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Add: llms.txt for LLM-friendly site summary
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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# Python Time & Space Complexity
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> Comprehensive documentation of time and space complexity for Python built-in operations and standard library modules.
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This site documents the Big-O time and space complexity of Python operations across built-in types, built-in functions, and standard library modules. It covers CPython 3.9–3.14, with notes on PyPy, Jython, and IronPython.
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## Built-in Types
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- [Lists](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/list/): Time and space complexity for list operations (append, insert, pop, sort, slicing, etc.)
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- [Dictionaries](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/dict/): Complexity for dict operations (lookup, insert, delete, iteration)
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- [Sets](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/set/): Complexity for set operations (membership, union, intersection, difference)
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- [Tuples](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/tuple/): Complexity for tuple operations (indexing, slicing, membership)
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- [Strings](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/str/): Complexity for string operations (find, replace, split, join, slicing)
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- [Bytes & Bytearray](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/bytes/): Complexity for bytes and bytearray operations
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- [Frozenset](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/frozenset/): Complexity for frozenset operations
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- [Range](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/range/): Complexity for range operations (O(1) membership testing)
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- [Integer](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/int/): Complexity for arbitrary-precision integer arithmetic
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- [Float](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/float/): Complexity for floating-point operations
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- [Boolean](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/bool/): Complexity for boolean operations
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## Built-in Functions
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- [len()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/len/): O(1) for built-in types
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- [sorted()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/sorted/): O(n log n) Timsort
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- [max()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/max/): O(n) linear scan
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- [min()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/min/): O(n) linear scan
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- [sum()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/sum/): O(n) accumulation
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- [map()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/map/): Lazy O(1) per element
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- [filter()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/filter/): Lazy O(1) per element
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- [zip()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/zip/): Lazy O(1) per element
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- [enumerate()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/enumerate/): Lazy O(1) per element
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- [reversed()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/reversed/): O(1) iterator creation
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- [all()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/all/): O(n) short-circuit
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- [any()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/any/): O(n) short-circuit
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- [hash()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/hash/): Varies by type
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- [isinstance()](https://pythoncomplexity.com/builtins/isinstance/): O(n) MRO lookup
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## Standard Library (Key Modules)
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- [collections](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/collections/): Container datatypes (deque, Counter, OrderedDict, defaultdict, namedtuple, ChainMap)
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- [collections.deque](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/deque/): O(1) append/pop from both ends
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- [collections.Counter](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/counter/): Counting and multiset operations
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- [collections.defaultdict](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/defaultdict/): Dict with default factory
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- [collections.OrderedDict](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/ordereddict/): Insertion-ordered dict with O(1) move_to_end
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- [collections.namedtuple](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/namedtuple/): Lightweight named tuples
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- [heapq](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/heapq/): O(log n) push/pop, O(n) heapify
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- [bisect](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/bisect/): O(log n) binary search, O(n) insertion
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- [itertools](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/itertools/): Lazy iterator combinatorics
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- [functools](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/functools/): Higher-order functions (lru_cache, reduce, partial)
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- [re](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/re/): Regular expression complexity
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- [json](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/json/): JSON encoding/decoding complexity
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- [datetime](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/datetime/): Date/time operations
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- [math](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/math/): Mathematical functions
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- [hashlib](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/hashlib/): Cryptographic hash functions
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- [pathlib](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/pathlib/): Filesystem path operations
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- [sqlite3](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/sqlite3/): SQLite database operations
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- [difflib](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/difflib/): Sequence comparison (SequenceMatcher, unified_diff)
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- [copy](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/copy/): Shallow and deep copy complexity
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- [array](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/array/): Typed array operations
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- [queue](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/queue/): Thread-safe queue implementations
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- [decimal](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/decimal/): Arbitrary-precision decimal arithmetic
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- [graphlib](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/graphlib/): Topological sorting
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- [operator](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/operator/): Function versions of operators
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- [random](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/random/): Random number generation
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- [statistics](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/statistics/): Statistical functions
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- [string](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/string/): String constants and templates
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- [struct](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/struct/): Binary data packing/unpacking
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- [typing](https://pythoncomplexity.com/stdlib/typing/): Type hint support
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## Python Implementations
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- [CPython](https://pythoncomplexity.com/implementations/cpython/): Reference implementation details
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- [PyPy](https://pythoncomplexity.com/implementations/pypy/): JIT-compiled implementation differences
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- [Jython](https://pythoncomplexity.com/implementations/jython/): JVM-based implementation differences
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- [IronPython](https://pythoncomplexity.com/implementations/ironpython/): .NET-based implementation differences
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## Python Versions
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- [Python 3.14](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py314/): Complexity changes in 3.14
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- [Python 3.13](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py313/): Complexity changes in 3.13
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- [Python 3.12](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py312/): Complexity changes in 3.12
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- [Python 3.11](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py311/): Complexity changes in 3.11
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- [Python 3.10](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py310/): Complexity changes in 3.10
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- [Python 3.9](https://pythoncomplexity.com/versions/py39/): Complexity changes in 3.9

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