chore: add testing against JDK 24 #6517

Job	Run time
downstream-compatibility (google-cloud-java)	12m 17s
downstream-compatibility-spring-generator	9m 30s
downstream-compatibility (java-bigquery)	3m 52s
downstream-compatibility (java-pubsublite)	2m 42s
downstream-compatibility (java-spanner)	4m 59s
downstream-compatibility (java-bigtable)	4m 42s
downstream-compatibility (java-storage)	4m 28s
downstream-compatibility (java-bigquerystorage)	10m 1s
downstream-compatibility (java-spanner-jdbc)	3m 31s
downstream-compatibility (java-pubsub)	2m 15s
downstream-compatibility (java-datastore)	3m 56s
downstream-compatibility (java-logging)	2m 3s
downstream-compatibility (java-logging-logback)	1m 47s
downstream-compatibility (java-firestore)	2m 26s
downstream-compatibility (java-storage-nio)	3m 26s
	1h 11m 55s

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