diff --git a/src/background/container.ts b/src/background/container.ts
index bf547f65a..54f0a0821 100644
--- a/src/background/container.ts
+++ b/src/background/container.ts
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ import {
   EventsService,
   Heartbeat,
   Deduplicator,
+  PaymentSession,
+  PaymentManager,
 } from './services';
 import { createLogger, type Logger, type RootLogger } from '@/shared/logger';
 import { LOG_LEVEL } from '@/shared/defines';
@@ -59,6 +61,8 @@ export interface Cradle {
   tabState: TabState;
   windowState: WindowState;
   heartbeat: Heartbeat;
+  PaymentSession: typeof PaymentSession;
+  PaymentManager: typeof PaymentManager;
 }
 
 export const configureContainer = () => {
@@ -134,6 +138,8 @@ export const configureContainer = () => {
         logger: logger.getLogger('window-state'),
       })),
     heartbeat: asClass(Heartbeat).singleton(),
+    PaymentSession: asValue(PaymentSession),
+    PaymentManager: asValue(PaymentManager),
   });
 
   return container;
diff --git a/src/background/services/index.ts b/src/background/services/index.ts
index 6bae3fb97..870c69575 100644
--- a/src/background/services/index.ts
+++ b/src/background/services/index.ts
@@ -11,3 +11,5 @@ export { SendToPort } from './sendToPort';
 export { EventsService } from './events';
 export { Deduplicator } from './deduplicator';
 export { Heartbeat } from './heartbeat';
+export { PaymentManager } from './paymentManager';
+export { PaymentSession } from './paymentSession';
diff --git a/src/background/services/monetization.ts b/src/background/services/monetization.ts
index d49f4a7ac..c49d65856 100644
--- a/src/background/services/monetization.ts
+++ b/src/background/services/monetization.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import type {
   StartMonetizationPayload,
   StopMonetizationPayload,
 } from '@/shared/messages';
-import { PaymentManager } from './paymentManager';
 import { getSender, getTabId } from '@/background/utils';
 import { OUTGOING_PAYMENT_POLLING_MAX_DURATION } from '@/background/config';
 import {
@@ -29,6 +28,8 @@ export class MonetizationService {
   private tabState: Cradle['tabState'];
   private windowState: Cradle['windowState'];
   private message: Cradle['message'];
+  private PaymentSession: Cradle['PaymentSession'];
+  private PaymentManager: Cradle['PaymentManager'];
 
   constructor({
     logger,
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ export class MonetizationService {
     tabState,
     windowState,
     message,
+    PaymentSession,
+    PaymentManager,
   }: Cradle) {
     Object.assign(this, {
       logger,
@@ -53,6 +56,8 @@ export class MonetizationService {
       tabState,
       windowState,
       message,
+      PaymentSession,
+      PaymentManager,
     });
 
     this.registerEventListeners();
@@ -93,7 +98,7 @@ export class MonetizationService {
     let paymentManager = this.tabState.paymentManagers.get(tabId);
     if (!paymentManager) {
       const url = removeQueryParams(this.tabState.url.get(tabId) || fullUrl!);
-      paymentManager = new PaymentManager(
+      paymentManager = new this.PaymentManager(
         tabId,
         url,
         connectedWallet,
@@ -109,6 +114,7 @@ export class MonetizationService {
           ),
           rootLogger: this.rootLogger,
           message: this.message,
+          PaymentSession: this.PaymentSession,
         },
       );
       this.tabState.paymentManagers.set(tabId, paymentManager);
diff --git a/src/background/services/paymentManager.ts b/src/background/services/paymentManager.ts
index 2ecebd442..de4ecae25 100644
--- a/src/background/services/paymentManager.ts
+++ b/src/background/services/paymentManager.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import type {
   WalletAddress,
 } from '@interledger/open-payments';
 import type { Cradle as Cradle_ } from '@/background/container';
-import { PaymentSession } from './paymentSession';
+import type { PaymentSession } from './paymentSession';
 import {
   MIN_PAYMENT_WAIT,
   OUTGOING_PAYMENT_POLLING_MAX_ATTEMPTS,
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ import {
   sleep,
   Timeout,
 } from '@/shared/helpers';
-import { isOutOfBalanceError } from './openPayments';
 
 type Cradle = Pick<
   Cradle_,
@@ -29,6 +28,7 @@ type Cradle = Pick<
   | 'events'
   | 'tabState'
   | 'message'
+  | 'PaymentSession'
 >;
 
 /** Payable amount to increase by {@linkcode Interval.units} every {@linkcode Interval.duration}ms. */
@@ -159,7 +159,6 @@ export class PaymentManager {
         this.tabId,
         this.sender,
         this.rootLogger,
-        PaymentSession,
         this.deps,
       );
       this.streams.set(frameId, stream);
@@ -202,6 +201,7 @@ export class PaymentManager {
     payableSessions: PaymentSession[],
     signal?: AbortSignal,
   ) {
+    const { isOutOfBalanceError } = await import('./openPayments');
     const outgoingPayments = new Map<string, OutgoingPayment | null>(
       payableSessions.map((session, i) => [
         session.id,
@@ -497,8 +497,7 @@ export class PaymentStream {
     private readonly tabId: TabId,
     private sender: WalletAddress,
     private rootLogger: Cradle['rootLogger'],
-    private PaymentSessionConstructor: typeof PaymentSession,
-    private deps: ConstructorParameters<typeof PaymentSession>[6],
+    private deps: Cradle,
   ) {
     this.iter = this.sessionsIter(this);
   }
@@ -510,7 +509,7 @@ export class PaymentStream {
       session.enable(); // if was disabled earlier
       return session;
     }
-    session = new this.PaymentSessionConstructor(
+    session = new this.deps.PaymentSession(
       receiver,
       sessionId,
       this.tabId,