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examples/ipv6/pmipv6: network-based mobility handover example + fingerprint
One LMA, two MAGs, a correspondent node, and a single wireless mobile node (a plain IPv6 host with no mobility software) that roams from mag1 to mag2. Each MAG registers the node with the LMA on attachment and advertises the home network prefix, so the node keeps a constant address across the handover; the correspondent node's pings follow it (only a few packets lost during the L2 re-binding window). Adds a tplx/~tNl/~tND/tyf fingerprint test.
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‎examples/ipv6/pmipv6/Pmipv6Network.ned‎

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//
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// Copyright (C) 2026 OpenSim Ltd.
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//
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-or-later
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//
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package inet.examples.ipv6.pmipv6;
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import inet.networklayer.configurator.ipv6.Ipv6NetworkConfigurator;
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import inet.node.ipv6.StandardHost6;
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import inet.node.pmipv6.LocalMobilityAnchor;
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import inet.node.pmipv6.MobileAccessGateway;
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import inet.node.mipv6.WirelessHost6;
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import inet.physicallayer.wireless.ieee80211.packetlevel.Ieee80211ScalarRadioMedium;
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channel ethernetline extends ned.DatarateChannel
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{
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parameters:
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delay = 0.1us;
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datarate = 100Mbps;
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}
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//
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// A Proxy Mobile IPv6 (RFC 5213) domain with one Local Mobility Anchor and two
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// Mobile Access Gateways. A single mobile node -- a plain wireless IPv6 host with
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// no mobility software -- starts under mag1 and roams to mag2. Each gateway, on
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// detecting the attachment, registers the mobile node with the anchor on its
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// behalf and advertises the node's home network prefix on the access link, so the
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// node keeps its address throughout. A correspondent node behind the anchor
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// exchanges traffic with the mobile node across the handover.
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//
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network Pmipv6Network
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{
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parameters:
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**.mgmt.numChannels = 5;
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**.ipv6.configurator.networkConfiguratorModule = "configurator";
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@display("bgb=800,500");
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submodules:
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configurator: Ipv6NetworkConfigurator {
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parameters:
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config = xmldoc("config.xml");
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// the mobile node autoconfigures its (home) address via SLAAC from the MAG's RA
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assignAddressesToHosts = false;
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@display("p=80,60;is=s");
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}
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radioMedium: Ieee80211ScalarRadioMedium {
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parameters:
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@display("p=80,160;is=s");
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}
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lma: LocalMobilityAnchor {
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parameters:
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@display("p=400,150;i=abstract/router");
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}
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cn: StandardHost6 {
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parameters:
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@display("p=400,60");
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}
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mag1: MobileAccessGateway {
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parameters:
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@display("p=250,260");
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}
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mag2: MobileAccessGateway {
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parameters:
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@display("p=550,260");
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}
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mn: WirelessHost6 {
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parameters:
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@display("p=250,400");
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}
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connections allowunconnected:
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cn.ethg++ <--> ethernetline <--> lma.ethg++;
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mag1.ethg++ <--> ethernetline <--> lma.ethg++;
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mag2.ethg++ <--> ethernetline <--> lma.ethg++;
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}

‎examples/ipv6/pmipv6/README‎

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Proxy Mobile IPv6 (RFC 5213)
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============================
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This example demonstrates network-based mobility management with Proxy Mobile
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IPv6 (RFC 5213). In contrast to Mobile IPv6 (see examples/ipv6/mipv6*), the
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mobile node runs NO mobility software: it is a plain wireless IPv6 host that
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simply autoconfigures an address from Router Advertisements. The network does
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all the mobility work, through two entities:
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- the Local Mobility Anchor (LMA, node `lma`): the topological anchor for the
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mobile node's home network prefix; it holds the binding cache and one end of
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the tunnel to each access gateway; and
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- two Mobile Access Gateways (MAGs, nodes `mag1` and `mag2`): access routers
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that double as 802.11 access points. When the mobile node attaches, the
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serving MAG sends a Proxy Binding Update to the LMA on the node's behalf,
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sets up a bidirectional tunnel to the LMA, and advertises the node's home
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network prefix on the access link.
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Topology:
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cn --- lma === mag1 (( )) mn ... roams ... mag2
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\ /
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=================================
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`cn` (correspondent node) and the two MAGs hang off the LMA on separate wired
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links. `mn` (mobile node) is wireless.
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Scenario (config General):
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- `mn` starts in mag1's coverage, associates, and mag1 registers it with the
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LMA. The LMA routes the home network prefix (2001:db8:1::/64) into the tunnel
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toward mag1, and mag1 advertises that prefix on its access link, so `mn`
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autoconfigures its home address 2001:db8:1:0:8aa:ff:fe00:b.
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- At t=20s `mn` moves toward mag2. When it re-associates there, mag2 registers
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it with the LMA, which re-points the prefix route toward mag2. Because mag2
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advertises the SAME prefix, `mn` keeps the SAME address across the handover.
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- `cn` pings `mn`'s home address throughout. The echo replies follow `mn`
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across the handover (a few packets are lost only during the brief L2
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re-association/re-binding window), demonstrating session continuity.
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What to look for:
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- the Proxy Binding Update / Acknowledgement exchanges (mag1->lma, then
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mag2->lma after the move) and the "LMA handover: re-pointing prefix" log line;
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- `mn`'s address stays constant before and after the handover;
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- the correspondent node's ping loss rate is near zero.
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Files:
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- Pmipv6Network.ned - the topology
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- config.xml - IPv6 addressing of the wired links (access links are
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left unconfigured; the home prefix is advertised
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dynamically by the serving MAG)
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- movement.xml - the mobile node's movement schedule
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- omnetpp.ini - simulation parameters, including the per-MAG PMIPv6
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policy (mobile-node identifier, home network prefix, LMA)

‎examples/ipv6/pmipv6/config.xml‎

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<config>
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<!-- Only the wired (backhaul) interfaces are configured here. The access
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(wlan) interfaces of the MAGs are deliberately left unconfigured: they
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advertise Router Advertisements (because the node is a router) but carry
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NO statically-assigned global prefix. The mobile node's home network
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prefix (2001:db8:1::/64) is advertised dynamically by the serving MAG. -->
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<!-- LMA <-> correspondent node link (the CN autoconfigures from the LMA's RA) -->
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<interface hosts="lma" towards="cn" address="2001:db8:ff::1"/>
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<!-- LMA <-> MAG1 backhaul -->
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<interface hosts="lma" towards="mag1" address="2001:db8:0:1::1"/>
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<interface hosts="mag1" towards="lma" address="2001:db8:0:1::2"/>
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<!-- LMA <-> MAG2 backhaul -->
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<interface hosts="lma" towards="mag2" address="2001:db8:0:2::1"/>
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<interface hosts="mag2" towards="lma" address="2001:db8:0:2::2"/>
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</config>

‎examples/ipv6/pmipv6/movement.xml‎

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<movement>
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<!-- The mobile node starts under mag1, dwells, then dashes to mag2's coverage
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area, performing a single PMIPv6 handover, then dwells again. -->
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<set x="250" y="400"/>
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<set speed="20"/>
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<wait t="20"/>
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<moveto x="550" y="400"/>
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<wait t="100"/>
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</movement>

‎examples/ipv6/pmipv6/omnetpp.ini‎

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#
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# Proxy Mobile IPv6 (RFC 5213) example: a single mobile node -- a plain wireless
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# IPv6 host running NO mobility software -- attaches under mag1 and then roams to
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# mag2. Each Mobile Access Gateway detects the attachment at the link layer,
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# registers the node with the Local Mobility Anchor on its behalf (Proxy Binding
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# Update / Acknowledgement), tunnels the node's traffic to/from the anchor, and
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# advertises the node's home network prefix on the access link. The node keeps the
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# same address across the handover; a correspondent node's traffic follows it.
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#
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[General]
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network = Pmipv6Network
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seed-set = 1
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num-rngs = 3
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**.mobility.rng-0 = 2 # give the mobility its own RNG, isolated from the wireless MAC
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sim-time-limit = 60s
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# --- PMIPv6 configuration ---------------------------------------------------
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# Both MAGs serve the same mobile node (same identifier and home network prefix),
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# so the node keeps its address when it moves from one to the other. Each MAG
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# registers with the LMA via the LMA's address on its own backhaul link.
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*.mag1.ipv6.pmipv6.localMobilityAnchorAddress = "2001:db8:0:1::1"
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*.mag2.ipv6.pmipv6.localMobilityAnchorAddress = "2001:db8:0:2::1"
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*.mag*.ipv6.pmipv6.mobileNodeProfiles = xml("<mobileNodes><mobileNode id='mn1@example.com' homeNetworkPrefix='2001:db8:1::' prefixLength='64'/></mobileNodes>")
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# --- wireless access links --------------------------------------------------
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*.mag*.numWlanInterfaces = 1
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*.mn.numWlanInterfaces = 1
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# MAG access points: SSIDs, fixed MAC addresses, one channel each
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**.mag*.wlan*.mgmt.beaconInterval = 0.1s
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*.mag1.wlan*.mgmt.ssid = "MAG1"
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*.mag1.wlan*.address = "10:AA:00:00:01:01"
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*.mag1.wlan*.radio.channelNumber = 0
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*.mag2.wlan*.mgmt.ssid = "MAG2"
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*.mag2.wlan*.address = "10:AA:00:00:02:01"
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*.mag2.wlan*.radio.channelNumber = 1
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# Mobile node: a known MAC so its home address is deterministic
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# (home prefix 2001:db8:1::/64 + EUI-64 of 0A:AA:00:00:00:0B).
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*.mn.wlan*.address = "0A:AA:00:00:00:0B"
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*.mn.wlan*.agent.channelsToScan = "0 1"
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*.mn.wlan*.agent.probeDelay = 0.1s
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*.mn.wlan*.agent.minChannelTime = 0.15s
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*.mn.wlan*.agent.maxChannelTime = 0.3s
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*.mn.wlan*.agent.authenticationTimeout = 5s
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*.mn.wlan*.agent.associationTimeout = 5s
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**.mgmt.numChannels = 5
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**.wlan*.bitrate = 2Mbps
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**.wlan*.mac.dcf.channelAccess.cwMin = 7
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# wireless channel physical parameters
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*.radioMedium.mediumLimitCache.maxTransmissionPower = 2.0mW
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*.radioMedium.mediumLimitCache.minReceptionPower = -82dBm
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*.radioMedium.mediumLimitCache.minInterferencePower = -82dBm
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**.radio.transmitter.power = 2.0mW
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**.analogModel.ignorePartialInterference = true
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# quick movement detection: short RA intervals + L2-triggered router discovery
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**.neighbourDiscovery.minIntervalBetweenRAs = 1s
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**.neighbourDiscovery.maxIntervalBetweenRAs = 3s
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# --- mobility ---------------------------------------------------------------
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*.mag1.mobility.typename = "StationaryMobility"
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*.mag1.mobility.initialX = 250m
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*.mag1.mobility.initialY = 260m
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*.mag2.mobility.typename = "StationaryMobility"
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*.mag2.mobility.initialX = 550m
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*.mag2.mobility.initialY = 260m
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*.mn.mobility.typename = "TurtleMobility"
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*.mn.mobility.turtleScript = xmldoc("movement.xml")
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*.mn.mobility.updateInterval = 0.1s
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**.mobility.constraintAreaMinZ = 0m
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**.mobility.constraintAreaMaxZ = 0m
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**.constraintAreaMinX = 0m
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**.constraintAreaMinY = 0m
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**.constraintAreaMaxX = 800m
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**.constraintAreaMaxY = 500m
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# --- applications -----------------------------------------------------------
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# The correspondent node pings the mobile node's stable home address throughout
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# the simulation; the echo replies follow the node across the handover, showing
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# session continuity. The destination is the deterministic home address
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# (home prefix + the mobile node's EUI-64 interface id).
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*.cn.numApps = 1
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*.cn.app[0].typename = "PingApp"
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*.cn.app[0].destAddr = "2001:db8:1:0:8aa:ff:fe00:b"
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*.cn.app[0].packetSize = 56B
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*.cn.app[0].sendInterval = 0.5s
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*.cn.app[0].startTime = 8s
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*.cn.app[0].hopLimit = 32
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# hosts do not forward; the LMA and MAGs forward by virtue of their NED type
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*.cn.forwarding = false
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*.mn.forwarding = false
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# Ethernet queues
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**.eth[*].queue.typename = "EthernetQosQueue"
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**.eth[*].queue.dataQueue.typename = "DropTailQueue"
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**.eth[*].queue.dataQueue.packetCapacity = 100

‎tests/fingerprint/examples.csv‎

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/examples/ipv6/mipv6/, -f omnetpp.ini -c Handover -r 0, 70s, c5da-e27c/tplx;9413-63a6/~tNl;fbfb-2417/~tND;44ef-1a45/tyf, PASS, wireless EthernetMac
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/examples/ipv6/mipv6/, -f omnetpp.ini -c RouteOptimizationTwoCNs -r 0, 60s, d35f-dc03/tplx;7425-2b8e/~tNl;a47a-f278/~tND;ed3e-17fa/tyf, PASS, wireless EthernetMac
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/examples/ipv6/mipv6roaming/, -f omnetpp.ini -c Roaming -r 0, 70s, 88e2-ca2b/tplx;bdcc-fe8e/~tNl;a891-bcda/~tND;afae-2b3c/tyf, PASS, wireless EthernetMac
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/examples/ipv6/pmipv6/, -f omnetpp.ini -c General -r 0, 60s, 4b26-5f33/tplx;6c5e-3ae5/~tNl;262c-1c80/~tND;0277-d784/tyf, PASS, wireless EthernetMac
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/examples/mobility/, -f omnetpp.ini -c AnsimMobility -r 0, 10000s, 72f8-5c0b/tplx;0000-0000/~tNl;0000-0000/~tND;7dd1-18eb/tyf, PASS,
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/examples/mobility, -f omnetpp.ini -c AttachedMobility, 10s, 566c-6355/tplx;0000-0000/~tNl;0000-0000/~tND;fa92-f68c/tyf, PASS,

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