feat: support generated (computed) columns via the generated tag

Render SQLite STORED generated columns from a `generated` tag, keeping the
generation expression separate from the column type:

  Total float64 `gorm:"->;generated:price * quantity"`
  // -> "total" real GENERATED ALWAYS AS (price * quantity) STORED

The expression is taken verbatim, so commas inside it (e.g. coalesce(a, b))
are preserved; combine with the `->` read-only permission. The `identity`
keyword is reserved for identity columns and is rendered through SQLite's
native AUTOINCREMENT, so it is not treated as a computed-column expression.

Relates to go-gorm/gorm#7191

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: h2zi

generated_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package sqlite
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
+)
+
+func TestDataTypeOfGeneratedColumn(t *testing.T) {
+	dialector := Dialector{}
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		field *schema.Field
+		want  string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "computed column renders a STORED generated column",
+			field: &schema.Field{DataType: schema.Float, TagSettings: map[string]string{"GENERATED": "price * quantity"}},
+			want:  "real GENERATED ALWAYS AS (price * quantity) STORED",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "computed expression keeps commas",
+			field: &schema.Field{DataType: schema.String, TagSettings: map[string]string{"GENERATED": "coalesce(first_name, last_name)"}},
+			want:  "text GENERATED ALWAYS AS (coalesce(first_name, last_name)) STORED",
+		},
+		{
+			// `identity` is reserved for identity columns, which SQLite renders
+			// through its native AUTOINCREMENT rather than a computed column.
+			name:  "identity keyword is not treated as a computed column",
+			field: &schema.Field{DataType: schema.Int, AutoIncrement: true, TagSettings: map[string]string{"GENERATED": "identity"}},
+			want:  "integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "identity with an explicit mode is also reserved",
+			field: &schema.Field{DataType: schema.Int, AutoIncrement: true, TagSettings: map[string]string{"GENERATED": "identity always"}},
+			want:  "integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "a bare generated tag is ignored",
+			field: &schema.Field{DataType: schema.Float, TagSettings: map[string]string{"GENERATED": "GENERATED"}},
+			want:  "real",
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "a lowercase generated expression is not mistaken for a bare tag",
+			field: &schema.Field{DataType: schema.Float, TagSettings: map[string]string{"GENERATED": "generated"}},
+			want:  "real GENERATED ALWAYS AS (generated) STORED",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := dialector.DataTypeOf(tt.field); got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("DataTypeOf() = %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

sqlite.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
 	"gorm.io/gorm/callbacks"
 
@@ -206,6 +207,17 @@ func (dialector Dialector) Explain(sql string, vars ...interface{}) string {
 }
 
 func (dialector Dialector) DataTypeOf(field *schema.Field) string {
+	// Computed (generated) column. SQLite 3.31+ supports STORED generated
+	// columns; the expression is carried by the `generated` tag, separate from
+	// the column type. https://www.sqlite.org/gencol.html
+	if expr, ok := generatedColumnExpr(field); ok {
+		return dialector.dataTypeOf(field) + " GENERATED ALWAYS AS (" + expr + ") STORED"
+	}
+
+	return dialector.dataTypeOf(field)
+}
+
+func (dialector Dialector) dataTypeOf(field *schema.Field) string {
 	switch field.DataType {
 	case schema.Bool:
 		return "numeric"
@@ -235,6 +247,43 @@ func (dialector Dialector) DataTypeOf(field *schema.Field) string {
 	return string(field.DataType)
 }
 
+// generatedColumnExpr returns the expression of a computed (generated) column
+// declared via the `generated` tag, if any. The `identity` keyword is reserved
+// for identity columns (rendered through the dialect's native auto-increment)
+// and is not a computed-column expression.
+func generatedColumnExpr(field *schema.Field) (string, bool) {
+	value, ok := field.TagSettings["GENERATED"]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	// Ignore an empty value or a bare `generated` tag, which the tag parser
+	// stores as the upper-cased key, rather than treating it as an expression.
+	if value = strings.TrimSpace(value); value == "" || value == "GENERATED" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if isIdentityKeyword(value) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return value, true
+}
+
+// isIdentityKeyword reports whether value is the `identity` keyword, optionally
+// combined with the generation mode `always` / `by default`. Any other token
+// means value is a computed-column expression.
+func isIdentityKeyword(value string) bool {
+	identity := false
+	for _, token := range strings.Fields(strings.ToLower(value)) {
+		switch token {
+		case "identity":
+			identity = true
+		case "always", "by", "default":
+		default:
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return identity
+}
+
 func (dialectopr Dialector) SavePoint(tx *gorm.DB, name string) error {
 	tx.Exec("SAVEPOINT " + name)
 	return nil