fix: backend-agnostic improvements for multi-backend SQL support

[kushalbakshi]

Improves DataJoint's adapter abstraction to properly support non-MySQL backends. These changes benefit PostgreSQL and enable third-party adapter registration.

Changes:

• Add make_full_table_name() to adapter ABC — centralizes table name construction (was hardcoded in 5 files)
• Add foreign_key_action_clause property — FK referential actions via adapter (was hardcoded in declare.py)
• Use fetchone() instead of rowcount for existence checks — DBAPI2 does not guarantee rowcount for non-DML statements (table.py, schemas.py)
• Guard transaction methods against empty SQL — supports backends without multi-table transactions (connection.py)
• Use adapter.quote_identifier() for job metadata columns — fixes PostgreSQL which uses double-quotes (autopopulate.py)
• Use adapter.split_full_table_name() for name parsing — backend- agnostic instead of manual split (declare.py)
• Route lineage table check through adapter — catalog-qualified queries for backends with namespaced information_schema (lineage.py)
• Add "bytes"/"binary" to blob type detection list — supports backends that use BINARY instead of longblob (codecs.py)
• Extend backend Literal to accept third-party adapter names (settings.py)