ci: fix CI/CD configuration (campaigns C001-C005)

- C001: CodeQL language fixes
- C002: License identifier standardization
- C003: Outdated actions audit
- C004: Pin standards refs to SHA 861b5e9
- C005: Add workflow-level permissions

Author: hyperpolymath

.github/workflows/governance.yml

@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ permissions:
 
 jobs:
   governance:
-    uses: hyperpolymath/standards/.github/workflows/governance-reusable.yml@main
+    uses: hyperpolymath/standards/.github/workflows/governance-reusable.yml@861b5e911d9e5dcfb3c0ab3dd2a9a3c8fd0a1613