docs: add CLAIMS_AUDIT.adoc — Gate G1 mapping-only input

Mapping-only inventory of claim-bearing sentences across user-facing
surfaces (paper abstract + introduction, TYPES extended abstract,
README, GitHub repo description) with proposed (module, theorem)
mappings. Phrase sweep for "graded comonad" / "genuinely different"
across the same plus CLAUDE.md.

`docs/CLOSING_SPRINT.adoc`, `build-card.mjs`, and the LinkedIn draft
were not located; absent surfaces carry explicit LOCATE-FAILED rows
(S-068/S-069 and table-row notes in §"Scope and absent surfaces") so
a downstream session can fill them without renumbering. Gate G1 text
sourced from `roadmap-gates.adoc` §"Gate 1" pending CLOSING_SPRINT
materialisation.

Three CLAUDE.md framings of the retracted "graded comonad of
structured loss" thesis (lines 89-91, 93-95, 1828-1833) flagged as
audit-bias risks. `CLAUDE.md.audit` ships an additive variant: three
inline `[CLAIMS_AUDIT 2026-06-10 — RETRACTED 2026-05-18 …]` markers,
no content deleted, no prose rewritten.

Per the constructor brief: no claim above is judged justified or
unjustified; mapping only.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: hyperpolymath