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What Selenium is All About

This is how Selenium HQ defines it:

Selenium automates browsers. That's it! What you do with that power is entirely up to you.

Selenium is an umbrella project encapsulating a variety of tools and libraries enabling web browser automation.

SeleniumHQ Projects

  • Selenium WebDriver - can drive a browser natively either locally or on remote machines.
  • Selenium Grid - extending selenium RC / selenium server to allow runnings tests on different machines/VMs at the same time
  • Selenium IDE - Chrome and Firefox Extension
  • Selenium Remote Control - client/server system that allows control of web browsers locally or on other computers
  • HTML Runner - Allows run Test Suites (exports from Selenium IDE) from the command line.

Some historical information

  • Selenium RC

    • A server written in JAVA
    • Accepts commands via HTTP
    • Loads javascript libraries along with Web Application Under Test.
    • Deprecated in favor of Selenium WebDriver

  • Selenium WebDriver

    • Selenium 2.0
      • Selenium 1.0 + WebDriver
    • Selenium 3.0
      • Original Selenium Core is removed
      • Better, more object-oriented API
      • Evolution of w3c webdriver specification
      • Development of webdrivers shifted from SeleniumHQ to browser providers (chromedriver, geckodriver, safaridriver,webdriver)
      • Mobile automation support got removed and shifted to Appium
    • Selenium 4.0 (Alpha)
      • Optimizations to selenium grid (Each conceptual piece in its own process i.e. sessions, distributor, router, nodes)
      • Better support for dockers
      • Remove support for further browsers (Opera, PhantomJS, HtmlUnit)
      • Compliance with new w3c webdriver
      • API changes

  • Selenium IDE

    • Support stopped in 2017
    • Came back again to life in 2018 with using modern browser plugin. Therefore available with Chrome and Firefox
      • The new Selenium IDE test suites can be exported and run through command line

Some Key Benefits

We can use Selenium WebDriver to do the following:

  • Create robust, browser-based regression automation
  • Scale and distribute scripts across many browsers and platforms
  • Create scripts in your favourite programming language

Further Reading Material

  1. https://www.seleniumhq.org/
  2. https://docs.seleniumhq.org/docs/
  3. https://seleniumhq.github.io/docs/site/en/
  4. https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium
  5. https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/selenium-users
  6. https://twitter.com/seleniumhq
  7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium_(software)#History
  8. https://seleniumhq.wordpress.com/2013/08/28/the-road-to-selenium-3/
  9. https://saucelabs.com/blog/move-over-selenium-2-why-its-time-to-upgrade-to-selenium-3
  10. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-selenium-3-0-and-selenium-2-0
  11. https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/Selenium-Grid-4
  12. https://testsigma.com/blog/selenium-4-automation-engineer-expect/
  13. https://medium.com/@4400vijay/selenium-4-alpha-is-released-whats-new-7fce5e8cd926
  14. https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/javascript/