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title Setup Tomcat Benchmark Environment
weight 2
layout learningpathall

Before You Begin

  • There are numerous performance analysis methods and tools for Java applications, among which the call stack flame graph method is regarded as a conventional entry-level approach. Therefore, generating flame graphs is considered a basic operation.
  • Various methods and tools are available for generating Java flame graphs, including async-profiler, Java Agent, jstack, JFR (Java Flight Recorder), etc.
  • This LP (Learning Path) focuses on introducing two simple and easy-to-use methods: async-profiler and Java Agent.

Setup Benchmark Server - Tomcat

  • Apache Tomcat is an open-source Java Servlet container that enables running Java web applications, handling HTTP requests and serving dynamic content.
  • As a core component in Java web development, Apache Tomcat supports Servlet, JSP, and WebSocket technologies, providing a lightweight runtime environment for web apps.
  1. So you should install Java Development Kit (JDK) first.
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y openjdk-21-jdk
  1. Second, you can install Tomcat by either building it from source or downloading the pre-built package simply from the official website
wget -c https://dlcdn.apache.org/tomcat/tomcat-11/v11.0.9/bin/apache-tomcat-11.0.9.tar.gz
tar xzf apache-tomcat-11.0.9.tar.gz
  1. If you intend to access the built-in Examples of Tomcat via an intranet IP or even an external IP, you need to modify a configuration file.
vim apache-tomcat-11.0.9/webapps/examples/META-INF/context.xml
# change <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve" allow="127\.\d+\.\d+\.\d+|::1|0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1" />
# to
# <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve" allow=".*" />

# now you can start Tomcat Server
./apache-tomcat-11.0.9/bin/startup.sh
  1. If you can access the page at "http://${tomcat_ip}:8080/examples" via a browser, congratulations-you can proceed to the next benchmarking step.

example image alt-text#center

example image alt-text#center

Setup Benchmark Client - wrk2

  • wrk2 is a high-performance HTTP benchmarking tool specialized in generating constant throughput loads and measuring latency percentiles for web services.
  • As an enhanced version of wrk, wrk2 provides accurate latency statistics under controlled request rates, ideal for performance testing of HTTP servers.
  1. If you intend to use wrk2, you should install some essential tools before build it.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libssl-dev git zlib1g-dev
  1. Now you can clone and build it from source.
sudo git clone https://github.com/giltene/wrk2.git
cd wrk2
sudo make
# move the executable to somewhere in your PATH
sudo cp wrk /usr/local/bin
  1. Finally, you can run the benchamrk of Tomcat through wrk2.
wrk -c32 -t16 -R50000 -d60 http://${tomcat_ip}:8080/examples/servlets/servlet/HelloWorldExample
    Below is the output of wrk2

Running 1m test @ http://172.26.203.139:8080/examples/servlets/servlet/HelloWorldExample
  16 threads and 32 connections
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.986ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.984ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.999ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.994ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.983ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.989ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.991ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.993ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.985ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.990ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.987ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.990ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.984ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.991ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.978ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread calibration: mean lat.: 0.976ms, rate sampling interval: 10ms
  Thread Stats   Avg      Stdev     Max   +/- Stdev
    Latency     1.00ms  454.90us   5.09ms   63.98%
    Req/Sec     3.31k   241.68     4.89k    63.83%
  2999817 requests in 1.00m, 1.56GB read
Requests/sec:  49997.08
Transfer/sec:     26.57MB