Add caches to speed up Parameter initialization

[philippjfr]

This sets up some caches storing which parameters have to be instantiated, deepcopied etc. which speeds up subsequent instantiations of the parameters.

| Change   | Before [6f3eea86]    | After [11ab448d]    | Ratio   | Benchmark (Parameter)                                                                      |
|----------|----------------------|---------------------|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
|          | 32.3±0.8ms           | 34.1±1ms            | 1.06    | benchmarks.ImportSuite.timeraw_import_param                                                |
|          | 2.04±0.04μs          | 2.07±0.03μs         | 1.01    | benchmarks.ParameterSuite.time_instantiation                                               |
|          | 3.10±0.03μs          | 3.01±0.02μs         | 0.97    | benchmarks.ParameterTypeInstantiationSuite.time_boolean                                    |
|          | 3.75±0.02μs          | 3.82±0.1μs          | 1.02    | benchmarks.ParameterTypeInstantiationSuite.time_bytes_with_regex                           |
|          | 4.00±0.1μs           | 3.92±0.08μs         | 0.98    | benchmarks.ParameterTypeInstantiationSuite.time_classselector                              |
|          | 4.72±0.2μs           | 4.51±0.08μs         | 0.96    | benchmarks.ParameterTypeInstantiationSuite.time_color                                      |
|          | 6.49±0.2μs           | 6.60±0.08μs         | 1.02    | benchmarks.ParameterTypeInstantiationSuite.time_date                                       |
|          | 5.80±0.03μs          | 5.93±0.07μs         | 1.02    | benchmarks.ParameterTypeInstantiationSuite.time_integer                                    |
|          | 5.02±0.06μs          | 5.01±0.03μs         | 1.00    | benchmarks.ParameterTypeInstantiationSuite.time_list                                       |
|          | 5.42±0.04μs          | 5.46±0.02μs         | 1.01    | benchmarks.ParameterTypeInstantiationSuite.time_number                                     |
|          | 10.7±1μs             | 10.2±0.07μs         | 0.95    | benchmarks.ParameterTypeInstantiationSuite.time_selector                                   |
|          | 3.80±0.03μs          | 3.81±0.04μs         | 1.00    | benchmarks.ParameterTypeInstantiationSuite.time_string_with_regex                          |
| -        | 13.6±0.3μs           | 8.04±0.1μs          | 0.59    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsInstantiateSuite.time_declarative_10_parameters_separate_cb |
| -        | 13.2±0.06μs          | 8.16±0.1μs          | 0.62    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsInstantiateSuite.time_declarative_10_parameters_shared_cb   |
| -        | 9.17±0.07μs          | 8.33±0.2μs          | 0.91    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsInstantiateSuite.time_declarative_1_parameter               |
|          | 583±7μs              | 619±20μs            | 1.06    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsInstantiateSuite.time_watch_10_parameters_separate_cb       |
|          | 535±3μs              | 563±9μs             | 1.05    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsInstantiateSuite.time_watch_10_parameters_shared_cb         |
|          | 66.6±0.8μs           | 70.2±2μs            | 1.05    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsInstantiateSuite.time_watch_1_parameter                     |
|          | 693±9μs              | 732±10μs            | 1.06    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsSuite.time_declarative_10_parameters_separate_cb            |
|          | 654±20μs             | 670±10μs            | 1.02    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsSuite.time_declarative_10_parameters_shared_cb              |
|          | 132±3μs              | 136±2μs             | 1.03    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsSuite.time_declarative_1_parameter                          |
|          | 698±20μs             | 727±10μs            | 1.04    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsSuite.time_watch_10_parameters_separate_cb                  |
|          | 658±7μs              | 666±8μs             | 1.01    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsSuite.time_watch_10_parameters_shared_cb                    |
|          | 130±2μs              | 135±0.9μs           | 1.04    | benchmarks.ParameterizedDependsSuite.time_watch_1_parameter                                |
| -        | 51.7±0.4μs           | 8.06±0.04μs         | 0.16    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateSuite.time_100_parameters                               |
| -        | 13.2±0.2μs           | 8.04±0.08μs         | 0.61    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateSuite.time_10_parameters                                |
| -        | 9.18±0.08μs          | 8.14±0.1μs          | 0.89    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateSuite.time_1_parameters                                 |
| -        | 9.13±0.1μs           | 8.05±0.07μs         | 0.88    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateTypeSuite.time_boolean                                  |
| -        | 9.28±0.2μs           | 7.93±0.1μs          | 0.85    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateTypeSuite.time_bytes_with_regex                         |
| -        | 10.5±0.3μs           | 9.51±0.07μs         | 0.91    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateTypeSuite.time_classselector                            |
| -        | 9.28±0.09μs          | 8.01±0.1μs          | 0.86    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateTypeSuite.time_color                                    |
|          | 9.24±0.2μs           | 8.12±0.09μs         | ~0.88   | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateTypeSuite.time_date                                     |
| -        | 9.06±0.06μs          | 8.08±0.05μs         | 0.89    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateTypeSuite.time_integer                                  |
|          | 11.0±0.2μs           | 10.1±0.1μs          | 0.92    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateTypeSuite.time_list                                     |
| -        | 9.05±0.07μs          | 8.03±0.1μs          | 0.89    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateTypeSuite.time_number                                   |
| -        | 9.15±0.08μs          | 8.28±0.2μs          | 0.90    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateTypeSuite.time_selector                                 |
| -        | 9.14±0.08μs          | 8.26±0.3μs          | 0.90    | benchmarks.ParameterizedInstantiateTypeSuite.time_string_with_regex                        |
|          | 111±2ns              | 111±0.6ns           | 1.00    | benchmarks.ParameterizedParamAccessSuite.time_class                                        |
|          | 147±3ns              | 148±2ns             | 1.00    | benchmarks.ParameterizedParamAccessSuite.time_instance                                     |
| +        | 292±2ns              | 347±40ns            | 1.19    | benchmarks.ParameterizedParamContainsSuite.time_class                                      |
|          | 352±5ns              | 364±2ns             | 1.04    | benchmarks.ParameterizedParamContainsSuite.time_instance                                   |
| +        | 3.35±0.02μs          | 3.85±0.07μs         | 1.15    | benchmarks.ParameterizedSetattrSuite.time_class                                            |
|          | 2.67±0.02μs          | 2.61±0.04μs         | 0.98    | benchmarks.ParameterizedSetattrSuite.time_instance                                         |
|          | 58.0±0.6μs           | 61.5±0.9μs          | 1.06    | benchmarks.ParameterizedSuite.time_class_bare                                              |
|          | 5.42±0.06ms          | 5.55±0.03ms         | 1.02    | benchmarks.ParameterizedSuite.time_class_with_100_parameter                                |
|          | 608±10μs             | 625±10μs            | 1.03    | benchmarks.ParameterizedSuite.time_class_with_10_parameter                                 |
|          | 116±1μs              | 124±3μs             | 1.07    | benchmarks.ParameterizedSuite.time_class_with_1_parameter                                  |
|          | 11.1±0.1μs           | 11.4±0.5μs          | 1.02    | benchmarks.WatcherSuite.time_trigger                                                       |

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 92.30769% with 7 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 86.73%. Comparing base (7698658) to head (e304422).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
param/parameterized.py	92.30%	7 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1124      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   86.51%   86.73%   +0.22%     
==========================================
  Files           9        9              
  Lines        5241     5285      +44     
==========================================
+ Hits         4534     4584      +50     
+ Misses        707      701       -6     

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[hoxbro]

some small comments, but otherwise LGTM.