inherited.</summary>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
In modern .NET versions, the <xref:System.AppDomain> implementation is limited by design and does not provide isolation, unloading, or security boundaries. These versions have exactly one <xref:System.AppDomain>. Isolation and unloading are provided through <xref:System.Runtime.Loader.AssemblyLoadContext>. Security boundaries should be provided by process boundaries and appropriate remoting techniques.
]]></format>
</remarks>
</Docs>
<Members>
<Member MemberName="AppendPrivatePath">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public void AppendPrivatePath (string? path);" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance void AppendPrivatePath(string path) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.AppDomain.AppendPrivatePath(System.String)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Sub AppendPrivatePath (path As String)" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.AppendPrivatePath : string -> unit" Usage="appDomain.AppendPrivatePath path" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 void AppendPrivatePath(System::String ^ path);" />
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public void AppendPrivatePath (string path);" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Obsolete("AppDomain.AppendPrivatePath has been deprecated and is not supported.")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Obsolete("AppDomain.AppendPrivatePath has been deprecated and is not supported.")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-5.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Obsolete("AppDomain.AppendPrivatePath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.PrivateBinPath instead. https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Obsolete("AppDomain.AppendPrivatePath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.PrivateBinPath instead. https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Obsolete("AppDomain.AppendPrivatePath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.PrivateBinPath instead. http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Obsolete("AppDomain.AppendPrivatePath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.PrivateBinPath instead. http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="path" Type="System.String" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="path">The name of the directory to be appended to the private path.</param>
<summary>Appends the specified directory name to the private path list.</summary>
<remarks>To be added.</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.AppDomainUnloadedException">The operation is attempted on an unloaded application domain.</exception>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="ApplyPolicy">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public string ApplyPolicy (string assemblyName);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance string ApplyPolicy(string assemblyName) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.AppDomain.ApplyPolicy(System.String)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Function ApplyPolicy (assemblyName As String) As String" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.ApplyPolicy : string -> string" Usage="appDomain.ApplyPolicy assemblyName" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 System::String ^ ApplyPolicy(System::String ^ assemblyName);" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.String</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="assemblyName" Type="System.String" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="assemblyName">The assembly display name, in the form provided by the <see cref="P:System.Reflection.Assembly.FullName" /> property.</param>
<summary>Returns the assembly display name after policy has been applied.</summary>
<returns>A string containing the assembly display name after policy has been applied.</returns>
<remarks>To be added.</remarks>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="AssemblyLoad">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public event AssemblyLoadEventHandler? AssemblyLoad;" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".event class System.AssemblyLoadEventHandler AssemblyLoad" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="E:System.AppDomain.AssemblyLoad" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Custom Event AssemblyLoad As AssemblyLoadEventHandler " />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.AssemblyLoad : AssemblyLoadEventHandler " Usage="member this.AssemblyLoad : System.AssemblyLoadEventHandler " />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 event AssemblyLoadEventHandler ^ AssemblyLoad;" />
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public event AssemblyLoadEventHandler AssemblyLoad;" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2" />
<MemberType>Event</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.AssemblyLoadEventHandler</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Docs>
<summary>Occurs when an assembly is loaded.</summary>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><.
## Examples
The following sample demonstrates the <xref:System.AppDomain.AssemblyLoad> event.
For this code example to run, you must provide the fully qualified assembly name. For information about how to obtain the fully qualified assembly name, see [Assembly Names](/dotnet/standard/assembly/names).
:::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/AppDomain_AssemblyLoad/CPP/assemblyload.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/AppDomain/AssemblyLoad/assemblyload.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/AppDomain/AssemblyLoad/assemblyload.fs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System/AppDomain/AssemblyLoad/assemblyload.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="AssemblyResolve">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public event ResolveEventHandler? AssemblyResolve;" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".event class System.ResolveEventHandler AssemblyResolve" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="E:System.AppDomain.AssemblyResolve" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Custom Event AssemblyResolve As ResolveEventHandler " />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.AssemblyResolve : ResolveEventHandler " Usage="member this.AssemblyResolve : System.ResolveEventHandler " />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 event ResolveEventHandler ^ AssemblyResolve;" />
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public event ResolveEventHandler AssemblyResolve;" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2" />
<MemberType>Event</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.ResolveEventHandler</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Docs>
<summary>Occurs when the resolution of an assembly fails.</summary>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><.
The <xref:System.ResolveEventArgs.RequestingAssembly?displayProperty=nameWithType> property returns the assembly that requested the assembly load that could not be resolved. For example, the loader might be unable to load a dependency of the requesting assembly because the requesting assembly and its dependency are not in the probing path. Knowing the identity of the requesting assembly might be useful in locating the dependency or in identifying the correct version, if more than one version of the dependency is available. For more information, see <xref:System.ResolveEventArgs.RequestingAssembly*?displayProperty=nameWithType>.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> The <xref:System.ResolveEventHandler> event is raised for all assemblies, including resource assemblies. If the operating system is localized, the handler might be called multiple times: once for each culture in the fallback chain.
For this event, the <xref:System.ResolveEventArgs.Name?displayProperty=nameWithType> property returns the assembly name before policy is applied.
> [!IMPORTANT]
> If more than one event handler is registered for this event, the event handlers are called in order until an event handler returns a value that isn't `null`. Subsequent event handlers are ignored.
For more information about handling events, see [Handling and Raising Events](/dotnet/standard/events/).
## Examples
The following sample demonstrates the <xref:System.AppDomain.AssemblyResolve> event.
For this code example to run, you must provide the fully qualified assembly name. For information about how to obtain the fully qualified assembly name, see [Assembly Names](/dotnet/standard/assembly/names).
:::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/AssemblyResolve/CPP/assemblyresolve.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/AppDomain/AssemblyResolve/assemblyresolve.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/AppDomain/AssemblyResolve/assemblyresolve.fs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System/AppDomain/AssemblyResolve/assemblyresolve.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
<altmember cref="P:System.ResolveEventArgs.RequestingAssembly" />
<related type="Article" href="/dotnet/standard/assembly/resolve-loads">Resolve assembly loads</related>
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="BaseDirectory">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public string BaseDirectory { get; }" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".property instance string BaseDirectory" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="P:System.AppDomain.BaseDirectory" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public ReadOnly Property BaseDirectory As String" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.BaseDirectory : string" Usage="System.AppDomain.BaseDirectory" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 property System::String ^ BaseDirectory { System::String ^ get(); };" />
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public string? BaseDirectory { get; }" FrameworkAlternate="netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<MemberType>Property</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.String</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Docs>
<summary>Gets the base directory that the assembly resolver uses to probe for assemblies.</summary>
<value>The base directory that the assembly resolver uses to probe for assemblies.</value>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
This property corresponds to the <xref:System.AppDomainSetup.ApplicationBase?displayProperty=nameWithType> property. It can also be retrieved using the <xref:System.AppDomain.GetData*> method with the string "APPBASE".
## Examples
The following code example creates a new application domain, specifying a base directory to use when searching for assemblies to load into the domain. The example then uses the <xref:System.AppDomain.BaseDirectory> property to obtain the base directory path, for display to the console.
:::code language="cpp" source="~/snippets/cpp/VS_Snippets_CLR/ADSetup/CPP/adsetup.cpp" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/AppDomain/BaseDirectory/adsetup.cs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/AppDomain/BaseDirectory/adsetup.fs" id="Snippet1":::
:::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/System/AppDomain/BaseDirectory/adsetup.vb" id="Snippet1":::
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.AppDomainUnloadedException">The operation is attempted on an unloaded application domain.</exception>
<altmember cref="P:System.AppDomainSetup.ApplicationBase" />
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="ClearPrivatePath">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public void ClearPrivatePath ();" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance void ClearPrivatePath() cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.AppDomain.ClearPrivatePath" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Sub ClearPrivatePath ()" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.ClearPrivatePath : unit -> unit" Usage="appDomain.ClearPrivatePath " />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 void ClearPrivatePath();" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearPrivatePath has been deprecated and is not supported.")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearPrivatePath has been deprecated and is not supported.")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-5.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearPrivatePath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.PrivateBinPath instead. https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearPrivatePath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.PrivateBinPath instead. https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearPrivatePath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.PrivateBinPath instead. http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearPrivatePath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.PrivateBinPath instead. http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters />
<Docs>
<summary>Resets the path that specifies the location of private assemblies to the empty string ("").</summary>
<remarks>To be added.</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.AppDomainUnloadedException">The operation is attempted on an unloaded application domain.</exception>
<altmember cref="F:System.String.Empty" />
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="ClearShadowCopyPath">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public void ClearShadowCopyPath ();" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance void ClearShadowCopyPath() cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.AppDomain.ClearShadowCopyPath" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Sub ClearShadowCopyPath ()" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.ClearShadowCopyPath : unit -> unit" Usage="appDomain.ClearShadowCopyPath " />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 void ClearShadowCopyPath();" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearShadowCopyPath has been deprecated and is not supported.")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearShadowCopyPath has been deprecated and is not supported.")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-5.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearShadowCopyPath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.ShadowCopyDirectories instead. https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearShadowCopyPath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.ShadowCopyDirectories instead. https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="netcore-2.0;netcore-2.1;netcore-2.2">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearShadowCopyPath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.ShadowCopyDirectories instead. http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Obsolete("AppDomain.ClearShadowCopyPath has been deprecated. Please investigate the use of AppDomainSetup.ShadowCopyDirectories instead. http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=14202")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Void</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters />
<Docs>
<summary>Resets the list of directories containing shadow copied assemblies to the empty string ("").</summary>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><.
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.AppDomainUnloadedException">The operation is attempted on an unloaded application domain.</exception>
<altmember cref="F:System.String.Empty" />
<related type="Article" href="/dotnet/framework/app-domains/shadow-copy-assemblies">Shadow Copying Assemblies</related>
</Docs>
</Member>
<MemberGroup MemberName="CreateComInstanceFrom">
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Docs>
<summary>Creates a new instance of a specified COM type.</summary>
</Docs>
</MemberGroup>
<MemberGroup MemberName="CreateDomain">
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Docs>
<summary>Creates a new application domain.</summary>
</Docs>
</MemberGroup>
<Member MemberName="CreateDomain">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public static AppDomain CreateDomain (string friendlyName);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public static hidebysig class System.AppDomain CreateDomain(string friendlyName) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.AppDomain.CreateDomain(System.String)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Shared Function CreateDomain (friendlyName As String) As AppDomain" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="static member CreateDomain : string -> AppDomain" Usage="System.AppDomain.CreateDomain friendlyName" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 static AppDomain ^ CreateDomain(System::String ^ friendlyName);" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.1.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Obsolete("Creating and unloading AppDomains is not supported and throws an exception.", DiagnosticId="SYSLIB0024", UrlFormat="https://aka.ms/dotnet-warnings/{0}")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Obsolete("Creating and unloading AppDomains is not supported and throws an exception.", DiagnosticId="SYSLIB0024", UrlFormat="https://aka.ms/dotnet-warnings/{0}")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.AppDomain</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="friendlyName" Type="System.String" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="friendlyName">The friendly name of the domain.</param>
<summary>Creates a new application domain with the specified name.</summary>
<returns>The newly created application domain.</returns>
<remarks>To be added.</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.PlatformNotSupportedException">In all cases.</exception>
<related type="Article" href="/dotnet/core/porting/net-framework-tech-unavailable#application-domains">Unavailable technologies on .NET Core/5+: Application domains</related>
</Docs>
</Member>
<MemberGroup MemberName="CreateInstance">
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Docs>
<summary>Creates a new instance of a specified type defined in a specified assembly.</summary>
</Docs>
</MemberGroup>
<Member MemberName="CreateInstance">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle? CreateInstance (string assemblyName, string typeName);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance class System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle CreateInstance(string assemblyName, string typeName) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.AppDomain.CreateInstance(System.String,System.String)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Function CreateInstance (assemblyName As String, typeName As String) As ObjectHandle" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.CreateInstance : string * string -> System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle" Usage="appDomain.CreateInstance (assemblyName, typeName)" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 System::Runtime::Remoting::ObjectHandle ^ CreateInstance(System::String ^ assemblyName, System::String ^ typeName);" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresUnreferencedCode("Type and its constructor could be removed")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresUnreferencedCode("Type and its constructor could be removed")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle</ReturnType>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="assemblyName" Type="System.String" Index="0" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<Parameter Name="typeName" Type="System.String" Index="1" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="assemblyName">The display name of the assembly. See <see cref="P:System.Reflection.Assembly.FullName" />.</param>
<param name="typeName">The fully qualified name of the requested type, including the namespace but not the assembly, as returned by the <see cref="P:System.Type.FullName" /> property.</param>
<summary>Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly.</summary>
<returns>An object that is a wrapper for the new instance specified by <paramref name="typeName" />. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
This method calls the parameterless constructor for `typeName`.
See <xref:System.Reflection.AssemblyName> for the format of `assemblyName`.
An attempt to call <xref:System.AppDomain.CreateInstance*> on a target application domain that is not the current application domain will result in a successful load of the assembly in the target application domain. Since an <xref:System.Reflection.Assembly> is not <xref:System.MarshalByRefObject>, when this method attempts to return the <xref:System.Reflection.Assembly> for the loaded assembly to the current application domain, the common language runtime will try to load the assembly into the current application domain and the load might fail. The assembly that is loaded into the current application domain might be different from the assembly that was loaded first if the path settings for the two application domains are different.
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.AppDomainUnloadedException">The operation is attempted on an unloaded application domain.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
<paramref name="assemblyName" /> or <paramref name="typeName" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.BadImageFormatException">
<paramref name="assemblyName" /> is not a valid assembly for the currently loaded runtime.
</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.IO.FileLoadException">An assembly or module was loaded twice with two different evidences.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.IO.FileNotFoundException">
<paramref name="assemblyName" /> was not found.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MethodAccessException">The caller does not have permission to call this constructor.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MissingMethodException">No matching public constructor was found.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.TypeLoadException">
<paramref name="typeName" /> was not found in <paramref name="assemblyName" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.NullReferenceException">This instance is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
<altmember cref="M:System.Activator.CreateInstance(System.Type,System.Reflection.BindingFlags,System.Reflection.Binder,System.Object[],System.Globalization.CultureInfo)" />
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="CreateInstance">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle? CreateInstance (string assemblyName, string typeName, object?[]? activationAttributes);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance class System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle CreateInstance(string assemblyName, string typeName, object[] activationAttributes) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.AppDomain.CreateInstance(System.String,System.String,System.Object[])" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Function CreateInstance (assemblyName As String, typeName As String, activationAttributes As Object()) As ObjectHandle" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.CreateInstance : string * string * obj[] -> System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle" Usage="appDomain.CreateInstance (assemblyName, typeName, activationAttributes)" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 System::Runtime::Remoting::ObjectHandle ^ CreateInstance(System::String ^ assemblyName, System::String ^ typeName, cli::array <System::Object ^> ^ activationAttributes);" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresUnreferencedCode("Type and its constructor could be removed")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresUnreferencedCode("Type and its constructor could be removed")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle</ReturnType>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="assemblyName" Type="System.String" Index="0" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<Parameter Name="typeName" Type="System.String" Index="1" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<Parameter Name="activationAttributes" Type="System.Object[]" Index="2" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1">
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
</Parameter>
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="assemblyName">The display name of the assembly. See <see cref="P:System.Reflection.Assembly.FullName" />.</param>
<param name="typeName">The fully qualified name of the requested type, including the namespace but not the assembly, as returned by the <see cref="P:System.Type.FullName" /> property.</param>
<param name="activationAttributes">An array of one or more attributes that can participate in activation. Typically, an array that contains a single <see cref="T:System.Runtime.Remoting.Activation.UrlAttribute" /> object that specifies the URL that is required to activate a remote object.
This parameter is related to client-activated objects.Client activation is a legacy technology that is retained for backward compatibility but is not recommended for new development. Distributed applications should instead use Windows Communication Foundation.</param>
<summary>Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly. A parameter specifies an array of activation attributes.</summary>
<returns>An object that is a wrapper for the new instance specified by <paramref name="typeName" />. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
This method calls the parameterless constructor for `typeName`.
See <xref:System.Reflection.AssemblyName> for the format of `assemblyName`.
An attempt to call <xref:System.AppDomain.CreateInstance*> on a target application domain that is not the current application domain will result in a successful load of the assembly in the target application domain. Since an <xref:System.Reflection.Assembly> is not <xref:System.MarshalByRefObject>, when this method attempts to return the <xref:System.Reflection.Assembly> for the loaded assembly to the current application domain, the common language runtime will try to load the assembly into the current application domain and the load might fail. The assembly that is loaded into the current application domain might be different from the assembly that was loaded first if the path settings for the two application domains are different.
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.AppDomainUnloadedException">The operation is attempted on an unloaded application domain.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
<paramref name="assemblyName" /> or <paramref name="typeName" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.BadImageFormatException">
<paramref name="assemblyName" /> is not a valid assembly for the currently loaded runtime.
</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.IO.FileLoadException">An assembly or module was loaded twice with two different evidences.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.IO.FileNotFoundException">
<paramref name="assemblyName" /> was not found.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MethodAccessException">The caller does not have permission to call this constructor.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MissingMethodException">No matching public constructor was found.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">The caller cannot provide activation attributes for an object that does not inherit from <see cref="T:System.MarshalByRefObject" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.TypeLoadException">
<paramref name="typeName" /> was not found in <paramref name="assemblyName" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.NullReferenceException">This instance is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
<altmember cref="M:System.Activator.CreateInstance(System.Type,System.Reflection.BindingFlags,System.Reflection.Binder,System.Object[],System.Globalization.CultureInfo)" />
</Docs>
</Member>
<Member MemberName="CreateInstance">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle? CreateInstance (string assemblyName, string typeName, bool ignoreCase, System.Reflection.BindingFlags bindingAttr, System.Reflection.Binder? binder, object?[]? args, System.Globalization.CultureInfo? culture, object?[]? activationAttributes);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance class System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle CreateInstance(string assemblyName, string typeName, bool ignoreCase, valuetype System.Reflection.BindingFlags bindingAttr, class System.Reflection.Binder binder, object[] args, class System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture, object[] activationAttributes) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.AppDomain.CreateInstance(System.String,System.String,System.Boolean,System.Reflection.BindingFlags,System.Reflection.Binder,System.Object[],System.Globalization.CultureInfo,System.Object[])" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Function CreateInstance (assemblyName As String, typeName As String, ignoreCase As Boolean, bindingAttr As BindingFlags, binder As Binder, args As Object(), culture As CultureInfo, activationAttributes As Object()) As ObjectHandle" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.CreateInstance : string * string * bool * System.Reflection.BindingFlags * System.Reflection.Binder * obj[] * System.Globalization.CultureInfo * obj[] -> System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle" Usage="appDomain.CreateInstance (assemblyName, typeName, ignoreCase, bindingAttr, binder, args, culture, activationAttributes)" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 System::Runtime::Remoting::ObjectHandle ^ CreateInstance(System::String ^ assemblyName, System::String ^ typeName, bool ignoreCase, System::Reflection::BindingFlags bindingAttr, System::Reflection::Binder ^ binder, cli::array <System::Object ^> ^ args, System::Globalization::CultureInfo ^ culture, cli::array <System::Object ^> ^ activationAttributes);" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresUnreferencedCode("Type and its constructor could be removed")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresUnreferencedCode("Type and its constructor could be removed")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle</ReturnType>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="assemblyName" Type="System.String" Index="0" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1">
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(1)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(1)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
</Parameter>
<Parameter Name="typeName" Type="System.String" Index="1" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1">
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(1)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(1)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
</Parameter>
<Parameter Name="ignoreCase" Type="System.Boolean" Index="2" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<Parameter Name="bindingAttr" Type="System.Reflection.BindingFlags" Index="3" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<Parameter Name="binder" Type="System.Reflection.Binder" Index="4" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<Parameter Name="args" Type="System.Object[]" Index="5" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<Parameter Name="culture" Type="System.Globalization.CultureInfo" Index="6" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<Parameter Name="activationAttributes" Type="System.Object[]" Index="7" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="assemblyName">The display name of the assembly. See <see cref="P:System.Reflection.Assembly.FullName" />.</param>
<param name="typeName">The fully qualified name of the requested type, including the namespace but not the assembly, as returned by the <see cref="P:System.Type.FullName" /> property.</param>
<param name="ignoreCase">A Boolean value specifying whether to perform a case-sensitive search or not.</param>
<param name="bindingAttr">A combination of zero or more bit flags that affect the search for the <paramref name="typeName" /> constructor. If <paramref name="bindingAttr" /> is zero, a case-sensitive search for public constructors is conducted.</param>
<param name="binder">An object that enables the binding, coercion of argument types, invocation of members, and retrieval of <see cref="T:System.Reflection.MemberInfo" /> objects using reflection. If <paramref name="binder" /> is null, the default binder is used.</param>
<param name="args">The arguments to pass to the constructor. This array of arguments must match in number, order, and type the parameters of the constructor to invoke. If the parameterless constructor is preferred, <paramref name="args" /> must be an empty array or null.</param>
<param name="culture">Culture-specific information that governs the coercion of <paramref name="args" /> to the formal types declared for the <paramref name="typeName" /> constructor. If <paramref name="culture" /> is <see langword="null" />, the <see cref="T:System.Globalization.CultureInfo" /> for the current thread is used.</param>
<param name="activationAttributes">An array of one or more attributes that can participate in activation. Typically, an array that contains a single <see cref="T:System.Runtime.Remoting.Activation.UrlAttribute" /> object that specifies the URL that is required to activate a remote object.
This parameter is related to client-activated objects. Client activation is a legacy technology that is retained for backward compatibility but is not recommended for new development. Distributed applications should instead use Windows Communication Foundation.</param>
<summary>Creates a new instance of the specified type defined in the specified assembly. Parameters specify a binder, binding flags, constructor arguments, culture-specific information used to interpret arguments, and optional activation attributes.</summary>
<returns>An object that is a wrapper for the new instance specified by <paramref name="typeName" />. The return value needs to be unwrapped to access the real object.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
See <xref:System.Reflection.AssemblyName> for the format of `assemblyName`.
An attempt to call <xref:System.AppDomain.CreateInstance*> on a target application domain that is not the current application domain will result in a successful load of the assembly in the target application domain. Since an <xref:System.Reflection.Assembly> is not <xref:System.MarshalByRefObject>, when this method attempts to return the <xref:System.Reflection.Assembly> for the loaded assembly to the current application domain, the common language runtime will try to load the assembly into the current application domain and the load might fail. The assembly that is loaded into the current application domain might be different from the assembly that was loaded first if the path settings for the two application domains are different.
]]></format>
</remarks>
<exception cref="T:System.AppDomainUnloadedException">The operation is attempted on an unloaded application domain.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.ArgumentNullException">
<paramref name="assemblyName" /> or <paramref name="typeName" /> is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.BadImageFormatException">
<paramref name="assemblyName" /> is not a valid assembly for the currently loaded runtime.
</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.IO.FileLoadException">An assembly or module was loaded twice with two different evidences.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.IO.FileNotFoundException">
<paramref name="assemblyName" /> was not found.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MethodAccessException">The caller does not have permission to call this constructor.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.MissingMethodException">No matching constructor was found.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.NotSupportedException">The caller cannot provide activation attributes for an object that does not inherit from <see cref="T:System.MarshalByRefObject" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.TypeLoadException">
<paramref name="typeName" /> was not found in <paramref name="assemblyName" />.</exception>
<exception cref="T:System.NullReferenceException">This instance is <see langword="null" />.</exception>
<altmember cref="M:System.Activator.CreateInstance(System.Type,System.Reflection.BindingFlags,System.Reflection.Binder,System.Object[],System.Globalization.CultureInfo)" />
</Docs>
</Member>
<MemberGroup MemberName="CreateInstanceAndUnwrap">
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Docs>
<summary>Creates a new instance of a specified type.</summary>
</Docs>
</MemberGroup>
<Member MemberName="CreateInstanceAndUnwrap">
<MemberSignature Language="C#" Value="public object? CreateInstanceAndUnwrap (string assemblyName, string typeName);" />
<MemberSignature Language="ILAsm" Value=".method public hidebysig instance object CreateInstanceAndUnwrap(string assemblyName, string typeName) cil managed" />
<MemberSignature Language="DocId" Value="M:System.AppDomain.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap(System.String,System.String)" />
<MemberSignature Language="VB.NET" Value="Public Function CreateInstanceAndUnwrap (assemblyName As String, typeName As String) As Object" />
<MemberSignature Language="F#" Value="member this.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap : string * string -> obj" Usage="appDomain.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap (assemblyName, typeName)" />
<MemberSignature Language="C++ CLI" Value="public:
 System::Object ^ CreateInstanceAndUnwrap(System::String ^ assemblyName, System::String ^ typeName);" />
<MemberType>Method</MemberType>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>mscorlib</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>1.0.5000.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>2.0.5.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime.Extensions</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.1.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>4.2.2.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>System.Runtime</AssemblyName>
<AssemblyVersion>5.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>6.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>7.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>8.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>9.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>10.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
<AssemblyVersion>11.0.0.0</AssemblyVersion>
</AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyInfo>
<AssemblyName>netstandard</AssemblyName>
</AssemblyInfo>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresUnreferencedCode("Type and its constructor could be removed")]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.RequiresUnreferencedCode("Type and its constructor could be removed")>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
<ReturnValue>
<ReturnType>System.Object</ReturnType>
<Attributes>
<Attribute FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0">
<AttributeName Language="C#">[System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)]</AttributeName>
<AttributeName Language="F#">[<System.Runtime.CompilerServices.Nullable(2)>]</AttributeName>
</Attribute>
</Attributes>
</ReturnValue>
<Parameters>
<Parameter Name="assemblyName" Type="System.String" Index="0" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
<Parameter Name="typeName" Type="System.String" Index="1" FrameworkAlternate="net-10.0;net-11.0;net-5.0;net-6.0;net-7.0;net-8.0;net-9.0;netcore-3.0;netcore-3.1" />
</Parameters>
<Docs>
<param name="assemblyName">The display name of the assembly. See <see cref="P:System.Reflection.Assembly.FullName" />.</param>
<param name="typeName">The fully qualified name of the requested type, including the namespace but not the assembly, as returned by the <see cref="P:System.Type.FullName" /> property.</param>
<summary>Creates a new instance of the specified type. Parameters specify the assembly where the type is defined, and the name of the type.</summary>
<returns>An instance of the object specified by <paramref name="typeName" />.</returns>
<remarks>
<format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
## Remarks
This is a convenience method that combines <xref:System.AppDomain.CreateInstance*> and <xref:System.Runtime.Remoting.ObjectHandle.Unwrap*?displayProperty=nameWithType>. This method calls the parameterless constructor for `typeName`.
See <xref:System.Reflection.AssemblyName> for the format of `assemblyName`. See the <xref:System.Type.FullName?displayProperty=nameWithType> property for the format of `typeName`.
> [!NOTE]
> If you make an early-bound call to a method `M` of an object of type `T1` that was returned by <xref:System.AppDomain.CreateInstanceAndUnwrap*>, and that method makes an early-bound call to a method of an object of type `T2` in an assembly `C` other than the current assembly or the assembly containing `T1`, assembly `C` is loaded into the current application domain. This loading occurs even if the early-bound call to `T1.M()` was made in the body of a <xref:System.Reflection.Emit.DynamicMethod>, or in other dynamically generated code. If the current domain is the default domain, assembly `C` cannot be unloaded until the process ends. If the current domain later attempts to load assembly `C`, the load might fail.
## Examples