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hitesh-bhatnagarhitesh-bhatnagar
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‎examples/08_hashmap_part_2.rs‎

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fn main() {
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}
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fn main() {}

‎examples/09_strings.rs‎

Lines changed: 104 additions & 107 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
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1-
fn main(){
1+
fn main() {
2+
// PART 1: &str vs String
23

3-
// PART 1: &str vs String
4+
// &str --> fized text baked into your program
5+
let fixed: &str = "hello world";
6+
println!("&str: {}", fixed);
47

5-
// &str --> fized text baked into your program
6-
let fixed: &str = "hello world";
7-
println!("&str: {}", fixed);
8+
// String --> owned, growable txt
9+
let owned: String = String::from("hello world");
10+
println!("String: {}", owned);
811

9-
// String --> owned, growable txt
10-
let owned: String = String::from("hello world");
11-
println!("String: {}", owned);
12+
// convert &str --> String
13+
let s1 = "help".to_string();
14+
let s2 = String::from("me please");
15+
println!("both equal: {}", s1 == s2); // true
1216

13-
// convert &str --> String
14-
let s1 = "help".to_string();
15-
let s2 = String::from("me please");
16-
println!("both equal: {}", s1 == s2); // true
17+
// convert String --> &str
18+
let owned = String::from("hello");
19+
let borrowed: &str = &owned; // borrow it as &str
20+
println!("borrowed: {}", borrowed);
1721

18-
// convert String --> &str
19-
let owned = String::from("hello");
20-
let borrowed : &str = &owned; // borrow it as &str
21-
println!("borrowed: {}", borrowed);
22+
// PART 2: Building Strings
2223

23-
// PART 2: Building Strings
24+
// push_str --> appedn a &str
25+
let mut s = String::from("hello");
26+
s.push_str(" Universe");
27+
println!("{} ", s);
2428

25-
// push_str --> appedn a &str
26-
let mut s =String::from("hello");
27-
s.push_str(" Universe");
28-
println!("{} ", s);
29+
// push --> append a single character
30+
s.push('!');
31+
println!("{}", s);
2932

30-
// push --> append a single character
31-
s.push('!');
32-
println!("{}", s);
33+
// + operator --> concatenates
34+
// NOTE: Consumes first string!!
35+
let s1 = String::from("Is this a real life ");
36+
let s2 = String::from("or just fantasy ");
3337

34-
// + operator --> concatenates
35-
// NOTE: Consumes first string!!
36-
let s1 = String::from("Is this a real life ");
37-
let s2 = String::from("or just fantasy ");
38-
39-
let s3 = s1 + &s2; // s1 is MOVED here --> can't use s1 after this
38+
let s3 = s1 + &s2; // s1 is MOVED here --> can't use s1 after this
4039

41-
println!("{}", s3);
40+
println!("{}", s3);
4241

43-
// format! macro --> joins w/o consuming (most flexible)
44-
let first = String::from("Caught in a landscape, ");
45-
let sec = String::from("no escape from reality");
46-
let combined = format!("{} {}!", first, sec);
42+
// format! macro --> joins w/o consuming (most flexible)
43+
let first = String::from("Caught in a landscape, ");
44+
let sec = String::from("no escape from reality");
45+
let combined = format!("{} {}!", first, sec);
4746

48-
println!("{}", combined); //NOTE: first & sec are still valid -- format! borrows them
47+
println!("{}", combined); //NOTE: first & sec are still valid -- format! borrows them
4948

50-
// repeat
51-
let repeated = "ha".repeat(3);
52-
println!("{}", repeated);
49+
// repeat
50+
let repeated = "ha".repeat(3);
51+
println!("{}", repeated);
5352

54-
// PART 3: Trimming
55-
let s = " Namaste India ";
53+
// PART 3: Trimming
54+
let s = " Namaste India ";
5655

57-
println!("'{}'", s.trim()); // 'Namaste India'
58-
println!("'{}'", s.trim_start());
59-
println!("'{}'", s.trim_end());
56+
println!("'{}'", s.trim()); // 'Namaste India'
57+
println!("'{}'", s.trim_start());
58+
println!("'{}'", s.trim_end());
6059

61-
// trim specific characters
60+
// trim specific characters
6261
let s2 = "###hello###";
63-
println!("{}", s2.trim_matches('#'));
62+
println!("{}", s2.trim_matches('#'));
6463

6564
// PART 4: Searching & Checking
6665

@@ -73,91 +72,89 @@ fn main(){
7372

7473
// find --> returns the index of first match, or None
7574
match s.find("Rust") {
76-
Some(i) => println!("'Rust' found at index {}", i),
77-
None => println!("not found"),
75+
Some(i) => println!("'Rust' found at index {}", i),
76+
None => println!("not found"),
7877
}
7978

8079
// PART 5 : Replacing
8180

8281
let s = String::from("I love Java and Java was my first programming language");
83-
82+
8483
// replace --> replaces ALL occurences
85-
let replaced = s.replace("Java", "Rust");
86-
println!("{}", replaced);
84+
let replaced = s.replace("Java", "Rust");
85+
println!("{}", replaced);
8786

88-
// replacen --> replaces only N occurrences
89-
let replaced_once = s.replacen("Java", "Rust", 1);
90-
println!("{}", replaced_once);
87+
// replacen --> replaces only N occurrences
88+
let replaced_once = s.replacen("Java", "Rust", 1);
89+
println!("{}", replaced_once);
9190

92-
// PART 6 : Splitting --> most important for CLI tools
91+
// PART 6 : Splitting --> most important for CLI tools
9392

94-
let sentence = "hello world foo bar";
93+
let sentence = "hello world foo bar";
9594

96-
let words: Vec<&str> = sentence.split(' ').collect();
97-
println!("split: {:?}", words);
95+
let words: Vec<&str> = sentence.split(' ').collect();
96+
println!("split: {:?}", words);
9897

99-
// splitn --> split into AT MOST n parts
100-
// Very useful for parsing commands like "SET key value"
101-
let cmd = "SET my key some value with spaces";
102-
let parts: Vec<&str> = cmd.splitn(3, ' ').collect();
103-
println!("splitn(3): {:?}", parts);
104-
// ["SET", "my", "key some value with spaces"]
105-
// NOTICE: everything after the 2nd space stays together
98+
// splitn --> split into AT MOST n parts
99+
// Very useful for parsing commands like "SET key value"
100+
let cmd = "SET my key some value with spaces";
101+
let parts: Vec<&str> = cmd.splitn(3, ' ').collect();
102+
println!("splitn(3): {:?}", parts);
103+
// ["SET", "my", "key some value with spaces"]
104+
// NOTICE: everything after the 2nd space stays together
106105

107-
// split and check first word
108-
let input = "echo hello world";
109-
let mut parts = input.splitn(2, ' ');
110-
let command = parts.next().unwrap_or("");
111-
let args = parts.next().unwrap_or("");
106+
// split and check first word
107+
let input = "echo hello world";
108+
let mut parts = input.splitn(2, ' ');
109+
let command = parts.next().unwrap_or("");
110+
let args = parts.next().unwrap_or("");
112111

113-
println!("command: '{}', args: '{}'", command, args);
112+
println!("command: '{}', args: '{}'", command, args);
114113

115-
// PART 7: Case Conversion
114+
// PART 7: Case Conversion
116115

117-
let s = "Hello Universe";
118-
println!("converted to lowercase: {}", s.to_lowercase());
119-
println!("converted to uppercase: {}", s.to_uppercase());
116+
let s = "Hello Universe";
117+
println!("converted to lowercase: {}", s.to_lowercase());
118+
println!("converted to uppercase: {}", s.to_uppercase());
120119

121-
// PART 8: Parsing --> converting strings to other types
122-
let num: i32 = "42".parse().unwrap();
123-
println!("parsed i32: {}", num);
120+
// PART 8: Parsing --> converting strings to other types
121+
let num: i32 = "42".parse().unwrap();
122+
println!("parsed i32: {}", num);
124123

125-
let float: f64 = "3.14".parse().unwrap();
126-
println!("parsed f64: {}", float);
124+
let float: f64 = "3.14".parse().unwrap();
125+
println!("parsed f64: {}", float);
127126

128-
// Handle parse failure safely
129-
match "abc".parse::<i32>() {
130-
Ok(n) => println!("parsed: {}", n),
131-
Err(e) => println!("parse failed: {}", e),
132-
133-
}
127+
// Handle parse failure safely
128+
match "abc".parse::<i32>() {
129+
Ok(n) => println!("parsed: {}", n),
130+
Err(e) => println!("parse failed: {}", e),
131+
}
134132

135-
//number --> string
136-
let n = 42;
137-
let s = n.to_string();
138-
println!("number to string: {}", s);
133+
//number --> string
134+
let n = 42;
135+
let s = n.to_string();
136+
println!("number to string: {}", s);
139137

140-
// PART 9: Joining
138+
// PART 9: Joining
141139

142-
let words = vec!["It's", "Rust Lang", "baby"];
140+
let words = vec!["It's", "Rust Lang", "baby"];
143141

144-
// join --> connect items with a separator
145-
let sentence = words.join(" ");
146-
println!("{}", sentence);
142+
// join --> connect items with a separator
143+
let sentence = words.join(" ");
144+
println!("{}", sentence);
147145

148-
let csv = words.join(",");
149-
println!("{}", csv);
146+
let csv = words.join(",");
147+
println!("{}", csv);
150148

151-
// PART 10: Characters
149+
// PART 10: Characters
152150

153-
let s = String::from("hello");
154-
for i in s.chars() {
155-
print!("{} ", i);
156-
}
157-
println!();
151+
let s = String::from("hello");
152+
for i in s.chars() {
153+
print!("{} ", i);
154+
}
155+
println!();
158156

159-
// Count characters
160-
let char_count = s.chars().count();
161-
println!("char count: {}", char_count);
162-
157+
// Count characters
158+
let char_count = s.chars().count();
159+
println!("char count: {}", char_count);
163160
}

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