Backport of update all actions which were using deprecated node20 to node24 into release/2.0.x

[hc-github-team-consul-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #23687 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/2.0.

🚨

Warning automatic cherry-pick of commits failed. If the first commit failed,
you will see a blank no-op commit below. If at least one commit succeeded, you
will see the cherry-picked commits up to, not including, the commit where
the merge conflict occurred.

The person who merged in the original PR is:
@suresh-hashicorp
This person should resolve the merge-conflict(s) by either:

• Manually completing the cherry picks into this branch
• Creating a new branch and manually cherry-picking all commits being backported

merge conflict error: POST https://api.github.com/repos/hashicorp/consul/merges: 409 Merge conflict []

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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Description

Updated all workflow action references that were on older Node-runtime lines to Node 24-capable releases.

PR Checklist

• updated test coverage
• external facing docs updated
• appropriate backport labels added
• not a security concern

PCI review checklist

• I have documented a clear reason for, and description of, the change I am making.

• If applicable, I've documented a plan to revert these changes if they require more than reverting the pull request.

• If applicable, I've documented the impact of any changes to security controls.

  Examples of changes to security controls include using new access control methods, adding or removing logging pipelines, etc.

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Overview of commits

• a156b8e