docs: add vector benchmark and diagram

Author: jeresoftx

Cargo.toml

@@ -24,3 +24,8 @@ path = "examples/soluciones/vector_insert_sorted.rs"
 [[example]]
 name = "solution_vector_retain_prefix"
 path = "examples/soluciones/vector_retain_prefix.rs"
+
+[[bench]]
+name = "vector_bench"
+path = "benches/vector_bench.rs"
+harness = false

benches/vector_bench.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+use rust_data_structures::vector::Vector;
+use std::hint::black_box;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+const SIZE: usize = 20_000;
+
+fn main() {
+    println!("vector benchmark (manual, std::time::Instant)");
+    println!("size: {SIZE}");
+    println!("push growth: {:?}", bench_push_growth());
+    println!("random access: {:?}", bench_random_access());
+    println!("insert front: {:?}", bench_insert_front());
+    println!("insert back: {:?}", bench_insert_back());
+}
+
+fn bench_push_growth() -> Duration {
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut values = Vector::new();
+
+    for value in 0..SIZE {
+        values.push(black_box(value));
+    }
+
+    black_box(values.len());
+    start.elapsed()
+}
+
+fn bench_random_access() -> Duration {
+    let mut values = Vector::with_capacity(SIZE);
+    for value in 0..SIZE {
+        values.push(value);
+    }
+
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut sum = 0usize;
+
+    for index in 0..SIZE {
+        sum += *values.get(black_box(index)).expect("index inside vector");
+    }
+
+    black_box(sum);
+    start.elapsed()
+}
+
+fn bench_insert_front() -> Duration {
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut values = Vector::new();
+
+    for value in 0..SIZE {
+        values.insert(0, black_box(value)).expect("front is valid");
+    }
+
+    black_box(values.len());
+    start.elapsed()
+}
+
+fn bench_insert_back() -> Duration {
+    let start = Instant::now();
+    let mut values = Vector::new();
+
+    for value in 0..SIZE {
+        values
+            .insert(values.len(), black_box(value))
+            .expect("len is valid insertion point");
+    }
+
+    black_box(values.len());
+    start.elapsed()
+}

diagrams/01-vector.mmd

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+flowchart LR
+    title["Vector: longitud, capacidad y memoria contigua"]
+
+    subgraph metadata["Metadatos"]
+        len["len = 3"]
+        cap["capacity = 6"]
+    end
+
+    subgraph memory["Bloque contiguo"]
+        slot0["0: A"]
+        slot1["1: B"]
+        slot2["2: C"]
+        slot3["3: libre"]
+        slot4["4: libre"]
+        slot5["5: libre"]
+    end
+
+    len --> slot2
+    cap --> slot5
+    slot0 --> slot1 --> slot2 --> slot3 --> slot4 --> slot5
+
+    push["push(D)"]
+    push --> slot3
+
+    grow["Si len == capacity: crecer y mover"]
+    cap --> grow