Update Python support through 3.14

[jsturtevant]

The Python SDK and Wasm guest packaging should advertise and exercise the same supported CPython minor versions. This updates the declared and tested support range to CPython 3.10 through 3.14, matching the current stable Python payload/tooling without adding prerelease support.

Summary

• Add Python 3.14 to the CI and publish wheel build/test matrices for Linux and Windows.
• Move single-version Python installs used for sandbox/runtime build jobs from 3.12 to 3.14.
• Add explicit Python 3.10-3.14 classifiers across the SDK, native backends, and packaged Wasm guest wheels.
• Align backend maturin build-system requirements with the repo dev toolchain and refresh uv.lock.
• Document the CPython 3.10-3.14 support range in the README.

Notes

The embedded Python runtime in the Wasm payload is already CPython 3.14.0 via componentize-py; this change aligns the SDK metadata and CI/release matrices around that support range.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR aligns the Python SDK’s declared support range and CI/release coverage with the embedded runtime/tooling by moving to CPython 3.10–3.14 across metadata, build/test automation, and documentation.

Changes:

• Expand CI and publish wheel build/test matrices to include Python 3.14 (and move single-version build jobs to 3.14).
• Add explicit Python 3.10–3.14 trove classifiers across the SDK, native backends, and packaged Wasm guest wheels.
• Update Python SDK tooling and workflows: refresh uv.lock, tighten maturin build-system requirements, and route fuzzing to Python 3.12 due to Atheris constraints.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 9 out of 10 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
uv.lock	Updates locked dependencies/tooling (incl. markers to keep Atheris on <3.13 and refreshed tool versions).
src/sdk/python/core/pyproject.toml	Adds Python 3.10–3.14 classifiers and limits atheris dev extra to <3.13.
src/sdk/python/wasm_backend/pyproject.toml	Aligns maturin build requirement and adds Python 3.10–3.14 classifiers.
src/sdk/python/hyperlight_js_backend/pyproject.toml	Aligns maturin build requirement and adds Python 3.10–3.14 classifiers.
src/sdk/python/wasm_guests/python_guest/pyproject.toml	Adds Python 3.10–3.14 classifiers for the packaged Wasm Python guest wheel.
src/sdk/python/wasm_guests/javascript_guest/pyproject.toml	Adds Python 3.10–3.14 classifiers for the packaged Wasm JavaScript guest wheel.
src/sdk/python/Justfile	Adds parameterized Python selection for uv commands and runs fuzzing on Python 3.12 while keeping the rest on the active Python.
README.md	Documents the CPython 3.10–3.14 support range for the Python SDK and guest wheels.
.github/workflows/ci.yml	Updates CI Python installs/matrices to include 3.14 and sets the Python SDK job’s active Python to 3.14.
.github/workflows/publish.yml	Updates publish build matrices and single-version build jobs to use/install Python 3.14.