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feat: add .NET Kestrel HTTP server example
ASP.NET Core Kestrel web server on Hyperlight using the same async networking infrastructure as go-http. Uses CreateEmptyBuilder to avoid inotify dependency (ENOSYS on Unikraft). Signed-off-by: danbugs <danilochiarlone@gmail.com>
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‎examples/dotnet-http/Dockerfile‎

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FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:9.0-alpine AS build
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WORKDIR /app
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COPY Program.cs KestrelHyperlight.csproj ./
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RUN dotnet publish -c Release -r linux-musl-x64 --self-contained \
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-p:PublishTrimmed=true \
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-p:InvariantGlobalization=true \
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-o /out
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FROM scratch AS rootfs
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# .NET app + runtime (self-contained)
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COPY --from=build /out/ /app/
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# musl dynamic linker
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COPY --from=build /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1 /lib/ld-musl-x86_64.so.1
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# C++ runtime libraries (needed by .NET runtime)
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6
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COPY --from=build /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1 /usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1
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# --- CPIO rootfs builder (used by: docker build --target cpio) ---
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FROM alpine:3.20 AS cpio
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RUN apk add --no-cache cpio findutils
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COPY --from=rootfs / /rootfs/
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RUN cd /rootfs && find . | cpio -o -H newc > /output.cpio 2>/dev/null

‎examples/dotnet-http/Justfile‎

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# dotnet-http (Kestrel) on Hyperlight
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#
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# just run - Run the HTTP server (--port implies --net)
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# just rootfs - Build rootfs via Docker (cross-platform)
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# just build - Build/pull kernel
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# just clean - Remove build artifacts
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set windows-shell := ["powershell.exe", "-NoLogo", "-Command"]
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export DOCKER_BUILDKIT := "0"
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kernel := ".unikraft/build/dotnet-http-hyperlight_hyperlight-x86_64"
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initrd := "initrd.cpio"
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memory := "128Mi"
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image := "dotnet-http-hyperlight"
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# Run the HTTP server (curl http://localhost:8080 to test)
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run:
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hyperlight-unikraft {{kernel}} --initrd {{initrd}} --memory {{memory}} --port 8080 -- /app/KestrelHyperlight
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# Build rootfs via Docker (cross-platform)
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rootfs:
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docker build --platform linux/amd64 --target cpio -t {{image}}-cpio .
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- docker rm -f {{image}}-tmp
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docker create --name {{image}}-tmp {{image}}-cpio /bin/true
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docker cp {{image}}-tmp:/output.cpio ./{{initrd}}
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docker rm -f {{image}}-tmp
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# Build kernel via kraft (Linux)
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[unix]
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build:
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-kraft-hyperlight build --plat hyperlight --arch x86_64
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# Pull pre-built kernel from GHCR (Windows — no kernel published yet)
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[windows]
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build:
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Write-Host "No pre-built kernel for dotnet-http yet. Build on Linux first."
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# Clean + rebuild everything
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rebuild: clean build rootfs
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# Clean build artifacts
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[unix]
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clean:
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rm -rf .unikraft {{initrd}}
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[windows]
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clean:
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if (Test-Path .unikraft) { Remove-Item -Recurse -Force .unikraft }
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if (Test-Path {{initrd}}) { Remove-Item -Force {{initrd}} }

‎examples/dotnet-http/KestrelHyperlight.csproj‎

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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
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<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
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<InvariantGlobalization>true</InvariantGlobalization>
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</PropertyGroup>
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</Project>

‎examples/dotnet-http/Program.cs‎

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var builder = WebApplication.CreateEmptyBuilder(new WebApplicationOptions());
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builder.WebHost.UseKestrelCore();
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var app = builder.Build();
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app.Urls.Add("http://0.0.0.0:8080");
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app.Run(async context =>
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{
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await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello from Kestrel on Hyperlight!");
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});
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Console.WriteLine("Listening on :8080");
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await app.RunAsync();

‎examples/dotnet-http/kraft.yaml‎

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specification: '0.6'
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name: dotnet-http-hyperlight
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unikraft:
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source: https://github.com/unikraft/unikraft.git
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version: plat-hyperlight
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kconfig:
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# Platform
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CONFIG_PLAT_HYPERLIGHT: 'y'
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CONFIG_PAGING: 'n'
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CONFIG_LIBUKVMEM: 'n'
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CONFIG_LIBUKINTCTLR_HYPERLIGHT: 'y'
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CONFIG_HYPERLIGHT_MAX_GUEST_LOG_LEVEL: 0
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# Suppress kernel logging for performance
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CONFIG_LIBUKPRINT_KLVL_CRIT: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBUKPRINT_PRINT_TIME: 'n'
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CONFIG_LIBUKPRINT_PRINT_SRCNAME: 'n'
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CONFIG_LIBUKBOOT_BANNER_NONE: 'y'
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# Size optimization
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CONFIG_OPTIMIZE_SIZE: 'y'
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CONFIG_OPTIMIZE_PIE: 'y'
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# VFS and initrd support
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CONFIG_LIBVFSCORE: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBVFSCORE_AUTOMOUNT_CI: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBVFSCORE_AUTOMOUNT_CI_CUSTOM: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBVFSCORE_AUTOMOUNT_CI0_MP: '/'
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CONFIG_LIBVFSCORE_AUTOMOUNT_CI0_DRIVER: 'cpiovfs'
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CONFIG_LIBVFSCORE_AUTOMOUNT_CI0_UKOPTS_IFINITRD0: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBCPIOVFS: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBUKCPIO: 'y'
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# ELF loader - .NET apphost binary
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CONFIG_APPELFLOADER: 'y'
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CONFIG_APPELFLOADER_VFSEXEC: 'y'
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CONFIG_APPELFLOADER_CUSTOMAPPNAME: 'n'
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CONFIG_APPELFLOADER_VFSEXEC_ENVPATH: 'n'
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CONFIG_APPELFLOADER_VFSEXEC_PATH: '/app/KestrelHyperlight'
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CONFIG_APPELFLOADER_VFSEXEC_EXECBIT_CHECK: 'n'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_ENVIRON_ENVP0: '"PATH=/app:/usr/bin:/bin"'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_ENVIRON_ENVP1: '"DOTNET_GCHeapHardLimit=0x8000000"'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_ENVIRON_ENVP2: '"DOTNET_gcServer=0"'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_ENVIRON_ENVP3: '"DOTNET_EnableWriteXorExecute=0"'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_ENVIRON_ENVP4: '"COMPlus_EnableDiagnostics=0"'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_ENVIRON_ENVP5: '"DOTNET_DefaultStackSize=0x10000"'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_ENVIRON_ENVP6: '"hostBuilder__reloadConfigOnChange=false"'
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CONFIG_LIBELF: 'y'
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# Random number support
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CONFIG_LIBUKRANDOM_CMDLINE_SEED: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBUKRANDOM_GETRANDOM: 'y'
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# Stack size (order 9 = 2^9 pages = 2MB, needed for CoreCLR's 1.5MB alloca)
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CONFIG_STACK_SIZE_PAGE_ORDER: 9
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# Threading support (required for .NET runtime)
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CONFIG_LIBUKBOOT_MAINTHREAD: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_PROCESS_ARCH_PRCTL: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_PROCESS_MULTITHREADING: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_PROCESS_SIGNAL: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_FUTEX: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBUKSCHED: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBUKSCHEDCOOP: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBUKMPI: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBUKLOCK: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBUKLOCK_SEMAPHORE: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBUKLOCK_MUTEX: 'y'
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# mmap needed by CoreCLR memory management
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CONFIG_LIBUKMMAP: 'y'
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# Event/polling support
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_POLL: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_EVENTFD: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_FDIO: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_FDTAB: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBUKFILE: 'y'
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# devfs + /dev/hcall (required for host-proxied networking)
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CONFIG_LIBDEVFS: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBDEVFS_AUTOMOUNT: 'y'
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CONFIG_HYPERLIGHT_HCALL: 'y'
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# Networking: host-proxied sockets
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CONFIG_LIBPOSIX_SOCKET: 'y'
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CONFIG_LIBHOSTSOCK: 'y'
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libraries:
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app-elfloader:
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source: https://github.com/unikraft/app-elfloader.git
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version: plat-hyperlight
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libelf:
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source: https://github.com/unikraft/lib-libelf.git
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version: staging
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targets:
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- architecture: x86_64
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platform: hyperlight

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