Refactor the entire lesson structure (#185)

* Refactor the entire lesson structure

* Handle stale content references

* Remove mypy override from settings

* Remove author example section

Author: huangsam

AGENTS.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 ## Patterns and conventions
 
-- `main()` must be parameterless and not raise exceptions when run. Examples: `ultimatepython/syntax/function.py`, `ultimatepython/classes/basic_class.py`.
+- `main()` must be parameterless and not raise exceptions when run. Examples: `ultimatepython/fundamentals/function.py`, `ultimatepython/oop/basic_class.py`.
 - Module structure: docstring, helpers, `main()` demonstrating usage via asserts, `if __name__ == "__main__": main()`.
 - Avoid long-running or destructive operations. For filesystem interactions, keep them local to ephemeral files and clean up after running.
 - Use `ruff` and `isort` (configured in `pyproject.toml`) for consistency with existing modules.

README.de.md

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Sobald das Repository zugänglich ist, können Sie mit den eigenständigen
 Modulen lernen. Um den größtmöglichen Nutzen aus jedem Modul zu ziehen, lesen Sie den Modulcode und führen Sie ihn aus.
 Es gibt zwei Möglichkeiten, die Module auszuführen:
 
-1. Führen Sie ein einzelnes Modul aus: `python ultimatepython/syntax/variable.py`
+1. Führen Sie ein einzelnes Modul aus: `python ultimatepython/fundamentals/variable.py`
 2. Führen Sie alle Module aus: `python runner.py`
 
 ## Inhaltsübersicht
@@ -80,51 +80,56 @@ Es gibt zwei Möglichkeiten, die Module auszuführen:
     - Data model: [Data model](https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html) ( 📚, 🤯 )
     - Standard library: [The Python Standard Library](https://docs.python.org/3/library/) ( 📚, 🤯 )
     - Built-in functions: [Built-in Functions](https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html) ( 📚 )
-2. **Syntax**
-    - Variable: [Built-in literals](ultimatepython/syntax/variable.py) ( 🍰 )
-    - Expression: [Numeric operations](ultimatepython/syntax/expression.py) ( 🍰 )
-    - Bitwise: [Bitwise operators](ultimatepython/syntax/bitwise.py) ( 🍰 ), [One's/Two's Complement](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-1s-complement-representation-and-2s-complement-representation-technique/) ( 📚 )
-    - Conditional: [if | if-else | if-elif-else](ultimatepython/syntax/conditional.py) ( 🍰 )
-    - Loop: [for-loop | while-loop](ultimatepython/syntax/loop.py) ( 🍰 )
-    - Function: [def | lambda](ultimatepython/syntax/function.py) ( 🍰 )
-    - Walrus operator: [Assignment expressions :=](ultimatepython/syntax/walrus_operator.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Argument enforcement: [Positional-only / | Keyword-only *](ultimatepython/syntax/arg_enforcement.py) ( 🤯 )
-3. **Daten-Strukturen**
-    - List: [List operations](ultimatepython/data_structures/list.py) ( 🍰 )
-    - Tuple: [Tuple operations](ultimatepython/data_structures/tuple.py)
-    - Set: [Set operations](ultimatepython/data_structures/set.py)
-    - Dict: [Dictionary operations](ultimatepython/data_structures/dict.py) ( 🍰 )
-    - Dict union: [Dictionary merge | and |=](ultimatepython/data_structures/dict_union.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Comprehension: [list | tuple | set | dict](ultimatepython/data_structures/comprehension.py)
-    - String: [String operations](ultimatepython/data_structures/string.py) ( 🍰 )
-    - Deque: [deque](ultimatepython/data_structures/deque.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Namedtuple: [namedtuple](ultimatepython/data_structures/namedtuple.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Defaultdict: [defaultdict](ultimatepython/data_structures/defaultdict.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Iterator-Tools: [Iterator-Tools](ultimatepython/data_structures/itertools.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Time complexity: [cPython operations](https://wiki.python.org/moin/TimeComplexity) ( 📚, 🤯 )
-4. **Klassen**
-    - Basic class: [Basic definition](ultimatepython/classes/basic_class.py) ( 🍰 )
-    - Inheritance: [Inheritance](ultimatepython/classes/inheritance.py) ( 🍰 )
-    - Abstract class: [Abstract definition](ultimatepython/classes/abstract_class.py)
-    - Exception class: [Exception definition](ultimatepython/classes/exception_class.py)
-    - Iterator class: [Iterator definition | yield](ultimatepython/classes/iterator_class.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Encapsulation: [Encapsulation definition](ultimatepython/classes/encapsulation.py)
+2. **Grundlagen**
+    - Variable: [Built-in literals](ultimatepython/fundamentals/variable.py) ( 🍰 )
+    - Expression: [Numeric operations](ultimatepython/fundamentals/expression.py) ( 🍰 )
+    - String: [String operations](ultimatepython/fundamentals/string.py) ( 🍰 )
+    - List: [List operations](ultimatepython/fundamentals/list.py) ( 🍰 )
+    - Tuple: [Tuple operations](ultimatepython/fundamentals/tuple.py)
+    - Set: [Set operations](ultimatepython/fundamentals/set.py)
+    - Dict: [Dictionary operations](ultimatepython/fundamentals/dict.py) ( 🍰 )
+    - Conditional: [if | if-else | if-elif-else](ultimatepython/fundamentals/conditional.py) ( 🍰 )
+    - Loop: [for-loop | while-loop](ultimatepython/fundamentals/loop.py) ( 🍰 )
+    - Function: [def | lambda](ultimatepython/fundamentals/function.py) ( 🍰 )
+    - Comprehension: [list | tuple | set | dict](ultimatepython/fundamentals/comprehension.py)
+3. **Objektorientierte Programmierung**
+    - Basic class: [Basic definition](ultimatepython/oop/basic_class.py) ( 🍰 )
+    - Inheritance: [Inheritance](ultimatepython/oop/inheritance.py) ( 🍰 )
+    - Encapsulation: [Encapsulation definition](ultimatepython/oop/encapsulation.py)
+    - Abstract class: [Abstract definition](ultimatepython/oop/abstract_class.py)
+    - Exception class: [Exception definition](ultimatepython/oop/exception_class.py)
+    - Iterator class: [Iterator definition | yield](ultimatepython/oop/iterator_class.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Mixin: [Mixin definition](ultimatepython/oop/mixin.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Method resolution order: [mro](ultimatepython/oop/mro.py) ( 🤯 )
+4. **Standardbibliothek**
+    - File Handling: [File Handling](ultimatepython/stdlib/file_handling.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Regular expression: [search | findall | match | fullmatch](ultimatepython/stdlib/regex.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Data format: [json | xml | csv](ultimatepython/stdlib/data_format.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Datetime: [datetime | timezone](ultimatepython/stdlib/date_time.py) ( 🤯 )
 5. **Fortgeschrittene**
     - Decorator: [Decorator definition | wraps](ultimatepython/advanced/decorator.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - File Handling: [File Handling](ultimatepython/advanced/file_handling.py) ( 🤯 )
     - Context manager: [Context managers](ultimatepython/advanced/context_manager.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Method resolution order: [mro](ultimatepython/advanced/mro.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Mixin: [Mixin definition](ultimatepython/advanced/mixin.py) ( 🤯 )
     - Metaclass: [Metaclass definition](ultimatepython/advanced/meta_class.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Thread: [ThreadPoolExecutor](ultimatepython/advanced/thread.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Asyncio: [async | await](ultimatepython/advanced/async.py) ( 🤯 )
     - Weak reference: [weakref](ultimatepython/advanced/weak_ref.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Benchmark: [cProfile | pstats](ultimatepython/advanced/benchmark.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Mocking: [MagicMock | PropertyMock | patch](ultimatepython/advanced/mocking.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Regular expression: [search | findall | match | fullmatch](ultimatepython/advanced/regex.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Data format: [json | xml | csv](ultimatepython/advanced/data_format.py) ( 🤯 )
-    - Datetime: [datetime | timezone](ultimatepython/advanced/date_time.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Walrus operator: [Assignment expressions :=](ultimatepython/advanced/walrus_operator.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Argument enforcement: [Positional-only / | Keyword-only *](ultimatepython/advanced/arg_enforcement.py) ( 🤯 )
     - Pattern Matching: [match | case](ultimatepython/advanced/pattern_matching.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Template strings: [Template strings (PEP 750)](ultimatepython/advanced/template_strings.py) ( 🤯 )
+6. **Nebenläufigkeit**
+    - Thread: [ThreadPoolExecutor](ultimatepython/concurrency/thread.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Asyncio: [async | await](ultimatepython/concurrency/async.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Subinterpreters: [concurrent.interpreters](ultimatepython/concurrency/subinterpreters.py) ( 🤯 )
+7. **Softwaretechnik**
+    - Mocking: [MagicMock | PropertyMock | patch](ultimatepython/engineering/mocking.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Benchmark: [cProfile | pstats](ultimatepython/engineering/benchmark.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Bitwise: [Bitwise operators](ultimatepython/engineering/bitwise.py) ( 🍰 ), [One's/Two's Complement](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-1s-complement-representation-and-2s-complement-representation-technique/) ( 📚 )
+    - Deque: [deque](ultimatepython/engineering/deque.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Namedtuple: [namedtuple](ultimatepython/engineering/namedtuple.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Defaultdict: [defaultdict](ultimatepython/engineering/defaultdict.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Iterator-Tools: [Iterator-Tools](ultimatepython/engineering/itertools.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Dict union: [Dictionary merge | and |=](ultimatepython/engineering/dict_union.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Heap: [heap queue](ultimatepython/engineering/heap.py) ( 🤯 )
+    - Time complexity: [cPython operations](https://wiki.python.org/moin/TimeComplexity) ( 📚, 🤯 )
 
 ## Zusätzliche Ressourcen
 
@@ -136,51 +141,43 @@ Es gibt zwei Möglichkeiten, die Module auszuführen:
 
 Lernen Sie weiter, indem Sie von anderen Quellen lesen.
 
+#### Kern-Python & Muster
+
 - [TheAlgorithms/Python](https://github.com/TheAlgorithms/Python) ( 👔 , 🧪 )
 - [faif/python-patterns](https://github.com/faif/python-patterns) ( 👔 , 🧪 )
 - [geekcomputers/Python](https://github.com/geekcomputers/Python) ( 🧪 )
-- [trekhleb/homemade-machine-learning](https://github.com/trekhleb/homemade-machine-learning) ( 🧪 )
-- [karan/Projects](https://github.com/karan/Projects) ( 🧠 )
-- [MunGell/awesome-for-beginners](https://github.com/MunGell/awesome-for-beginners) ( 🧠 )
-- [vinta/awesome-python](https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python)
-- [academic/awesome-datascience](https://github.com/academic/awesome-datascience)
-- [josephmisiti/awesome-machine-learning](https://github.com/josephmisiti/awesome-machine-learning)
-- [ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers](https://github.com/ZuzooVn/machine-learning-for-software-engineers)
-- [30-seconds/30-seconds-of-python](https://github.com/30-seconds/30-seconds-of-python) ( 🧪 )
-- [ml-tooling/best-of-python](https://github.com/ml-tooling/best-of-python)
 - [practical-tutorials/project-based-learning](https://github.com/practical-tutorials/project-based-learning#python)
-- [freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp](https://github.com/freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp) ( 👔 )
+
+#### Data Science & Machine Learning
+
+- [trekhleb/homemade-machine-learning](https://github.com/trekhleb/homemade-machine-learning) ( 🧪 )
 - [microsoft/ML-For-Beginners](https://github.com/microsoft/ML-For-Beginners) ( 🧪 )
 - [microsoft/Data-Science-For-Beginners](https://github.com/microsoft/Data-Science-For-Beginners) ( 🧪 )
-- [Avik-Jain/100-Days-Of-ML-Code](https://github.com/Avik-Jain/100-Days-Of-ML-Code) ( 🧪 )
-
-### Projekte des Autors
+- [academic/awesome-datascience](https://github.com/academic/awesome-datascience)
+- [josephmisiti/awesome-machine-learning](https://github.com/josephmisiti/awesome-machine-learning)
 
-Projekte, die ich mit Python erstellt habe und die zeigen, was man nach dem Erlernen dieser Konzepte erstellen kann:
+#### Kuratierte Listen & Projektideen
 
-- [huangsam/chowist](https://github.com/huangsam/chowist) ( 🧪 )
-- [huangsam/githooks](https://github.com/huangsam/githooks) ( 🧪 )
-- [huangsam/ragchain](https://github.com/huangsam/ragchain) ( 🧪 )
-- [huangsam/mailprune](https://github.com/huangsam/mailprune) ( 🧪 )
+- [MunGell/awesome-for-beginners](https://github.com/MunGell/awesome-for-beginners) ( 🧠 )
+- [vinta/awesome-python](https://github.com/vinta/awesome-python)
+- [lukasmasuch/best-of-python](https://github.com/lukasmasuch/best-of-python)
+- [freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp](https://github.com/freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp) ( 👔 )
 
 ### Interaktive Übungen
 
 Üben Sie weiter, damit Ihre Programmierkenntnisse nicht einrosten.
 
-- [codechef.com](https://www.codechef.com/) ( 👔 )
-- [codeforces.com](https://codeforces.com/)
-- [codementor.io](https://www.codementor.io) ( 🧠 )
-- [coderbyte.com](https://www.coderbyte.com/) ( 👔 )
-- [codewars.com](https://www.codewars.com/)
-- [exercism.io](https://exercism.io/)
-- [geeksforgeeks.org](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) ( 👔 )
-- [hackerearth.com](https://www.hackerearth.com/)
-- [hackerrank.com](https://www.hackerrank.com/) ( 👔 )
-- [kaggle.com](https://www.kaggle.com/) ( 🧠 )
-- [labex.io](https://labex.io/exercises/python)( 🧪 )
+#### Interviewvorbereitung
+
 - [leetcode.com](https://leetcode.com/) ( 👔 )
+- [hackerrank.com](https://www.hackerrank.com/) ( 👔 )
+- [geeksforgeeks.org](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/) ( 👔 )
+
+#### Praktisches Lernen
+
+- [exercism.io](https://exercism.io/)
+- [codewars.com](https://www.codewars.com/)
+- [labex.io](https://labex.io/exercises/python) ( 🧪 )
+- [teclado.com](https://teclado.com/30-days-of-python/#prerequisites) ( 🧪 )
 - [projecteuler.net](https://projecteuler.net/)
-- [replit.com](https://replit.com/)
-- [w3schools.com](https://www.w3schools.com/python/) ( 🧪 )
-- [teclado.com](https://teclado.com/30-days-of-python/#prerequisites) ( 👔 )
-- [fullstakpython.org](https://fullstackpython.org/) ( 🧪 )
+- [kaggle.com](https://www.kaggle.com/) ( 🧠 )