fix(elixir): make mix test self-contained + repair KRaft membership semantics

[hyperpolymath]

Repairs the Elixir suite that has kept elixir-ci red on main since 2026-06-01 (90/634 failures), surfaced when #122 touched the workflow file and re-triggered the path-filtered jobs.

Root causes fixed:

• test_helper.exs never excluded :integration → 80 federation-adapter integration tests (which require live MongoDB/Redis/Neo4j/ClickHouse/SurrealDB/InfluxDB/MinIO) ran and failed in CI. ExUnit now starts with exclude: [:integration], matching the documented convention (mix test --include integration runs them against the test-infra stack).
• vql_e2e_test.exs: all 8 failures were one missing alias (VQLBridge absent from the alias braces → bare-module UndefinedFunctionError). These tests are designed to pass without the Rust core, so they stay in the unit suite.
• kraft_supervisor_test.exs: stale assertion — Registry.child_spec/1 uses the :name option as the child id.
• kraft_node.ex, two real consensus fixes:
  1. Latest-config-in-log rule (Ongaro §4.1): quorum counting and replication targets now use effective_peers/1 (applied peers + unapplied membership deltas in the log suffix). Previously remove_server deadlocked against the old configuration when a peer was unresponsive, and stale peers' match_index leaked into quorum counting.
  2. Exit-safe peer RPCs: rescue doesn't catch :exit — calls to dead/unregistered peers crashed the RPC tasks. Now treated as failed RPCs (heartbeat/election timer retries), the correct Raft posture.
• kraft_node_test.exs: membership tests spawn a real follower instead of a phantom peer (under the faithful rule, a server that never responds correctly cannot be added), with leadership polling instead of fixed sleeps.
• Coverage job: adapters (integration-only) skipped from the unit-coverage denominator; job renamed — its old name claimed a ≥60% gate while the config gate is 40%.

Verification: all touched files parse-checked and mix format --check-formatted passes locally; full compile + suite runs in CI (this environment's network policy blocks repo.hex.pm, so mix deps.get can't run here — stated plainly rather than simulated).

https://claude.ai/code/session_01E8BpV19yxhf67UrCrvkfTr

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Generated by Claude Code

[github-actions]

🔍 Hypatia Security Scan

Findings: 177 issues detected

Severity	Count
🔴 Critical	17
🟠 High	50
🟡 Medium	110

⚠️ Action Required: Critical security issues found!

View findings

[
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    "reason": "Issue in cflite_pr.yml",
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  {
    "reason": "Issue in codeql.yml",
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    "reason": "Issue in dogfood-gate.yml",
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  {
    "reason": "Issue in elixir-ci.yml",
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    "reason": "Issue in elixir-ci.yml",
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    "reason": "Issue in elixir-ci.yml",
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