From cba63a6656e96cd40b9f97c7d6a6196db123f9a0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Vova Kolmakov <wombatukun@apache.org>
Date: Tue, 31 Mar 2026 12:59:25 +0700
Subject: [PATCH] feat: add Rust BaseLanceNamespace that provides an
 implementation of all APIs through the Lance core SDK

---
 rust/Cargo.lock                       | 5645 +++++++++++++++++++++++--
 rust/Cargo.toml                       |    5 +-
 rust/lance-namespace-base/Cargo.toml  |   44 +
 rust/lance-namespace-base/src/base.rs | 5091 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 rust/lance-namespace-base/src/lib.rs  |   31 +
 5 files changed, 10371 insertions(+), 445 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 rust/lance-namespace-base/Cargo.toml
 create mode 100644 rust/lance-namespace-base/src/base.rs
 create mode 100644 rust/lance-namespace-base/src/lib.rs

diff --git a/rust/Cargo.lock b/rust/Cargo.lock
index e1e9bb03..c07b2c2f 100644
--- a/rust/Cargo.lock
+++ b/rust/Cargo.lock
@@ -2,15 +2,6 @@
 # It is not intended for manual editing.
 version = 4
 
-[[package]]
-name = "addr2line"
-version = "0.24.2"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dfbe277e56a376000877090da837660b4427aad530e3028d44e0bffe4f89a1c1"
-dependencies = [
- "gimli",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "adler2"
 version = "2.0.1"
@@ -18,681 +9,4161 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "320119579fcad9c21884f5c4861d16174d0e06250625266f50fe6898340abefa"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "async-compression"
-version = "0.4.30"
+name = "aes"
+version = "0.8.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "977eb15ea9efd848bb8a4a1a2500347ed7f0bf794edf0dc3ddcf439f43d36b23"
+checksum = "b169f7a6d4742236a0a00c541b845991d0ac43e546831af1249753ab4c3aa3a0"
 dependencies = [
- "compression-codecs",
- "compression-core",
- "futures-core",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "tokio",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "cipher",
+ "cpufeatures",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "atomic-waker"
-version = "1.1.2"
+name = "ahash"
+version = "0.8.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1505bd5d3d116872e7271a6d4e16d81d0c8570876c8de68093a09ac269d8aac0"
+checksum = "5a15f179cd60c4584b8a8c596927aadc462e27f2ca70c04e0071964a73ba7a75"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "const-random",
+ "getrandom 0.3.3",
+ "once_cell",
+ "version_check",
+ "zerocopy",
+]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "backtrace"
-version = "0.3.75"
+name = "aho-corasick"
+version = "1.1.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "6806a6321ec58106fea15becdad98371e28d92ccbc7c8f1b3b6dd724fe8f1002"
+checksum = "ddd31a130427c27518df266943a5308ed92d4b226cc639f5a8f1002816174301"
 dependencies = [
- "addr2line",
- "cfg-if",
- "libc",
- "miniz_oxide",
- "object",
- "rustc-demangle",
- "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+ "memchr",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "base64"
-version = "0.22.1"
+name = "alloc-no-stdlib"
+version = "2.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "72b3254f16251a8381aa12e40e3c4d2f0199f8c6508fbecb9d91f575e0fbb8c6"
+checksum = "cc7bb162ec39d46ab1ca8c77bf72e890535becd1751bb45f64c597edb4c8c6b3"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "bitflags"
-version = "2.9.4"
+name = "alloc-stdlib"
+version = "0.2.2"
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-checksum = "2261d10cca569e4643e526d8dc2e62e433cc8aba21ab764233731f8d369bf394"
+checksum = "94fb8275041c72129eb51b7d0322c29b8387a0386127718b096429201a5d6ece"
+dependencies = [
+ "alloc-no-stdlib",
+]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "bumpalo"
-version = "3.19.0"
+name = "allocator-api2"
+version = "0.2.21"
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-checksum = "46c5e41b57b8bba42a04676d81cb89e9ee8e859a1a66f80a5a72e1cb76b34d43"
+checksum = "683d7910e743518b0e34f1186f92494becacb047c7b6bf616c96772180fef923"
 
 [[package]]
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+name = "android_system_properties"
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-checksum = "d71b6127be86fdcfddb610f7182ac57211d4b18a3e9c82eb2d17662f2227ad6a"
+checksum = "819e7219dbd41043ac279b19830f2efc897156490d7fd6ea916720117ee66311"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+]
 
 [[package]]
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+name = "anyhow"
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+checksum = "7f202df86484c868dbad7eaa557ef785d5c66295e41b460ef922eca0723b842c"
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "a07d1f37ff60921c83bdfc7407723bdefe89b44b98a9b772f225c8f9d67141a6"
 dependencies = [
- "find-msvc-tools",
- "shlex",
+ "rustversion",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
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 dependencies = [
- "compression-core",
- "flate2",
- "memchr",
+ "arrow-arith",
+ "arrow-array",
+ "arrow-buffer",
+ "arrow-cast",
+ "arrow-csv",
+ "arrow-data",
+ "arrow-ipc",
+ "arrow-json",
+ "arrow-ord",
+ "arrow-row",
+ "arrow-schema",
+ "arrow-select",
+ "arrow-string",
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 [[package]]
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 dependencies = [
- "core-foundation-sys",
- "libc",
+ "ahash",
+ "arrow-buffer",
+ "arrow-data",
+ "arrow-schema",
+ "chrono",
+ "chrono-tz",
+ "half",
+ "hashbrown 0.16.1",
+ "num-complex",
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+ "arrow-array",
+ "arrow-buffer",
+ "arrow-data",
+ "arrow-ord",
+ "arrow-schema",
+ "arrow-select",
+ "atoi",
+ "base64",
+ "chrono",
+ "comfy-table",
+ "half",
+ "lexical-core",
+ "num-traits",
+ "ryu",
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 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
+ "arrow-array",
+ "arrow-cast",
+ "arrow-schema",
+ "chrono",
+ "csv",
+ "csv-core",
+ "regex",
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- "cfg-if",
+ "arrow-buffer",
+ "arrow-schema",
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+ "arrow-buffer",
+ "arrow-data",
+ "arrow-schema",
+ "arrow-select",
+ "flatbuffers",
+ "lz4_flex 0.12.1",
+ "zstd",
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+ "half",
+ "indexmap",
+ "itoa",
+ "lexical-core",
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+ "num-traits",
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 dependencies = [
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- "miniz_oxide",
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+ "regex",
+ "regex-syntax",
+]
 
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+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
 
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- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
+ "compression-codecs",
+ "compression-core",
+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
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- "futures-macro",
- "futures-sink",
- "futures-task",
- "memchr",
- "pin-project-lite",
- "pin-utils",
- "slab",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
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 dependencies = [
- "cfg-if",
- "js-sys",
- "libc",
- "wasi 0.11.1+wasi-snapshot-preview1",
- "wasm-bindgen",
+ "loom",
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- "cfg-if",
- "js-sys",
- "libc",
- "r-efi",
- "wasi 0.14.7+wasi-0.2.4",
- "wasm-bindgen",
+ "num-traits",
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+name = "atomic-waker"
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+checksum = "8a8fc176d53d6fe85017f230405e3255cedb4a02221cb55ed6d76dccbbb099b2"
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-checksum = "8b870d8c151b6f2fb93e84a13146138f05d02ed11c7e7c54f8826aaaf7c9f184"
+checksum = "091397be61a01d4be58e7841595bd4bfedb15f1cd54977d79b8271e94ed799a3"
+dependencies = [
+ "portable-atomic",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "potential_utf"
@@ -703,6 +4174,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "zerovec",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "powerfmt"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "439ee305def115ba05938db6eb1644ff94165c5ab5e9420d1c1bcedbba909391"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "ppv-lite86"
 version = "0.2.21"
@@ -712,6 +4189,16 @@ dependencies = [
  "zerocopy",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "prettyplease"
+version = "0.2.37"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "479ca8adacdd7ce8f1fb39ce9ecccbfe93a3f1344b3d0d97f20bc0196208f62b"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
 version = "1.0.101"
@@ -721,6 +4208,77 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "prost"
+version = "0.14.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d2ea70524a2f82d518bce41317d0fae74151505651af45faf1ffbd6fd33f0568"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytes",
+ "prost-derive",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "prost-build"
+version = "0.14.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "343d3bd7056eda839b03204e68deff7d1b13aba7af2b2fd16890697274262ee7"
+dependencies = [
+ "heck",
+ "itertools 0.14.0",
+ "log",
+ "multimap",
+ "petgraph",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "prost",
+ "prost-types",
+ "regex",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+ "tempfile",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "prost-derive"
+version = "0.14.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "27c6023962132f4b30eb4c172c91ce92d933da334c59c23cddee82358ddafb0b"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "itertools 0.14.0",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "prost-types"
+version = "0.14.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8991c4cbdb8bc5b11f0b074ffe286c30e523de90fee5ba8132f1399f23cb3dd7"
+dependencies = [
+ "prost",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "quick-xml"
+version = "0.37.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "331e97a1af0bf59823e6eadffe373d7b27f485be8748f71471c662c1f269b7fb"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "serde",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "quick-xml"
+version = "0.38.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b66c2058c55a409d601666cffe35f04333cf1013010882cec174a7467cd4e21c"
+dependencies = [
+ "memchr",
+ "serde",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "quinn"
 version = "0.11.9"
@@ -750,7 +4308,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "getrandom 0.3.3",
  "lru-slab",
- "rand",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
  "ring",
  "rustc-hash",
  "rustls",
@@ -778,9 +4336,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "1.0.40"
+version = "1.0.45"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "1885c039570dc00dcb4ff087a89e185fd56bae234ddc7f056a945bf36467248d"
+checksum = "41f2619966050689382d2b44f664f4bc593e129785a36d6ee376ddf37259b924"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
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@@ -791,14 +4349,47 @@ version = "5.3.0"
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 checksum = "69cdb34c158ceb288df11e18b4bd39de994f6657d83847bdffdbd7f346754b0f"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "r-efi"
+version = "6.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f8dcc9c7d52a811697d2151c701e0d08956f92b0e24136cf4cf27b57a6a0d9bf"
+
+[[package]]
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+version = "0.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dc33ff2d4973d518d823d61aa239014831e521c75da58e3df4840d3f47749d09"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand"
+version = "0.8.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "34af8d1a0e25924bc5b7c43c079c942339d8f0a8b57c39049bef581b46327404"
+dependencies = [
+ "libc",
+ "rand_chacha 0.3.1",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rand"
 version = "0.9.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "6db2770f06117d490610c7488547d543617b21bfa07796d7a12f6f1bd53850d1"
 dependencies = [
- "rand_chacha",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_chacha 0.9.0",
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_chacha"
+version = "0.3.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e6c10a63a0fa32252be49d21e7709d4d4baf8d231c2dbce1eaa8141b9b127d88"
+dependencies = [
+ "ppv-lite86",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -808,7 +4399,16 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "d3022b5f1df60f26e1ffddd6c66e8aa15de382ae63b3a0c1bfc0e4d3e3f325cb"
 dependencies = [
  "ppv-lite86",
- "rand_core",
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_core"
+version = "0.6.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ec0be4795e2f6a28069bec0b5ff3e2ac9bafc99e6a9a7dc3547996c5c816922c"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.2.16",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -820,21 +4420,180 @@ dependencies = [
  "getrandom 0.3.3",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_distr"
+version = "0.4.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32cb0b9bc82b0a0876c2dd994a7e7a2683d3e7390ca40e6886785ef0c7e3ee31"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_distr"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6a8615d50dcf34fa31f7ab52692afec947c4dd0ab803cc87cb3b0b4570ff7463"
+dependencies = [
+ "num-traits",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rand_xoshiro"
+version = "0.7.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f703f4665700daf5512dcca5f43afa6af89f09db47fb56be587f80636bda2d41"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand_core 0.9.3",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "random_word"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e47a395bdb55442b883c89062d6bcff25dc90fa5f8369af81e0ac6d49d78cf81"
+dependencies = [
+ "ahash",
+ "brotli",
+ "paste",
+ "rand 0.9.2",
+ "unicase",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rangemap"
+version = "1.7.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "973443cf09a9c8656b574a866ab68dfa19f0867d0340648c7d2f6a71b8a8ea68"
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "60a357793950651c4ed0f3f52338f53b2f809f32d83a07f72909fa13e4c6c1e3"
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "368f01d005bf8fd9b1206fb6fa653e6c4a81ceb1466406b81792d87c5677a58f"
+dependencies = [
+ "either",
+ "rayon-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rayon-core"
+version = "1.13.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "22e18b0f0062d30d4230b2e85ff77fdfe4326feb054b9783a3460d8435c8ab91"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-deque",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ed2bf2547551a7053d6fdfafda3f938979645c44812fbfcda098faae3f1a362d"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "a4e608c6638b9c18977b00b475ac1f28d14e84b27d8d42f70e0bf1e3dec127ac"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.2.16",
+ "libredox",
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e10754a14b9137dd7b1e3e5b0493cc9171fdd105e0ab477f51b72e7f3ac0e276"
+dependencies = [
+ "aho-corasick",
+ "memchr",
+ "regex-automata",
+ "regex-syntax",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "regex-automata"
+version = "0.4.14"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6e1dd4122fc1595e8162618945476892eefca7b88c52820e74af6262213cae8f"
+dependencies = [
+ "aho-corasick",
+ "memchr",
+ "regex-syntax",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "regex-lite"
+version = "0.1.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cab834c73d247e67f4fae452806d17d3c7501756d98c8808d7c9c7aa7d18f973"
+
+[[package]]
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+
+[[package]]
+name = "reqsign"
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "43451dbf3590a7590684c25fb8d12ecdcc90ed3ac123433e500447c7d77ed701"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "async-trait",
+ "base64",
+ "chrono",
+ "form_urlencoded",
+ "getrandom 0.2.16",
+ "hex",
+ "hmac",
+ "home",
+ "http 1.3.1",
+ "jsonwebtoken",
+ "log",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "quick-xml 0.37.5",
+ "rand 0.8.5",
+ "reqwest",
+ "rsa",
+ "rust-ini",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sha1",
+ "sha2",
+ "tokio",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "reqwest"
-version = "0.12.23"
+version = "0.12.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d429f34c8092b2d42c7c93cec323bb4adeb7c67698f70839adec842ec10c7ceb"
+checksum = "eddd3ca559203180a307f12d114c268abf583f59b03cb906fd0b3ff8646c1147"
 dependencies = [
- "async-compression",
  "base64",
  "bytes",
  "encoding_rs",
  "futures-core",
  "futures-util",
  "h2",
- "http",
- "http-body",
+ "http 1.3.1",
+ "http-body 1.0.1",
  "http-body-util",
  "hyper",
  "hyper-rustls",
@@ -864,6 +4623,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen-futures",
  "wasm-streams",
  "web-sys",
+ "webpki-roots",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -881,10 +4641,55 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rustc-demangle"
-version = "0.1.26"
+name = "roaring"
+version = "0.11.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8ba9ce64a8f45d7fc86358410bb1a82e8c987504c0d4900e9141d69a9f26c885"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+ "byteorder",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rsa"
+version = "0.9.10"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b8573f03f5883dcaebdfcf4725caa1ecb9c15b2ef50c43a07b816e06799bb12d"
+dependencies = [
+ "const-oid",
+ "digest",
+ "num-bigint-dig",
+ "num-integer",
+ "num-traits",
+ "pkcs1",
+ "pkcs8",
+ "rand_core 0.6.4",
+ "sha2",
+ "signature",
+ "spki",
+ "subtle",
+ "zeroize",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rust-ini"
+version = "0.21.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "796e8d2b6696392a43bea58116b667fb4c29727dc5abd27d6acf338bb4f688c7"
+dependencies = [
+ "cfg-if",
+ "ordered-multimap",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rust-stemmers"
+version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "56f7d92ca342cea22a06f2121d944b4fd82af56988c270852495420f961d4ace"
+checksum = "e46a2036019fdb888131db7a4c847a1063a7493f971ed94ea82c67eada63ca54"
+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustc-hash"
@@ -892,12 +4697,48 @@ version = "2.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "357703d41365b4b27c590e3ed91eabb1b663f07c4c084095e60cbed4362dff0d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustc_version"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cfcb3a22ef46e85b45de6ee7e79d063319ebb6594faafcf1c225ea92ab6e9b92"
+dependencies = [
+ "semver",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustix"
+version = "0.38.44"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fdb5bc1ae2baa591800df16c9ca78619bf65c0488b41b96ccec5d11220d8c154"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "errno",
+ "libc",
+ "linux-raw-sys 0.4.15",
+ "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustix"
+version = "1.1.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b6fe4565b9518b83ef4f91bb47ce29620ca828bd32cb7e408f0062e9930ba190"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "errno",
+ "libc",
+ "linux-raw-sys 0.12.1",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls"
 version = "0.23.32"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cd3c25631629d034ce7cd9940adc9d45762d46de2b0f57193c4443b92c6d4d40"
 dependencies = [
+ "aws-lc-rs",
  "once_cell",
  "ring",
  "rustls-pki-types",
@@ -918,6 +4759,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "security-framework",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "rustls-pemfile"
+version = "2.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dce314e5fee3f39953d46bb63bb8a46d40c2f8fb7cc5a3b6cab2bde9721d6e50"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustls-pki-types",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls-pki-types"
 version = "1.12.0"
@@ -932,32 +4782,74 @@ dependencies = [
 name = "rustls-webpki"
 version = "0.103.6"
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-checksum = "8572f3c2cb9934231157b45499fc41e1f58c589fdfb81a844ba873265e80f8eb"
+checksum = "8572f3c2cb9934231157b45499fc41e1f58c589fdfb81a844ba873265e80f8eb"
+dependencies = [
+ "aws-lc-rs",
+ "ring",
+ "rustls-pki-types",
+ "untrusted",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "rustversion"
+version = "1.0.22"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "ryu"
+version = "1.0.20"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "28d3b2b1366ec20994f1fd18c3c594f05c5dd4bc44d8bb0c1c632c8d6829481f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "salsa20"
+version = "0.10.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "97a22f5af31f73a954c10289c93e8a50cc23d971e80ee446f1f6f7137a088213"
+dependencies = [
+ "cipher",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "same-file"
+version = "1.0.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "93fc1dc3aaa9bfed95e02e6eadabb4baf7e3078b0bd1b4d7b6b0b68378900502"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi-util",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "schannel"
+version = "0.1.28"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "891d81b926048e76efe18581bf793546b4c0eaf8448d72be8de2bbee5fd166e1"
 dependencies = [
- "ring",
- "rustls-pki-types",
- "untrusted",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "rustversion"
-version = "1.0.22"
+name = "scoped-tls"
+version = "1.0.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b39cdef0fa800fc44525c84ccb54a029961a8215f9619753635a9c0d2538d46d"
+checksum = "e1cf6437eb19a8f4a6cc0f7dca544973b0b78843adbfeb3683d1a94a0024a294"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "ryu"
-version = "1.0.20"
+name = "scopeguard"
+version = "1.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "28d3b2b1366ec20994f1fd18c3c594f05c5dd4bc44d8bb0c1c632c8d6829481f"
+checksum = "94143f37725109f92c262ed2cf5e59bce7498c01bcc1502d7b9afe439a4e9f49"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "schannel"
-version = "0.1.28"
+name = "scrypt"
+version = "0.11.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "891d81b926048e76efe18581bf793546b4c0eaf8448d72be8de2bbee5fd166e1"
+checksum = "0516a385866c09368f0b5bcd1caff3366aace790fcd46e2bb032697bb172fd1f"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.61.0",
+ "pbkdf2",
+ "salsa20",
+ "sha2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -983,6 +4875,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "semver"
+version = "1.0.27"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d767eb0aabc880b29956c35734170f26ed551a859dbd361d140cdbeca61ab1e2"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "seq-macro"
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+
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 dependencies = [
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- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
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 dependencies = [
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+ "syn 2.0.117",
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 [[package]]
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+
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+dependencies = [
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+ "num-traits",
+ "thiserror",
+ "time",
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+
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+
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+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
+]
+
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@@ -1067,6 +5055,27 @@ version = "1.15.1"
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+[[package]]
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+dependencies = [
+ "snafu-derive",
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+
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+dependencies = [
+ "heck",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
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@@ -1077,12 +5086,89 @@ dependencies = [
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+
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+ "der",
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+dependencies = [
+ "heck",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "rustversion",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
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@@ -1091,9 +5177,20 @@ checksum = "13c2bddecc57b384dee18652358fb23172facb8a2c51ccc10d74c157bdea3292"
 
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+checksum = "72b64191b275b66ffe2469e8af2c1cfe3bafa67b529ead792a6d0160888b4237"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
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@@ -1117,7 +5214,178 @@ checksum = "728a70f3dbaf5bab7f0c4b1ac8d7ae5ea60a4b5549c8a5914361c99147a709d2"
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+ "syn 2.0.117",
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+ "arc-swap",
+ "base64",
+ "bitpacking",
+ "bon",
+ "byteorder",
+ "census",
+ "crc32fast",
+ "crossbeam-channel",
+ "downcast-rs",
+ "fastdivide",
+ "fnv",
+ "fs4",
+ "htmlescape",
+ "hyperloglogplus",
+ "itertools 0.14.0",
+ "levenshtein_automata",
+ "log",
+ "lru",
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+ "measure_time",
+ "memmap2",
+ "once_cell",
+ "oneshot",
+ "rayon",
+ "regex",
+ "rust-stemmers",
+ "rustc-hash",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sketches-ddsketch",
+ "smallvec",
+ "tantivy-bitpacker",
+ "tantivy-columnar",
+ "tantivy-common",
+ "tantivy-fst",
+ "tantivy-query-grammar",
+ "tantivy-stacker",
+ "tantivy-tokenizer-api",
+ "tempfile",
+ "thiserror",
+ "time",
+ "uuid",
+ "winapi",
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+ "itertools 0.14.0",
+ "tantivy-bitpacker",
+ "tantivy-common",
+ "tantivy-fst",
+ "zstd",
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+
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+dependencies = [
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+ "tantivy-common",
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+
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+dependencies = [
+ "serde",
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+
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+
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+dependencies = [
+ "fastrand",
+ "getrandom 0.3.3",
+ "once_cell",
+ "rustix 1.1.4",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.0",
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+checksum = "6c5e1be1c48b9172ee610da68fd9cd2770e7a4056cb3fc98710ee6906f0c7960"
+dependencies = [
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+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "ffbd370cb847953a25954d9f63e14824a36113f8c72eecf6eccef5dc4b45d630"
+dependencies = [
+ "crossbeam-channel",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "f60246a4944f24f6e018aa17cdeffb7818b76356965d03b07d6a9886e8962185"
+dependencies = [
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+]
+
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+dependencies = [
+ "deranged",
+ "itoa",
+ "num-conv",
+ "powerfmt",
+ "serde_core",
+ "time-core",
+ "time-macros",
+]
+
+[[package]]
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+checksum = "7694e1cfe791f8d31026952abf09c69ca6f6fa4e1a1229e18988f06a04a12dca"
+
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+dependencies = [
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+ "time-core",
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+
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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 dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
- "syn",
+ "crunchy",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1167,19 +5493,30 @@ checksum = "1f3ccbac311fea05f86f61904b462b55fb3df8837a366dfc601a0161d0532f20"
 
 [[package]]
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+version = "1.50.0"
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-checksum = "89e49afdadebb872d3145a5638b59eb0691ea23e46ca484037cfab3b76b95038"
+checksum = "27ad5e34374e03cfffefc301becb44e9dc3c17584f414349ebe29ed26661822d"
 dependencies = [
- "backtrace",
  "bytes",
- "io-uring",
  "libc",
  "mio",
+ "parking_lot",
  "pin-project-lite",
- "slab",
+ "signal-hook-registry",
  "socket2",
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "tokio-macros",
+ "windows-sys 0.61.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tokio-macros"
+version = "2.6.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5c55a2eff8b69ce66c84f85e1da1c233edc36ceb85a2058d11b0d6a3c7e7569c"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1192,6 +5529,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "tokio",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "tokio-stream"
+version = "0.1.18"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32da49809aab5c3bc678af03902d4ccddea2a87d028d86392a4b1560c6906c70"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tokio",
+]
+
 [[package]]
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@@ -1222,17 +5570,22 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.6.6"
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-checksum = "adc82fd73de2a9722ac5da747f12383d2bfdb93591ee6c58486e0097890f05f2"
+checksum = "d4e6559d53cc268e5031cd8429d05415bc4cb4aefc4aa5d6cc35fbf5b924a1f8"
 dependencies = [
+ "async-compression",
  "bitflags",
  "bytes",
+ "futures-core",
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- "http",
- "http-body",
+ "http 1.3.1",
+ "http-body 1.0.1",
+ "http-body-util",
  "iri-string",
  "pin-project-lite",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
  "tower",
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@@ -1252,21 +5605,63 @@ checksum = "8df9b6e13f2d32c91b9bd719c00d1958837bc7dec474d94952798cc8e69eeec3"
 
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-checksum = "784e0ac535deb450455cbfa28a6f0df145ea1bb7ae51b821cf5e7927fdcfbdd0"
+checksum = "63e71662fa4b2a2c3a26f570f037eb95bb1f85397f3cd8076caed2f026a6d100"
 dependencies = [
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+ "tracing-attributes",
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+[[package]]
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+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
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-version = "0.1.34"
+version = "0.1.36"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "db97caf9d906fbde555dd62fa95ddba9eecfd14cb388e4f491a66d74cd5fb79a"
+dependencies = [
+ "once_cell",
+ "valuable",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing-log"
+version = "0.2.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ee855f1f400bd0e5c02d150ae5de3840039a3f54b025156404e34c23c03f47c3"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "tracing-core",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "tracing-subscriber"
+version = "0.3.23"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b9d12581f227e93f094d3af2ae690a574abb8a2b9b7a96e7cfe9647b2b617678"
+checksum = "cb7f578e5945fb242538965c2d0b04418d38ec25c79d160cd279bf0731c8d319"
 dependencies = [
+ "matchers",
+ "nu-ansi-term",
  "once_cell",
+ "regex-automata",
+ "sharded-slab",
+ "smallvec",
+ "thread_local",
+ "tracing",
+ "tracing-core",
+ "tracing-log",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1275,6 +5670,21 @@ version = "0.2.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e421abadd41a4225275504ea4d6566923418b7f05506fbc9c0fe86ba7396114b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "twox-hash"
+version = "2.1.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9ea3136b675547379c4bd395ca6b938e5ad3c3d20fad76e7fe85f9e0d011419c"
+dependencies = [
+ "rand 0.9.2",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "typenum"
+version = "1.19.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "562d481066bde0658276a35467c4af00bdc6ee726305698a55b86e61d7ad82bb"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "unicase"
 version = "2.8.1"
@@ -1287,6 +5697,24 @@ version = "1.0.19"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f63a545481291138910575129486daeaf8ac54aee4387fe7906919f7830c7d9d"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-segmentation"
+version = "1.13.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9629274872b2bfaf8d66f5f15725007f635594914870f65218920345aa11aa8c"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-width"
+version = "0.2.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b4ac048d71ede7ee76d585517add45da530660ef4390e49b098733c6e897f254"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "unicode-xid"
+version = "0.2.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ebc1c04c71510c7f702b52b7c350734c9ff1295c464a03335b00bb84fc54f853"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "untrusted"
 version = "0.9.0"
@@ -1305,12 +5733,64 @@ dependencies = [
  "serde",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "urlencoding"
+version = "2.1.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "daf8dba3b7eb870caf1ddeed7bc9d2a049f3cfdfae7cb521b087cc33ae4c49da"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "utf8-ranges"
+version = "1.0.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7fcfc827f90e53a02eaef5e535ee14266c1d569214c6aa70133a624d8a3164ba"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "utf8_iter"
 version = "1.0.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "b6c140620e7ffbb22c2dee59cafe6084a59b5ffc27a8859a5f0d494b5d52b6be"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "uuid"
+version = "1.23.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5ac8b6f42ead25368cf5b098aeb3dc8a1a2c05a3eee8a9a1a68c640edbfc79d9"
+dependencies = [
+ "getrandom 0.4.2",
+ "js-sys",
+ "serde_core",
+ "wasm-bindgen",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "valuable"
+version = "0.1.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ba73ea9cf16a25df0c8caa16c51acb937d5712a8429db78a3ee29d5dcacd3a65"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "version_check"
+version = "0.9.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "vsimd"
+version = "0.8.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5c3082ca00d5a5ef149bb8b555a72ae84c9c59f7250f013ac822ac2e49b19c64"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "walkdir"
+version = "2.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "29790946404f91d9c5d06f9874efddea1dc06c5efe94541a7d6863108e3a5e4b"
+dependencies = [
+ "same-file",
+ "winapi-util",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "want"
 version = "0.3.1"
@@ -1341,7 +5821,16 @@ version = "1.0.1+wasi-0.2.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0562428422c63773dad2c345a1882263bbf4d65cf3f42e90921f787ef5ad58e7"
 dependencies = [
- "wit-bindgen",
+ "wit-bindgen 0.46.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasip3"
+version = "0.4.0+wasi-0.3.0-rc-2026-01-06"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5428f8bf88ea5ddc08faddef2ac4a67e390b88186c703ce6dbd955e1c145aca5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen 0.51.0",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1367,7 +5856,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "log",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 
@@ -1402,7 +5891,7 @@ checksum = "ffc003a991398a8ee604a401e194b6b3a39677b3173d6e74495eb51b82e99a32"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
  "wasm-bindgen-backend",
  "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
@@ -1416,6 +5905,28 @@ dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-encoder"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "990065f2fe63003fe337b932cfb5e3b80e0b4d0f5ff650e6985b1048f62c8319"
+dependencies = [
+ "leb128fmt",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wasm-metadata"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "bb0e353e6a2fbdc176932bbaab493762eb1255a7900fe0fea1a2f96c296cc909"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "indexmap",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-streams"
 version = "0.4.2"
@@ -1429,6 +5940,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "web-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wasmparser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "47b807c72e1bac69382b3a6fb3dbe8ea4c0ed87ff5629b8685ae6b9a611028fe"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags",
+ "hashbrown 0.15.5",
+ "indexmap",
+ "semver",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "web-sys"
 version = "0.3.80"
@@ -1449,6 +5972,81 @@ dependencies = [
  "wasm-bindgen",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "webpki-roots"
+version = "1.0.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "22cfaf3c063993ff62e73cb4311efde4db1efb31ab78a3e5c457939ad5cc0bed"
+dependencies = [
+ "rustls-pki-types",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi"
+version = "0.3.9"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5c839a674fcd7a98952e593242ea400abe93992746761e38641405d28b00f419"
+dependencies = [
+ "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu",
+ "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-i686-pc-windows-gnu"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ac3b87c63620426dd9b991e5ce0329eff545bccbbb34f3be09ff6fb6ab51b7b6"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-util"
+version = "0.1.11"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "c2a7b1c03c876122aa43f3020e6c3c3ee5c05081c9a00739faf7503aeba10d22"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-sys 0.61.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "winapi-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-core"
+version = "0.62.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6844ee5416b285084d3d3fffd743b925a6c9385455f64f6d4fa3031c4c2749a9"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-implement",
+ "windows-interface",
+ "windows-link 0.2.0",
+ "windows-result",
+ "windows-strings",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-implement"
+version = "0.60.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "053e2e040ab57b9dc951b72c264860db7eb3b0200ba345b4e4c3b14f67855ddf"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-interface"
+version = "0.59.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3f316c4a2570ba26bbec722032c4099d8c8bc095efccdc15688708623367e358"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-link"
 version = "0.1.3"
@@ -1461,6 +6059,24 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "45e46c0661abb7180e7b9c281db115305d49ca1709ab8242adf09666d2173c65"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-result"
+version = "0.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7084dcc306f89883455a206237404d3eaf961e5bd7e0f312f7c91f57eb44167f"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link 0.2.0",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "windows-strings"
+version = "0.5.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "7218c655a553b0bed4426cf54b20d7ba363ef543b52d515b3e48d7fd55318dda"
+dependencies = [
+ "windows-link 0.2.0",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.52.0"
@@ -1632,12 +6248,121 @@ version = "0.46.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f17a85883d4e6d00e8a97c586de764dabcc06133f7f1d55dce5cdc070ad7fe59"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d7249219f66ced02969388cf2bb044a09756a083d0fab1e566056b04d9fbcaa5"
+dependencies = [
+ "wit-bindgen-rust-macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-core"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ea61de684c3ea68cb082b7a88508a8b27fcc8b797d738bfc99a82facf1d752dc"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b7c566e0f4b284dd6561c786d9cb0142da491f46a9fbed79ea69cdad5db17f21"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "heck",
+ "indexmap",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-component",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-bindgen-rust-macro"
+version = "0.51.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "0c0f9bfd77e6a48eccf51359e3ae77140a7f50b1e2ebfe62422d8afdaffab17a"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "prettyplease",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+ "wit-bindgen-core",
+ "wit-bindgen-rust",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-component"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9d66ea20e9553b30172b5e831994e35fbde2d165325bec84fc43dbf6f4eb9cb2"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "bitflags",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "wasm-encoder",
+ "wasm-metadata",
+ "wasmparser",
+ "wit-parser",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "wit-parser"
+version = "0.244.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ecc8ac4bc1dc3381b7f59c34f00b67e18f910c2c0f50015669dde7def656a736"
+dependencies = [
+ "anyhow",
+ "id-arena",
+ "indexmap",
+ "log",
+ "semver",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_derive",
+ "serde_json",
+ "unicode-xid",
+ "wasmparser",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "writeable"
 version = "0.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ea2f10b9bb0928dfb1b42b65e1f9e36f7f54dbdf08457afefb38afcdec4fa2bb"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "wyz"
+version = "0.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "05f360fc0b24296329c78fda852a1e9ae82de9cf7b27dae4b7f62f118f77b9ed"
+dependencies = [
+ "tap",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xmlparser"
+version = "0.13.6"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "66fee0b777b0f5ac1c69bb06d361268faafa61cd4682ae064a171c16c433e9e4"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "xxhash-rust"
+version = "0.8.15"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "fdd20c5420375476fbd4394763288da7eb0cc0b8c11deed431a91562af7335d3"
+
 [[package]]
 name = "yoke"
 version = "0.8.0"
@@ -1658,7 +6383,7 @@ checksum = "38da3c9736e16c5d3c8c597a9aaa5d1fa565d0532ae05e27c24aa62fb32c0ab6"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
@@ -1679,7 +6404,7 @@ checksum = "88d2b8d9c68ad2b9e4340d7832716a4d21a22a1154777ad56ea55c51a9cf3831"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -1699,7 +6424,7 @@ checksum = "d71e5d6e06ab090c67b5e44993ec16b72dcbaabc526db883a360057678b48502"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
  "synstructure",
 ]
 
@@ -1739,5 +6464,39 @@ checksum = "5b96237efa0c878c64bd89c436f661be4e46b2f3eff1ebb976f7ef2321d2f58f"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.117",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zmij"
+version = "1.0.21"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "b8848ee67ecc8aedbaf3e4122217aff892639231befc6a1b58d29fff4c2cabaa"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zstd"
+version = "0.13.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e91ee311a569c327171651566e07972200e76fcfe2242a4fa446149a3881c08a"
+dependencies = [
+ "zstd-safe",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zstd-safe"
+version = "7.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "8f49c4d5f0abb602a93fb8736af2a4f4dd9512e36f7f570d66e65ff867ed3b9d"
+dependencies = [
+ "zstd-sys",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "zstd-sys"
+version = "2.0.16+zstd.1.5.7"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "91e19ebc2adc8f83e43039e79776e3fda8ca919132d68a1fed6a5faca2683748"
+dependencies = [
+ "cc",
+ "pkg-config",
 ]
diff --git a/rust/Cargo.toml b/rust/Cargo.toml
index 1cfb6963..5143d2c2 100644
--- a/rust/Cargo.toml
+++ b/rust/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 [workspace]
 resolver = "2"
-members = ["lance-namespace-reqwest-client"]
+members = ["lance-namespace-reqwest-client", "lance-namespace-base"]
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
-lance-namespace-reqwest-client = { path = "lance-namespace-reqwest-client", version = "0.6.1" }
\ No newline at end of file
+lance-namespace-reqwest-client = { path = "lance-namespace-reqwest-client", version = "0.6.1" }
+lance-namespace-base = { path = "lance-namespace-base", version = "0.1.0" }
diff --git a/rust/lance-namespace-base/Cargo.toml b/rust/lance-namespace-base/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8cb0304e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/lance-namespace-base/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+[package]
+name = "lance-namespace-base"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2024"
+description = "Base Lance Namespace implementation using the Lance SDK directly"
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+rust-version = "1.91.0"
+
+[features]
+default = ["aws", "azure", "gcp"]
+gcp = ["lance-io/gcp", "lance/gcp"]
+aws = ["lance-io/aws", "lance/aws"]
+azure = ["lance-io/azure", "lance/azure"]
+
+[dependencies]
+# Lance core crates (path deps to lance repo)
+lance-namespace = { path = "../../../lance/rust/lance-namespace" }
+lance-core = { path = "../../../lance/rust/lance-core" }
+lance = { path = "../../../lance/rust/lance", default-features = false }
+lance-index = { path = "../../../lance/rust/lance-index" }
+lance-linalg = { path = "../../../lance/rust/lance-linalg" }
+lance-io = { path = "../../../lance/rust/lance-io", default-features = false }
+lance-table = { path = "../../../lance/rust/lance-table" }
+
+# Arrow
+arrow = { version = "57.0.0", features = ["prettyprint"] }
+arrow-ipc = { version = "57.0.0", features = ["zstd"] }
+arrow-schema = "57.0.0"
+
+# Object store
+object_store = "0.12"
+
+# Common
+async-trait = "0.1"
+bytes = "1.11.1"
+snafu = "0.9"
+tokio = { version = "1.23", features = ["full"] }
+serde_json = "1"
+futures = "0.3"
+log = "0.4"
+chrono = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["std", "now"] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tempfile = "3"
diff --git a/rust/lance-namespace-base/src/base.rs b/rust/lance-namespace-base/src/base.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0f313a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/lance-namespace-base/src/base.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,5091 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The Lance Authors
+
+//! Base Lance Namespace implementation using the Lance SDK directly.
+
+use arrow::record_batch::RecordBatchIterator;
+use arrow_ipc::reader::StreamReader;
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+use bytes::Bytes;
+use futures::TryStreamExt;
+use lance::dataset::builder::DatasetBuilder;
+use lance::dataset::transaction::{Operation, Transaction};
+use lance::dataset::{Dataset, WriteMode, WriteParams};
+use lance::index::{DatasetIndexExt, IndexParams, vector::VectorIndexParams};
+use lance::session::Session;
+use lance_index::scalar::{BuiltinIndexType, InvertedIndexParams, ScalarIndexParams};
+use lance_index::vector::{
+    bq::RQBuildParams, hnsw::builder::HnswBuildParams, ivf::IvfBuildParams, pq::PQBuildParams,
+    sq::builder::SQBuildParams,
+};
+use lance_index::{IndexType, is_system_index};
+use lance_io::object_store::{ObjectStore, ObjectStoreParams, ObjectStoreRegistry};
+use lance_linalg::distance::MetricType;
+use lance_table::io::commit::ManifestNamingScheme;
+use object_store::path::Path;
+use object_store::{Error as ObjectStoreError, ObjectStore as OSObjectStore, PutMode, PutOptions};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::io::Cursor;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+
+use lance_namespace::models::{
+    AlterTableAddColumnsRequest, AlterTableAddColumnsResponse, AlterTableAlterColumnsRequest,
+    AlterTableAlterColumnsResponse, AlterTableDropColumnsRequest, AlterTableDropColumnsResponse,
+    AlterTransactionRequest, AlterTransactionResponse, AnalyzeTableQueryPlanRequest,
+    BatchDeleteTableVersionsRequest, BatchDeleteTableVersionsResponse, CountTableRowsRequest,
+    CreateNamespaceRequest, CreateNamespaceResponse, CreateTableIndexRequest,
+    CreateTableIndexResponse, CreateTableRequest, CreateTableResponse,
+    CreateTableScalarIndexResponse, CreateTableTagRequest, CreateTableTagResponse,
+    CreateTableVersionRequest, CreateTableVersionResponse, DeclareTableRequest,
+    DeclareTableResponse, DeleteFromTableRequest, DeleteFromTableResponse, DeleteTableTagRequest,
+    DeleteTableTagResponse, DeregisterTableRequest, DeregisterTableResponse,
+    DescribeNamespaceRequest, DescribeNamespaceResponse, DescribeTableIndexStatsRequest,
+    DescribeTableIndexStatsResponse, DescribeTableRequest, DescribeTableResponse,
+    DescribeTableVersionRequest, DescribeTableVersionResponse, DescribeTransactionRequest,
+    DescribeTransactionResponse, DropNamespaceRequest, DropNamespaceResponse,
+    DropTableIndexRequest, DropTableIndexResponse, DropTableRequest, DropTableResponse,
+    ExplainTableQueryPlanRequest, GetTableStatsRequest, GetTableStatsResponse,
+    GetTableTagVersionRequest, GetTableTagVersionResponse, IndexContent,
+    InsertIntoTableRequest, InsertIntoTableResponse, ListNamespacesRequest,
+    ListNamespacesResponse, ListTableIndicesRequest, ListTableIndicesResponse,
+    ListTableTagsRequest, ListTableTagsResponse, ListTableVersionsRequest,
+    ListTableVersionsResponse, ListTablesRequest, ListTablesResponse,
+    MergeInsertIntoTableRequest, MergeInsertIntoTableResponse, NamespaceExistsRequest,
+    QueryTableRequest, RegisterTableRequest, RegisterTableResponse, RenameTableRequest,
+    RenameTableResponse, RestoreTableRequest, RestoreTableResponse, TableExistsRequest,
+    TableVersion, TagContents, UpdateTableRequest, UpdateTableResponse,
+    UpdateTableSchemaMetadataRequest, UpdateTableSchemaMetadataResponse, UpdateTableTagRequest,
+    UpdateTableTagResponse,
+};
+
+use lance_core::Result;
+use lance_namespace::LanceNamespace;
+use lance_namespace::error::NamespaceError;
+use lance_namespace::schema::arrow_schema_to_json;
+
+// ── Index param helper types ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+enum BaseIndexParams {
+    Scalar {
+        index_type: IndexType,
+        params: ScalarIndexParams,
+    },
+    Inverted(InvertedIndexParams),
+    Vector {
+        index_type: IndexType,
+        params: VectorIndexParams,
+    },
+}
+
+impl BaseIndexParams {
+    fn index_type(&self) -> IndexType {
+        match self {
+            Self::Scalar { index_type, .. } | Self::Vector { index_type, .. } => *index_type,
+            Self::Inverted(_) => IndexType::Inverted,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn params(&self) -> &dyn IndexParams {
+        match self {
+            Self::Scalar { params, .. } => params,
+            Self::Inverted(params) => params,
+            Self::Vector { params, .. } => params,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ── Builder ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Builder for creating a [`BaseLanceNamespace`].
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BaseLanceNamespaceBuilder {
+    root: String,
+    storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
+    session: Option<Arc<Session>>,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for BaseLanceNamespaceBuilder {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("BaseLanceNamespaceBuilder")
+            .field("root", &self.root)
+            .field("storage_options", &self.storage_options)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl BaseLanceNamespaceBuilder {
+    /// Create a new builder with the specified root path.
+    pub fn new(root: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            root: root.into().trim_end_matches('/').to_string(),
+            storage_options: None,
+            session: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Add a storage option.
+    pub fn storage_option(mut self, key: impl Into<String>, value: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
+        self.storage_options
+            .get_or_insert_with(HashMap::new)
+            .insert(key.into(), value.into());
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Add multiple storage options.
+    pub fn storage_options(mut self, options: HashMap<String, String>) -> Self {
+        self.storage_options
+            .get_or_insert_with(HashMap::new)
+            .extend(options);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Set the Lance session to use.
+    pub fn session(mut self, session: Arc<Session>) -> Self {
+        self.session = Some(session);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Create a builder from a properties map.
+    ///
+    /// Expects `root` (required) and optional `storage.*` prefixed options.
+    pub fn from_properties(
+        properties: HashMap<String, String>,
+        session: Option<Arc<Session>>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let root = properties.get("root").cloned().ok_or_else(|| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Missing required property 'root' for base namespace".to_string(),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        let storage_options: HashMap<String, String> = properties
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|(k, v)| {
+                k.strip_prefix("storage.")
+                    .map(|key| (key.to_string(), v.clone()))
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let storage_options = if storage_options.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(storage_options)
+        };
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            root: root.trim_end_matches('/').to_string(),
+            storage_options,
+            session,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Build the [`BaseLanceNamespace`].
+    pub async fn build(self) -> Result<BaseLanceNamespace> {
+        let (object_store, base_path) =
+            Self::initialize_object_store(&self.root, &self.storage_options, &self.session).await?;
+
+        Ok(BaseLanceNamespace {
+            root: self.root,
+            storage_options: self.storage_options,
+            session: self.session,
+            object_store,
+            base_path,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn initialize_object_store(
+        root: &str,
+        storage_options: &Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
+        session: &Option<Arc<Session>>,
+    ) -> Result<(Arc<ObjectStore>, Path)> {
+        let accessor = storage_options.clone().map(|opts| {
+            Arc::new(lance_io::object_store::StorageOptionsAccessor::with_static_options(opts))
+        });
+        let params = ObjectStoreParams {
+            storage_options_accessor: accessor,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let registry = if let Some(session) = session {
+            session.store_registry()
+        } else {
+            Arc::new(ObjectStoreRegistry::default())
+        };
+
+        let (object_store, base_path) = ObjectStore::from_uri_and_params(registry, root, &params)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to create object store: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok((object_store, base_path))
+    }
+}
+
+// ── Main struct ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Base implementation of [`LanceNamespace`] using the Lance SDK directly.
+///
+/// Stores namespaces as directories and tables as `{name}.lance` subdirectories.
+/// Supports hierarchical namespaces (e.g. `["org","team"]` → `{root}/org/team/`).
+pub struct BaseLanceNamespace {
+    root: String,
+    storage_options: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
+    session: Option<Arc<Session>>,
+    object_store: Arc<ObjectStore>,
+    base_path: Path,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for BaseLanceNamespace {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.namespace_id())
+    }
+}
+
+// ── Private helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+/// Describes the version ranges to delete for a single table.
+struct TableDeleteEntry {
+    table_id: Option<Vec<String>>,
+    ranges: Vec<(i64, i64)>,
+}
+
+impl BaseLanceNamespace {
+    // ── Path resolution (hierarchical namespace support) ─────────────────
+
+    /// Resolve a namespace ID to an object_store `Path`.
+    /// `["a","b"]` → `{base_path}/a/b`
+    fn resolve_namespace_path(&self, id: &Option<Vec<String>>) -> Path {
+        let mut path = self.base_path.clone();
+        if let Some(parts) = id {
+            for part in parts {
+                path = path.child(part.as_str());
+            }
+        }
+        path
+    }
+
+    /// Resolve a namespace ID to a URI string.
+    /// `["a","b"]` → `{root}/a/b`
+    fn resolve_namespace_uri(&self, id: &Option<Vec<String>>) -> String {
+        let mut uri = self.root.clone();
+        if let Some(parts) = id {
+            for part in parts {
+                uri = format!("{}/{}", uri, part);
+            }
+        }
+        uri
+    }
+
+    /// Resolve a table ID to a full URI string.
+    /// `["ns","table"]` → `{root}/ns/table.lance`
+    fn resolve_table_uri(&self, id: &Option<Vec<String>>) -> Result<String> {
+        let id = id.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Table ID is required".to_string(),
+            })
+        })?;
+        if id.is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Table ID cannot be empty".to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+        let mut uri = self.root.clone();
+        for part in id {
+            uri = format!("{}/{}", uri, part);
+        }
+        Ok(format!("{}.lance", uri))
+    }
+
+    /// Resolve a table ID to an object_store `Path`.
+    fn resolve_table_path(&self, id: &Option<Vec<String>>) -> Result<Path> {
+        let id = id.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Table ID is required".to_string(),
+            })
+        })?;
+        if id.is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Table ID cannot be empty".to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+        let mut path = self.base_path.clone();
+        for (i, part) in id.iter().enumerate() {
+            if i == id.len() - 1 {
+                path = path.child(format!("{}.lance", part).as_str());
+            } else {
+                path = path.child(part.as_str());
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(path)
+    }
+
+    /// Extract the table name (last element) from a table ID.
+    fn table_name_from_id(id: &Option<Vec<String>>) -> Result<String> {
+        let id = id.as_ref().ok_or_else(|| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Table ID is required".to_string(),
+            })
+        })?;
+        if id.is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Table ID cannot be empty".to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+        Ok(id.last().unwrap().clone())
+    }
+
+    /// Extract the namespace path (all but last element) from a table ID.
+    fn namespace_path_from_table_id(id: &Option<Vec<String>>) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+        id.as_ref().and_then(|parts| {
+            if parts.len() > 1 {
+                Some(parts[..parts.len() - 1].to_vec())
+            } else {
+                Some(vec![])
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure a namespace directory exists.
+    async fn ensure_namespace_exists(
+        &self,
+        path: &Path,
+        id: &Option<Vec<String>>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        // Root namespace always exists
+        if id.as_ref().is_none_or(|parts| parts.is_empty()) {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        // Check by looking for the .lance-namespace marker file
+        let marker_path = path.child(".lance-namespace");
+        match self.object_store.inner.head(&marker_path).await {
+            Ok(_) => Ok(()),
+            Err(_) => {
+                let name = id
+                    .as_ref()
+                    .map(|parts| parts.join("/"))
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "<root>".to_string());
+                Err(NamespaceError::NamespaceNotFound {
+                    message: name,
+                }
+                .into())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure a table's `.lance` directory exists.
+    async fn ensure_table_exists(&self, id: &Option<Vec<String>>) -> Result<()> {
+        let table_path = self.resolve_table_path(id)?;
+        match self.object_store.read_dir(table_path).await {
+            Ok(entries) if !entries.is_empty() => Ok(()),
+            _ => {
+                let name = Self::table_name_from_id(id)?;
+                Err(NamespaceError::TableNotFound { message: name }.into())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Ensure the parent namespace of a table exists.
+    async fn ensure_parent_namespace_exists(&self, id: &Option<Vec<String>>) -> Result<()> {
+        let ns_id = Self::namespace_path_from_table_id(id);
+        if ns_id.as_ref().is_some_and(|parts| !parts.is_empty()) {
+            let ns_path = self.resolve_namespace_path(&ns_id);
+            self.ensure_namespace_exists(&ns_path, &ns_id).await?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // ── Dataset operations ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async fn load_dataset(
+        &self,
+        table_uri: &str,
+        version: Option<i64>,
+        operation: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Dataset> {
+        if let Some(version) = version {
+            if version < 0 {
+                return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                    message: format!(
+                        "Table version for {} must be non-negative, got {}",
+                        operation, version
+                    ),
+                }
+                .into());
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut builder = DatasetBuilder::from_uri(table_uri);
+        if let Some(opts) = &self.storage_options {
+            builder = builder.with_storage_options(opts.clone());
+        }
+        if let Some(sess) = &self.session {
+            builder = builder.with_session(sess.clone());
+        }
+
+        let dataset = builder.load().await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::TableNotFound {
+                message: format!(
+                    "Failed to open table at '{}' for {}: {}",
+                    table_uri, operation, e
+                ),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        if let Some(version) = version {
+            return dataset.checkout_version(version as u64).await.map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::TableVersionNotFound {
+                    message: format!(
+                        "Failed to checkout version {} for table at '{}' during {}: {}",
+                        version, table_uri, operation, e
+                    ),
+                })
+            });
+        }
+
+        Ok(dataset)
+    }
+
+    // ── Arrow IPC helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    fn decode_ipc_stream(
+        data: &Bytes,
+    ) -> Result<(Arc<arrow_schema::Schema>, Vec<arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch>)> {
+        let cursor = Cursor::new(data.as_ref());
+        let stream_reader = StreamReader::try_new(cursor, None).map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: format!("Invalid Arrow IPC stream: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+        let schema = stream_reader.schema();
+        let mut batches = Vec::new();
+        for batch_result in stream_reader {
+            batches.push(batch_result.map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                    message: format!("Failed to read batch from IPC stream: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?);
+        }
+        Ok((schema, batches))
+    }
+
+    /// Convert a full URI to an `object_store::Path` relative to the bucket/root.
+    ///
+    /// For cloud URIs (`s3://`, `gs://`, `az://`) the scheme and bucket name are
+    /// stripped because the [`ObjectStore`] instance is already bound to a specific
+    /// bucket.
+    ///
+    /// **Limitation:** only the schemes listed below are handled. Other Azure
+    /// schemes (`wasb://`, `abfss://`) and custom schemes are passed through
+    /// unchanged and may produce incorrect paths on cloud storage.
+    fn uri_to_object_store_path(uri: &str) -> Path {
+        let path_str = if let Some(rest) = uri.strip_prefix("file://") {
+            rest
+        } else if let Some(rest) = uri.strip_prefix("s3://") {
+            rest.split_once('/').map(|(_, p)| p).unwrap_or(rest)
+        } else if let Some(rest) = uri.strip_prefix("gs://") {
+            rest.split_once('/').map(|(_, p)| p).unwrap_or(rest)
+        } else if let Some(rest) = uri.strip_prefix("az://") {
+            rest.split_once('/').map(|(_, p)| p).unwrap_or(rest)
+        } else {
+            uri
+        };
+        Path::from(path_str)
+    }
+
+    // ── Index building ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    fn parse_index_type(index_type: &str) -> Result<IndexType> {
+        match index_type.trim().to_ascii_uppercase().as_str() {
+            "SCALAR" | "BTREE" => Ok(IndexType::BTree),
+            "BITMAP" => Ok(IndexType::Bitmap),
+            "LABEL_LIST" | "LABELLIST" => Ok(IndexType::LabelList),
+            "INVERTED" | "FTS" => Ok(IndexType::Inverted),
+            "NGRAM" => Ok(IndexType::NGram),
+            "ZONEMAP" | "ZONE_MAP" => Ok(IndexType::ZoneMap),
+            "BLOOMFILTER" | "BLOOM_FILTER" => Ok(IndexType::BloomFilter),
+            "RTREE" | "R_TREE" => Ok(IndexType::RTree),
+            "VECTOR" | "IVF_PQ" => Ok(IndexType::IvfPq),
+            "IVF_FLAT" => Ok(IndexType::IvfFlat),
+            "IVF_SQ" => Ok(IndexType::IvfSq),
+            "IVF_RQ" => Ok(IndexType::IvfRq),
+            "IVF_HNSW_FLAT" => Ok(IndexType::IvfHnswFlat),
+            "IVF_HNSW_SQ" => Ok(IndexType::IvfHnswSq),
+            "IVF_HNSW_PQ" => Ok(IndexType::IvfHnswPq),
+            other => Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: format!("Unsupported index_type '{}'", other),
+            }
+            .into()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn parse_metric_type(distance_type: Option<&str>) -> Result<MetricType> {
+        let distance_type = distance_type.unwrap_or("l2");
+        MetricType::try_from(distance_type).map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: format!("Unsupported distance_type '{}': {}", distance_type, e),
+            })
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn build_index_params(request: &CreateTableIndexRequest) -> Result<BaseIndexParams> {
+        let index_type = Self::parse_index_type(&request.index_type)?;
+        Ok(match index_type {
+            IndexType::BTree => BaseIndexParams::Scalar {
+                index_type,
+                params: ScalarIndexParams::for_builtin(BuiltinIndexType::BTree),
+            },
+            IndexType::Bitmap => BaseIndexParams::Scalar {
+                index_type,
+                params: ScalarIndexParams::for_builtin(BuiltinIndexType::Bitmap),
+            },
+            IndexType::LabelList => BaseIndexParams::Scalar {
+                index_type,
+                params: ScalarIndexParams::for_builtin(BuiltinIndexType::LabelList),
+            },
+            IndexType::NGram => BaseIndexParams::Scalar {
+                index_type,
+                params: ScalarIndexParams::for_builtin(BuiltinIndexType::NGram),
+            },
+            IndexType::ZoneMap => BaseIndexParams::Scalar {
+                index_type,
+                params: ScalarIndexParams::for_builtin(BuiltinIndexType::ZoneMap),
+            },
+            IndexType::BloomFilter => BaseIndexParams::Scalar {
+                index_type,
+                params: ScalarIndexParams::for_builtin(BuiltinIndexType::BloomFilter),
+            },
+            IndexType::RTree => BaseIndexParams::Scalar {
+                index_type,
+                params: ScalarIndexParams::for_builtin(BuiltinIndexType::RTree),
+            },
+            IndexType::Inverted => {
+                let mut params = InvertedIndexParams::default();
+                if let Some(with_position) = request.with_position {
+                    params = params.with_position(with_position);
+                }
+                if let Some(base_tokenizer) = &request.base_tokenizer {
+                    params = params.base_tokenizer(base_tokenizer.clone());
+                }
+                if let Some(language) = &request.language {
+                    params = params.language(language)?;
+                }
+                if let Some(max_token_length) = request.max_token_length {
+                    if max_token_length < 0 {
+                        return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                            message: format!(
+                                "FTS max_token_length must be non-negative, got {}",
+                                max_token_length
+                            ),
+                        }
+                        .into());
+                    }
+                    params = params.max_token_length(Some(max_token_length as usize));
+                }
+                if let Some(lower_case) = request.lower_case {
+                    params = params.lower_case(lower_case);
+                }
+                if let Some(stem) = request.stem {
+                    params = params.stem(stem);
+                }
+                if let Some(remove_stop_words) = request.remove_stop_words {
+                    params = params.remove_stop_words(remove_stop_words);
+                }
+                if let Some(ascii_folding) = request.ascii_folding {
+                    params = params.ascii_folding(ascii_folding);
+                }
+                BaseIndexParams::Inverted(params)
+            }
+            IndexType::IvfFlat => BaseIndexParams::Vector {
+                index_type,
+                params: VectorIndexParams::with_ivf_flat_params(
+                    Self::parse_metric_type(request.distance_type.as_deref())?,
+                    IvfBuildParams::default(),
+                ),
+            },
+            IndexType::IvfPq => BaseIndexParams::Vector {
+                index_type,
+                params: VectorIndexParams::with_ivf_pq_params(
+                    Self::parse_metric_type(request.distance_type.as_deref())?,
+                    IvfBuildParams::default(),
+                    PQBuildParams::default(),
+                ),
+            },
+            IndexType::IvfSq => BaseIndexParams::Vector {
+                index_type,
+                params: VectorIndexParams::with_ivf_sq_params(
+                    Self::parse_metric_type(request.distance_type.as_deref())?,
+                    IvfBuildParams::default(),
+                    SQBuildParams::default(),
+                ),
+            },
+            IndexType::IvfRq => BaseIndexParams::Vector {
+                index_type,
+                params: VectorIndexParams::with_ivf_rq_params(
+                    Self::parse_metric_type(request.distance_type.as_deref())?,
+                    IvfBuildParams::default(),
+                    RQBuildParams::default(),
+                ),
+            },
+            IndexType::IvfHnswFlat => BaseIndexParams::Vector {
+                index_type,
+                params: VectorIndexParams::ivf_hnsw(
+                    Self::parse_metric_type(request.distance_type.as_deref())?,
+                    IvfBuildParams::default(),
+                    HnswBuildParams::default(),
+                ),
+            },
+            IndexType::IvfHnswSq => BaseIndexParams::Vector {
+                index_type,
+                params: VectorIndexParams::with_ivf_hnsw_sq_params(
+                    Self::parse_metric_type(request.distance_type.as_deref())?,
+                    IvfBuildParams::default(),
+                    HnswBuildParams::default(),
+                    SQBuildParams::default(),
+                ),
+            },
+            IndexType::IvfHnswPq => BaseIndexParams::Vector {
+                index_type,
+                params: VectorIndexParams::with_ivf_hnsw_pq_params(
+                    Self::parse_metric_type(request.distance_type.as_deref())?,
+                    IvfBuildParams::default(),
+                    HnswBuildParams::default(),
+                    PQBuildParams::default(),
+                ),
+            },
+            other => {
+                return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                    message: format!("Unsupported index type: {}", other),
+                }
+                .into());
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    // ── Pagination helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    fn apply_pagination(
+        names: &mut Vec<String>,
+        page_token: Option<String>,
+        limit: Option<i32>,
+    ) -> Option<String> {
+        names.sort();
+
+        if let Some(start_after) = page_token {
+            if let Some(index) = names
+                .iter()
+                .position(|name| name.as_str() > start_after.as_str())
+            {
+                names.drain(0..index);
+            } else {
+                names.clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut next_page_token = None;
+        if let Some(limit) = limit {
+            if limit >= 0 {
+                let limit = limit as usize;
+                if limit > 0 && names.len() > limit {
+                    next_page_token = Some(names[limit - 1].clone());
+                }
+                names.truncate(limit);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if names.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            next_page_token
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn paginate_indices(
+        indices: &mut Vec<IndexContent>,
+        page_token: Option<String>,
+        limit: Option<i32>,
+    ) -> Option<String> {
+        indices.sort_by(|a, b| a.index_name.cmp(&b.index_name));
+
+        if let Some(start_after) = page_token {
+            if let Some(index) = indices
+                .iter()
+                .position(|idx| idx.index_name.as_str() > start_after.as_str())
+            {
+                indices.drain(0..index);
+            } else {
+                indices.clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut next_page_token = None;
+        if let Some(limit) = limit {
+            if limit >= 0 {
+                let limit = limit as usize;
+                if limit > 0 && indices.len() > limit {
+                    next_page_token = Some(indices[limit - 1].index_name.clone());
+                }
+                indices.truncate(limit);
+            }
+        }
+        if indices.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            next_page_token
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ── Transaction helpers ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    fn transaction_operation_name(transaction: &Transaction) -> String {
+        match &transaction.operation {
+            Operation::CreateIndex {
+                new_indices,
+                removed_indices,
+            } if new_indices.is_empty() && !removed_indices.is_empty() => "DropIndex".to_string(),
+            _ => transaction.operation.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn transaction_response(
+        version: u64,
+        transaction: &Transaction,
+    ) -> DescribeTransactionResponse {
+        let mut properties = transaction
+            .transaction_properties
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|properties| (**properties).clone())
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+        properties.insert("uuid".to_string(), transaction.uuid.clone());
+        properties.insert("version".to_string(), version.to_string());
+        properties.insert(
+            "read_version".to_string(),
+            transaction.read_version.to_string(),
+        );
+        properties.insert(
+            "operation".to_string(),
+            Self::transaction_operation_name(transaction),
+        );
+        if let Some(tag) = &transaction.tag {
+            properties.insert("tag".to_string(), tag.clone());
+        }
+
+        DescribeTransactionResponse {
+            status: "SUCCEEDED".to_string(),
+            properties: Some(properties),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn describe_table_index_stats_response(
+        stats: &serde_json::Value,
+    ) -> DescribeTableIndexStatsResponse {
+        let get_i64 = |key: &str| {
+            stats.get(key).and_then(|value| {
+                value
+                    .as_i64()
+                    .or_else(|| value.as_u64().and_then(|v| i64::try_from(v).ok()))
+            })
+        };
+
+        DescribeTableIndexStatsResponse {
+            distance_type: stats
+                .get("distance_type")
+                .and_then(|value| value.as_str())
+                .map(str::to_string),
+            index_type: stats
+                .get("index_type")
+                .and_then(|value| value.as_str())
+                .map(str::to_string),
+            num_indexed_rows: get_i64("num_indexed_rows"),
+            num_unindexed_rows: get_i64("num_unindexed_rows"),
+            num_indices: get_i64("num_indices").and_then(|value| i32::try_from(value).ok()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn find_transaction(&self, dataset: &Dataset, id: &str) -> Result<(u64, Transaction)> {
+        if let Ok(version) = id.parse::<u64>() {
+            let transaction = dataset
+                .read_transaction_by_version(version)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                        message: format!(
+                            "Failed to read transaction for version {}: {}",
+                            version, e
+                        ),
+                    })
+                })?
+                .ok_or_else(|| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::TransactionNotFound {
+                        message: format!("version {}", version),
+                    })
+                })?;
+            return Ok((version, transaction));
+        }
+
+        let versions = dataset.versions().await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!(
+                    "Failed to list table versions while resolving transaction '{}': {}",
+                    id, e
+                ),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        for version in versions.into_iter().rev() {
+            if let Some(transaction) = dataset
+                .read_transaction_by_version(version.version)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                        message: format!(
+                            "Failed to read transaction for version {} while resolving '{}': {}",
+                            version.version, id, e
+                        ),
+                    })
+                })?
+            {
+                if transaction.uuid == id {
+                    return Ok((version.version, transaction));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Err(NamespaceError::TransactionNotFound {
+            message: id.to_string(),
+        }
+        .into())
+    }
+
+    // ── Version file helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async fn delete_physical_version_files(
+        &self,
+        table_entries: &[TableDeleteEntry],
+        best_effort: bool,
+    ) -> Result<i64> {
+        let mut deleted_count = 0i64;
+        for te in table_entries {
+            let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&te.table_id)?;
+            let table_path = Self::uri_to_object_store_path(&table_uri);
+            let versions_dir_path = table_path.child("_versions");
+
+            for (start, end) in &te.ranges {
+                for version in *start..=*end {
+                    let version_path =
+                        versions_dir_path.child(format!("{}.manifest", version as u64));
+                    match self.object_store.inner.delete(&version_path).await {
+                        Ok(_) => {
+                            deleted_count += 1;
+                        }
+                        Err(object_store::Error::NotFound { .. }) => {}
+                        Err(e) => {
+                            if best_effort {
+                                log::warn!(
+                                    "Failed to delete manifest file for version {} of table {:?}: {:?}",
+                                    version, te.table_id, e
+                                );
+                            } else {
+                                return Err(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                                    message: format!(
+                                        "Failed to delete version {} for table at '{}': {}",
+                                        version, table_uri, e
+                                    ),
+                                }
+                                .into());
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(deleted_count)
+    }
+
+    // ── Scanner configuration ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    fn configure_scanner(
+        scanner: &mut lance::dataset::scanner::Scanner,
+        query: &QueryTableRequest,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        if let Some(ref filter) = query.filter {
+            if !filter.is_empty() {
+                scanner.filter(filter).map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                        message: format!("Invalid filter expression: {}", e),
+                    })
+                })?;
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(ref columns) = query.columns {
+            if let Some(ref col_names) = columns.column_names {
+                let col_refs: Vec<&str> = col_names.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+                scanner.project(&col_refs).map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                        message: format!("Invalid column projection: {}", e),
+                    })
+                })?;
+            }
+        }
+        if query.k > 0 {
+            let _ = scanner.limit(Some(query.k as i64), query.offset.map(|o| o as i64));
+        } else if query.offset.is_some() {
+            let _ = scanner.limit(None, query.offset.map(|o| o as i64));
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // ── Directory helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /// List tables in a namespace directory by scanning for `*.lance` subdirectories.
+    async fn list_directory_tables(&self, ns_path: &Path) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
+        let mut tables = Vec::new();
+        let entries = self
+            .object_store
+            .read_dir(ns_path.clone())
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to list directory: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        for entry in entries {
+            let path = entry.trim_end_matches('/');
+            if path.ends_with(".lance") {
+                let table_name = &path[..path.len() - 6];
+                tables.push(table_name.to_string());
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(tables)
+    }
+
+    /// Recursively collect all tables from root, with namespace path prefixes.
+    ///
+    /// Note: this recurses into **all** non-`.lance` subdirectories, not only
+    /// those marked with `.lance-namespace`.  Stray directories that are not
+    /// namespaces will be traversed but will not produce false table entries
+    /// because only entries ending with `.lance` are collected.
+    async fn collect_tables_recursive(
+        &self,
+        dir: &Path,
+        prefix: &str,
+        tables: &mut Vec<String>,
+    ) {
+        let entries = match self.object_store.read_dir(dir.clone()).await {
+            Ok(entries) => entries,
+            Err(_) => return,
+        };
+
+        for entry in entries {
+            let name = entry.trim_end_matches('/');
+            let child_path = dir.child(name);
+            if name.ends_with(".lance") {
+                let table_name = &name[..name.len() - 6];
+                let full_name = if prefix.is_empty() {
+                    table_name.to_string()
+                } else {
+                    format!("{}/{}", prefix, table_name)
+                };
+                tables.push(full_name);
+            } else {
+                let new_prefix = if prefix.is_empty() {
+                    name.to_string()
+                } else {
+                    format!("{}/{}", prefix, name)
+                };
+                Box::pin(self.collect_tables_recursive(&child_path, &new_prefix, tables)).await;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
+
+// ── LanceNamespace trait implementation ──────────────────────────────────────
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl LanceNamespace for BaseLanceNamespace {
+    // ── Namespace Operations ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async fn list_namespaces(
+        &self,
+        request: ListNamespacesRequest,
+    ) -> Result<ListNamespacesResponse> {
+        let ns_path = self.resolve_namespace_path(&request.id);
+        self.ensure_namespace_exists(&ns_path, &request.id).await?;
+
+        let entries = self
+            .object_store
+            .read_dir(ns_path.clone())
+            .await
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        let mut namespaces = Vec::new();
+        for entry in entries {
+            let name = entry.trim_end_matches('/').to_string();
+            if name.ends_with(".lance") || name == ".lance-namespace" {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // Check if this subdirectory has a .lance-namespace marker
+            let child_marker = ns_path.child(name.as_str()).child(".lance-namespace");
+            if self.object_store.inner.head(&child_marker).await.is_ok() {
+                namespaces.push(name);
+            }
+        }
+        namespaces.sort();
+
+        Ok(ListNamespacesResponse::new(namespaces))
+    }
+
+    async fn describe_namespace(
+        &self,
+        request: DescribeNamespaceRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DescribeNamespaceResponse> {
+        let ns_path = self.resolve_namespace_path(&request.id);
+        self.ensure_namespace_exists(&ns_path, &request.id).await?;
+        #[allow(clippy::needless_update)]
+        Ok(DescribeNamespaceResponse {
+            properties: Some(HashMap::new()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn create_namespace(
+        &self,
+        request: CreateNamespaceRequest,
+    ) -> Result<CreateNamespaceResponse> {
+        let id = &request.id;
+        if id.is_none() || id.as_ref().unwrap().is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::NamespaceAlreadyExists {
+                message: "root namespace".to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let ns_path = self.resolve_namespace_path(id);
+        let ns_uri = self.resolve_namespace_uri(id);
+
+        // Check if already exists by looking for marker file
+        let marker_path = ns_path.child(".lance-namespace");
+        if self.object_store.inner.head(&marker_path).await.is_ok() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::NamespaceAlreadyExists {
+                message: id.as_ref().unwrap().join("/"),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        // Create directory by writing a placeholder file and then deleting it,
+        // since object stores don't have explicit directory creation.
+        // For local filesystem, we can just create the directory marker.
+        let marker_path = ns_path.child(".lance-namespace");
+        self.object_store
+            .inner
+            .put(&marker_path, bytes::Bytes::new().into())
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to create namespace at '{}': {}", ns_uri, e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(CreateNamespaceResponse {
+            properties: Some(HashMap::new()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn drop_namespace(&self, request: DropNamespaceRequest) -> Result<DropNamespaceResponse> {
+        let id = &request.id;
+        if id.is_none() || id.as_ref().unwrap().is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Root namespace cannot be dropped".to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let ns_path = self.resolve_namespace_path(id);
+        self.ensure_namespace_exists(&ns_path, id).await?;
+
+        // Check if namespace is empty (only .lance-namespace marker allowed)
+        let entries = self
+            .object_store
+            .read_dir(ns_path.clone())
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to check namespace: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        let non_marker_entries: Vec<_> = entries
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|e| !e.ends_with(".lance-namespace"))
+            .collect();
+
+        if !non_marker_entries.is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::NamespaceNotEmpty {
+                message: id.as_ref().unwrap().join("/"),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        // Delete the namespace directory
+        self.object_store
+            .remove_dir_all(ns_path)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to drop namespace: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(DropNamespaceResponse {
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn namespace_exists(&self, request: NamespaceExistsRequest) -> Result<()> {
+        let ns_path = self.resolve_namespace_path(&request.id);
+        self.ensure_namespace_exists(&ns_path, &request.id).await
+    }
+
+    // ── Table Operations ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async fn list_tables(&self, request: ListTablesRequest) -> Result<ListTablesResponse> {
+        let ns_path = self.resolve_namespace_path(&request.id);
+        self.ensure_namespace_exists(&ns_path, &request.id).await?;
+
+        let mut tables = self.list_directory_tables(&ns_path).await?;
+        let page_token = Self::apply_pagination(&mut tables, request.page_token, request.limit);
+
+        Ok(ListTablesResponse {
+            tables,
+            page_token,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn describe_table(
+        &self,
+        request: DescribeTableRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DescribeTableResponse> {
+        self.ensure_table_exists(&request.id).await?;
+
+        let table_name = Self::table_name_from_id(&request.id)?;
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let ns_path = Self::namespace_path_from_table_id(&request.id);
+
+        let load_detailed_metadata = request.load_detailed_metadata.unwrap_or(false);
+
+        if !load_detailed_metadata {
+            return Ok(DescribeTableResponse {
+                table: Some(table_name),
+                namespace: ns_path,
+                location: Some(table_uri.clone()),
+                table_uri: Some(table_uri),
+                ..Default::default()
+            });
+        }
+
+        let mut builder = DatasetBuilder::from_uri(&table_uri);
+        if let Some(opts) = &self.storage_options {
+            builder = builder.with_storage_options(opts.clone());
+        }
+        if let Some(sess) = &self.session {
+            builder = builder.with_session(sess.clone());
+        }
+        match builder.load().await {
+            Ok(mut dataset) => {
+                if let Some(requested_version) = request.version {
+                    dataset = dataset.checkout_version(requested_version as u64).await?;
+                }
+
+                let version_info = dataset.version();
+                let lance_schema = dataset.schema();
+                let arrow_schema: arrow_schema::Schema = lance_schema.into();
+                let json_schema = arrow_schema_to_json(&arrow_schema)?;
+
+                let metadata: HashMap<String, String> =
+                    version_info.metadata.into_iter().collect();
+
+                Ok(DescribeTableResponse {
+                    table: Some(table_name),
+                    namespace: ns_path,
+                    version: Some(version_info.version as i64),
+                    location: Some(table_uri.clone()),
+                    table_uri: Some(table_uri),
+                    schema: Some(Box::new(json_schema)),
+                    metadata: Some(metadata),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                })
+            }
+            Err(err) => Err(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!(
+                    "Table directory exists but cannot load dataset {}: {:?}",
+                    table_name, err
+                ),
+            }
+            .into()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn table_exists(&self, request: TableExistsRequest) -> Result<()> {
+        self.ensure_table_exists(&request.id).await
+    }
+
+    async fn create_table(
+        &self,
+        request: CreateTableRequest,
+        request_data: Bytes,
+    ) -> Result<CreateTableResponse> {
+        self.ensure_parent_namespace_exists(&request.id).await?;
+
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        if request_data.is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Request data (Arrow IPC stream) is required for create_table".to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        // Check if table already exists
+        if self.ensure_table_exists(&request.id).await.is_ok() {
+            let table_name = Self::table_name_from_id(&request.id)?;
+            return Err(NamespaceError::TableAlreadyExists {
+                message: table_name,
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let (arrow_schema, batches) = Self::decode_ipc_stream(&request_data)?;
+
+        let reader = if batches.is_empty() {
+            let batch = arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch::new_empty(arrow_schema.clone());
+            RecordBatchIterator::new(vec![Ok(batch)], arrow_schema.clone())
+        } else {
+            let batch_results: Vec<_> = batches.into_iter().map(Ok).collect();
+            RecordBatchIterator::new(batch_results, arrow_schema)
+        };
+
+        let store_params = self.storage_options.as_ref().map(|opts| ObjectStoreParams {
+            storage_options_accessor: Some(Arc::new(
+                lance_io::object_store::StorageOptionsAccessor::with_static_options(opts.clone()),
+            )),
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+
+        let write_params = WriteParams {
+            mode: WriteMode::Create,
+            store_params,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        Dataset::write(reader, &table_uri, Some(write_params))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to create Lance dataset: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(CreateTableResponse {
+            version: Some(1),
+            location: Some(table_uri),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn declare_table(&self, request: DeclareTableRequest) -> Result<DeclareTableResponse> {
+        self.ensure_parent_namespace_exists(&request.id).await?;
+
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let table_name = Self::table_name_from_id(&request.id)?;
+
+        // Check if table already exists
+        if self.ensure_table_exists(&request.id).await.is_ok() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::TableAlreadyExists {
+                message: table_name,
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        // Create a marker file to declare the table
+        let table_path = self.resolve_table_path(&request.id)?;
+        let reserved_path = table_path.child(".lance-reserved");
+        self.object_store
+            .inner
+            .put(&reserved_path, bytes::Bytes::new().into())
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to declare table {}: {}", table_name, e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(DeclareTableResponse {
+            location: Some(table_uri),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn register_table(
+        &self,
+        _request: RegisterTableRequest,
+    ) -> Result<RegisterTableResponse> {
+        Err(NamespaceError::Unsupported {
+            message: "register_table is not supported in base namespace".to_string(),
+        }
+        .into())
+    }
+
+    async fn deregister_table(
+        &self,
+        request: DeregisterTableRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DeregisterTableResponse> {
+        // In base namespace, deregister = drop (like the Java impl)
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        self.ensure_table_exists(&request.id).await?;
+
+        let table_path = self.resolve_table_path(&request.id)?;
+        self.object_store
+            .remove_dir_all(table_path)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to deregister table: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(DeregisterTableResponse {
+            id: request.id,
+            location: Some(table_uri),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn drop_table(&self, request: DropTableRequest) -> Result<DropTableResponse> {
+        self.ensure_table_exists(&request.id).await?;
+
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let table_path = self.resolve_table_path(&request.id)?;
+
+        self.object_store
+            .remove_dir_all(table_path)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to drop table: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(DropTableResponse {
+            id: request.id,
+            location: Some(table_uri),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn rename_table(&self, request: RenameTableRequest) -> Result<RenameTableResponse> {
+        self.ensure_table_exists(&request.id).await?;
+
+        let new_name = &request.new_table_name;
+        if new_name.is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "New table name is required".to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        // Build new table ID (same namespace, different name)
+        let ns_parts = Self::namespace_path_from_table_id(&request.id);
+        let mut new_id = ns_parts.unwrap_or_default();
+        new_id.push(new_name.to_string());
+        let new_id = Some(new_id);
+
+        // Check new table doesn't exist
+        if self.ensure_table_exists(&new_id).await.is_ok() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::TableAlreadyExists {
+                message: new_name.to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let old_path = self.resolve_table_path(&request.id)?;
+        let new_path = self.resolve_table_path(&new_id)?;
+
+        // Recursively copy all files to the new location, then remove the old directory.
+        // ObjectStore::rename only handles single objects, which is insufficient for
+        // Lance table directories on cloud storage.
+        let entries: Vec<object_store::ObjectMeta> = self
+            .object_store
+            .inner
+            .list(Some(&old_path))
+            .try_collect()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to list table files for rename: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        let old_prefix = old_path.as_ref();
+        let new_prefix = new_path.as_ref();
+
+        for meta in &entries {
+            let location_str = meta.location.as_ref();
+            let relative = location_str
+                .strip_prefix(old_prefix)
+                .unwrap_or(location_str)
+                .trim_start_matches('/');
+            let dest = if relative.is_empty() {
+                new_path.clone()
+            } else {
+                Path::from(format!("{}/{}", new_prefix, relative))
+            };
+            self.object_store
+                .inner
+                .copy(&meta.location, &dest)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                        message: format!("Failed to copy file during rename: {}", e),
+                    })
+                })?;
+        }
+
+        self.object_store
+            .remove_dir_all(old_path)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!(
+                        "Failed to remove old table directory during rename: {}",
+                        e
+                    ),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(RenameTableResponse {
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn restore_table(&self, request: RestoreTableRequest) -> Result<RestoreTableResponse> {
+        self.ensure_table_exists(&request.id).await?;
+
+        let version = request.version;
+
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let mut dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, Some(version), "restore_table")
+            .await?;
+        dataset.restore().await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to restore table to version {}: {}", version, e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(RestoreTableResponse {
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn list_all_tables(&self, _request: ListTablesRequest) -> Result<ListTablesResponse> {
+        let mut tables = Vec::new();
+        self.collect_tables_recursive(&self.base_path, "", &mut tables)
+            .await;
+        tables.sort();
+        Ok(ListTablesResponse::new(tables))
+    }
+
+    // ── Data Operations ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async fn count_table_rows(&self, request: CountTableRowsRequest) -> Result<i64> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "count_table_rows")
+            .await?;
+
+        let count = if let Some(ref predicate) = request.predicate {
+            if predicate.is_empty() {
+                dataset.count_rows(None).await
+            } else {
+                dataset.count_rows(Some(predicate.clone())).await
+            }
+        } else {
+            dataset.count_rows(None).await
+        }
+        .map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to count rows: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(count as i64)
+    }
+
+    async fn insert_into_table(
+        &self,
+        request: InsertIntoTableRequest,
+        request_data: Bytes,
+    ) -> Result<InsertIntoTableResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+
+        if request_data.is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Request data (Arrow IPC stream) is required for insert_into_table"
+                    .to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let (arrow_schema, batches) = Self::decode_ipc_stream(&request_data)?;
+        let batch_results: Vec<_> = batches.into_iter().map(Ok).collect();
+        let reader = RecordBatchIterator::new(batch_results, arrow_schema);
+
+        let store_params = self.storage_options.as_ref().map(|opts| ObjectStoreParams {
+            storage_options_accessor: Some(Arc::new(
+                lance_io::object_store::StorageOptionsAccessor::with_static_options(opts.clone()),
+            )),
+            ..Default::default()
+        });
+
+        let write_params = WriteParams {
+            mode: WriteMode::Append,
+            store_params,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        Dataset::write(reader, &table_uri, Some(write_params))
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to insert into table: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(InsertIntoTableResponse {
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn merge_insert_into_table(
+        &self,
+        request: MergeInsertIntoTableRequest,
+        request_data: Bytes,
+    ) -> Result<MergeInsertIntoTableResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "merge_insert_into_table")
+            .await?;
+
+        let on = request.on.as_deref().ok_or_else(|| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "'on' column(s) required for merge insert".to_string(),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        let on_columns: Vec<String> = on.split(',').map(|s| s.trim().to_string()).collect();
+        let dataset_arc = Arc::new(dataset);
+        let mut builder = lance::dataset::MergeInsertBuilder::try_new(dataset_arc, on_columns)
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                    message: format!("Failed to create merge insert builder: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        if request.when_matched_update_all == Some(true) {
+            if let Some(ref filt) = request.when_matched_update_all_filt {
+                builder.when_matched(
+                    lance::dataset::WhenMatched::UpdateIf(filt.clone()),
+                );
+            } else {
+                builder.when_matched(lance::dataset::WhenMatched::UpdateAll);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if request.when_not_matched_insert_all == Some(true) {
+            builder.when_not_matched(lance::dataset::WhenNotMatched::InsertAll);
+        }
+
+        if request.when_not_matched_by_source_delete == Some(true) {
+            builder.when_not_matched_by_source(
+                lance::dataset::WhenNotMatchedBySource::Delete,
+            );
+        }
+
+        let (arrow_schema, batches) = Self::decode_ipc_stream(&request_data)?;
+        let batch_results: Vec<_> = batches.into_iter().map(Ok).collect();
+        let reader = RecordBatchIterator::new(batch_results, arrow_schema);
+
+        let job = builder.try_build().map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: format!("Failed to build merge insert job: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        job.execute_reader(reader).await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to merge insert: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(MergeInsertIntoTableResponse {
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn update_table(&self, request: UpdateTableRequest) -> Result<UpdateTableResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "update_table")
+            .await?;
+
+        let dataset_arc = Arc::new(dataset);
+        let mut op = lance::dataset::UpdateBuilder::new(dataset_arc);
+
+        if let Some(ref predicate) = request.predicate {
+            if !predicate.is_empty() {
+                op = op.update_where(predicate).map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                        message: format!("Invalid update predicate: {}", e),
+                    })
+                })?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for update_pair in &request.updates {
+            if update_pair.len() >= 2 {
+                op = op.set(&update_pair[0], &update_pair[1]).map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                        message: format!("Invalid update expression: {}", e),
+                    })
+                })?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let job = op.build().map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: format!("Failed to build update job: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        job.execute().await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to update table: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(UpdateTableResponse {
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_from_table(
+        &self,
+        request: DeleteFromTableRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DeleteFromTableResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let mut dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "delete_from_table")
+            .await?;
+
+        let predicate = &request.predicate;
+        if predicate.is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Filter predicate is required for delete".to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        dataset.delete(predicate).await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to delete from table: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(DeleteFromTableResponse {
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn query_table(&self, request: QueryTableRequest) -> Result<Bytes> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, request.version, "query_table")
+            .await?;
+
+        let mut scanner = dataset.scan();
+        Self::configure_scanner(&mut scanner, &request)?;
+
+        let batches: Vec<arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch> = scanner
+            .try_into_stream()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to create scan stream: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?
+            .try_collect()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to collect scan results: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        // Serialize to Arrow IPC
+        let schema = if let Some(first) = batches.first() {
+            first.schema()
+        } else {
+            let lance_schema = dataset.schema();
+            Arc::new(lance_schema.into())
+        };
+
+        let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+        {
+            let mut writer =
+                arrow_ipc::writer::StreamWriter::try_new(&mut buffer, &schema).map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                        message: format!("Failed to create IPC writer: {}", e),
+                    })
+                })?;
+            for batch in &batches {
+                writer.write(batch).map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                        message: format!("Failed to write IPC batch: {}", e),
+                    })
+                })?;
+            }
+            writer.finish().map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to finish IPC stream: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(Bytes::from(buffer))
+    }
+
+    // ── Index Operations ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async fn create_table_index(
+        &self,
+        request: CreateTableIndexRequest,
+    ) -> Result<CreateTableIndexResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let mut dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "create_table_index")
+            .await?;
+        let index_request = Self::build_index_params(&request)?;
+
+        dataset
+            .create_index(
+                &[request.column.as_str()],
+                index_request.index_type(),
+                request.name.clone(),
+                index_request.params(),
+                false,
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to create index: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        let transaction_id = dataset
+            .read_transaction()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to read transaction after index creation: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?
+            .map(|t| t.uuid);
+
+        Ok(CreateTableIndexResponse { transaction_id })
+    }
+
+    async fn create_table_scalar_index(
+        &self,
+        request: CreateTableIndexRequest,
+    ) -> Result<CreateTableScalarIndexResponse> {
+        let index_type = Self::parse_index_type(&request.index_type)?;
+        if !index_type.is_scalar() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: format!(
+                    "create_table_scalar_index only supports scalar index types, got {}",
+                    request.index_type
+                ),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let response = self.create_table_index(request).await?;
+        Ok(CreateTableScalarIndexResponse {
+            transaction_id: response.transaction_id,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn list_table_indices(
+        &self,
+        request: ListTableIndicesRequest,
+    ) -> Result<ListTableIndicesResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, request.version, "list_table_indices")
+            .await?;
+
+        let mut indices = dataset
+            .describe_indices(None)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to describe table indices: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|description| {
+                description
+                    .metadata()
+                    .first()
+                    .map(|metadata| !is_system_index(metadata))
+                    .unwrap_or(false)
+            })
+            .map(|description| {
+                let columns = description
+                    .field_ids()
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|field_id| {
+                        dataset
+                            .schema()
+                            .field_path(i32::try_from(*field_id).map_err(|e| {
+                                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                                    message: format!("Field id {} does not fit in i32: {}", field_id, e),
+                                })
+                            })?)
+                            .map_err(|e| {
+                                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                                    message: format!(
+                                        "Failed to resolve field path for field_id {}: {}",
+                                        field_id, e
+                                    ),
+                                })
+                            })
+                    })
+                    .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+
+                Ok(IndexContent {
+                    index_name: description.name().to_string(),
+                    index_uuid: description.metadata()[0].uuid.to_string(),
+                    columns,
+                    status: "SUCCEEDED".to_string(),
+                })
+            })
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()?;
+
+        let page_token = Self::paginate_indices(&mut indices, request.page_token, request.limit);
+        Ok(ListTableIndicesResponse {
+            indexes: indices,
+            page_token,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn describe_table_index_stats(
+        &self,
+        request: DescribeTableIndexStatsRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DescribeTableIndexStatsResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, request.version, "describe_table_index_stats")
+            .await?;
+        let index_name = request.index_name.as_deref().ok_or_else(|| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Index name is required".to_string(),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        let metadatas = dataset.load_indices_by_name(index_name).await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to load index '{}' metadata: {}", index_name, e),
+            })
+        })?;
+        if metadatas.first().is_some_and(is_system_index) {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::Unsupported {
+                message: format!("System index '{}' is not exposed by this API", index_name),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let stats =
+            <Dataset as DatasetIndexExt>::index_statistics(&dataset, index_name)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                        message: format!("Failed to describe index statistics: {}", e),
+                    })
+                })?;
+        let stats: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(&stats).map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to parse index statistics: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(Self::describe_table_index_stats_response(&stats))
+    }
+
+    async fn drop_table_index(
+        &self,
+        request: DropTableIndexRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DropTableIndexResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let index_name = request.index_name.as_deref().ok_or_else(|| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Index name is required for drop_table_index".to_string(),
+            })
+        })?;
+        let mut dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "drop_table_index")
+            .await?;
+
+        let metadatas = dataset.load_indices_by_name(index_name).await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to load index '{}' before dropping: {}", index_name, e),
+            })
+        })?;
+        if metadatas.first().is_some_and(is_system_index) {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::Unsupported {
+                message: format!("System index '{}' cannot be dropped via this API", index_name),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        dataset.drop_index(index_name).await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to drop index '{}': {}", index_name, e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        let transaction_id = dataset
+            .read_transaction()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to read transaction after drop index: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?
+            .map(|t| t.uuid);
+
+        Ok(DropTableIndexResponse { transaction_id })
+    }
+
+    // ── Version Operations ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async fn list_table_versions(
+        &self,
+        request: ListTableVersionsRequest,
+    ) -> Result<ListTableVersionsResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let table_path = Self::uri_to_object_store_path(&table_uri);
+        let versions_dir = table_path.child("_versions");
+
+        let manifest_metas: Vec<_> = self
+            .object_store
+            .read_dir_all(&versions_dir, None)
+            .try_collect()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to list manifest files: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        let mut table_versions: Vec<TableVersion> = manifest_metas
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|meta| {
+                let filename = meta.location.filename()?;
+                let version_str = filename.strip_suffix(".manifest")?;
+                if version_str.starts_with('d') {
+                    return None;
+                }
+                let file_version: u64 = version_str.parse().ok()?;
+                // Lance V2 naming scheme stores manifests as
+                // `(u64::MAX - version).manifest` so that lexicographic listing
+                // returns newest versions first.  Detect this by checking
+                // whether the numeric value exceeds half of u64 range.
+                let actual_version = if file_version > u64::MAX / 2 {
+                    u64::MAX - file_version
+                } else {
+                    file_version
+                };
+
+                Some(TableVersion {
+                    version: actual_version as i64,
+                    manifest_path: meta.location.to_string(),
+                    manifest_size: Some(meta.size as i64),
+                    e_tag: meta.e_tag,
+                    timestamp_millis: Some(meta.last_modified.timestamp_millis()),
+                    metadata: None,
+                })
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let want_descending = request.descending == Some(true);
+        if want_descending {
+            table_versions.sort_by(|a, b| b.version.cmp(&a.version));
+        } else {
+            table_versions.sort_by(|a, b| a.version.cmp(&b.version));
+        }
+
+        if let Some(limit) = request.limit {
+            table_versions.truncate(limit as usize);
+        }
+
+        Ok(ListTableVersionsResponse {
+            versions: table_versions,
+            page_token: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn describe_table_version(
+        &self,
+        request: DescribeTableVersionRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DescribeTableVersionResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+
+        let mut builder = DatasetBuilder::from_uri(&table_uri);
+        if let Some(opts) = &self.storage_options {
+            builder = builder.with_storage_options(opts.clone());
+        }
+        if let Some(sess) = &self.session {
+            builder = builder.with_session(sess.clone());
+        }
+        let mut dataset = builder.load().await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to open table at '{}': {}", table_uri, e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        if let Some(version) = request.version {
+            dataset = dataset
+                .checkout_version(version as u64)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::TableVersionNotFound {
+                        message: format!("Failed to checkout version {}: {}", version, e),
+                    })
+                })?;
+        }
+
+        let version_info = dataset.version();
+        let manifest_location = dataset.manifest_location();
+        let metadata: HashMap<String, String> = version_info.metadata.into_iter().collect();
+
+        let table_version = TableVersion {
+            version: version_info.version as i64,
+            manifest_path: manifest_location.path.to_string(),
+            manifest_size: manifest_location.size.map(|s| s as i64),
+            e_tag: manifest_location.e_tag.clone(),
+            timestamp_millis: Some(version_info.timestamp.timestamp_millis()),
+            metadata: if metadata.is_empty() {
+                None
+            } else {
+                Some(metadata)
+            },
+        };
+
+        Ok(DescribeTableVersionResponse {
+            version: Box::new(table_version),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn create_table_version(
+        &self,
+        request: CreateTableVersionRequest,
+    ) -> Result<CreateTableVersionResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let staging_manifest_path = &request.manifest_path;
+        let version = request.version as u64;
+        // manifest_path and version are required (i64 and String, not Optional)
+        let table_path = Self::uri_to_object_store_path(&table_uri);
+
+        let naming_scheme = match request.naming_scheme.as_deref() {
+            Some("V1") => ManifestNamingScheme::V1,
+            _ => ManifestNamingScheme::V2,
+        };
+
+        let final_path = naming_scheme.manifest_path(&table_path, version);
+        let staging_path = Self::uri_to_object_store_path(staging_manifest_path);
+
+        let manifest_data = self
+            .object_store
+            .inner
+            .get(&staging_path)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to read staging manifest: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?
+            .bytes()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to read staging manifest bytes: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        let manifest_size = manifest_data.len() as i64;
+
+        let put_result = self
+            .object_store
+            .inner
+            .put_opts(
+                &final_path,
+                manifest_data.into(),
+                PutOptions {
+                    mode: PutMode::Create,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| match e {
+                ObjectStoreError::AlreadyExists { .. }
+                | ObjectStoreError::Precondition { .. } => {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::ConcurrentModification {
+                        message: format!("Version {} already exists", version),
+                    })
+                }
+                _ => lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to create version {}: {}", version, e),
+                }),
+            })?;
+
+        // Best-effort cleanup of staging manifest
+        if let Err(e) = self.object_store.inner.delete(&staging_path).await {
+            log::warn!("Failed to delete staging manifest: {:?}", e);
+        }
+
+        Ok(CreateTableVersionResponse {
+            transaction_id: None,
+            version: Some(Box::new(TableVersion {
+                version: version as i64,
+                manifest_path: final_path.to_string(),
+                manifest_size: Some(manifest_size),
+                e_tag: put_result.e_tag,
+                timestamp_millis: None,
+                metadata: None,
+            })),
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn batch_delete_table_versions(
+        &self,
+        request: BatchDeleteTableVersionsRequest,
+    ) -> Result<BatchDeleteTableVersionsResponse> {
+        let ranges: Vec<(i64, i64)> = request
+            .ranges
+            .iter()
+            .map(|r| {
+                let start = r.start_version;
+                let end = if r.end_version > 0 {
+                    r.end_version
+                } else {
+                    start
+                };
+                (start, end)
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let table_entries = vec![TableDeleteEntry {
+            table_id: request.id.clone(),
+            ranges,
+        }];
+
+        let total_deleted_count = self
+            .delete_physical_version_files(&table_entries, false)
+            .await?;
+
+        Ok(BatchDeleteTableVersionsResponse {
+            deleted_count: Some(total_deleted_count),
+            transaction_id: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    // ── Schema Operations ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async fn alter_table_add_columns(
+        &self,
+        request: AlterTableAddColumnsRequest,
+    ) -> Result<AlterTableAddColumnsResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let mut dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "alter_table_add_columns")
+            .await?;
+
+        let transforms = &request.new_columns;
+
+        if transforms.is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "At least one column transform is required".to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let sql_pairs: Vec<(String, String)> = transforms
+            .iter()
+            .map(|t| {
+                (
+                    t.name.clone(),
+                    t.expression.clone().unwrap_or_default(),
+                )
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        dataset
+            .add_columns(
+                lance::dataset::NewColumnTransform::SqlExpressions(sql_pairs),
+                None,
+                None,
+            )
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to add columns: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(AlterTableAddColumnsResponse {
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn alter_table_alter_columns(
+        &self,
+        request: AlterTableAlterColumnsRequest,
+    ) -> Result<AlterTableAlterColumnsResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let mut dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "alter_table_alter_columns")
+            .await?;
+
+        let entries = &request.alterations;
+
+        if entries.is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "At least one column alteration is required".to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let alterations: Vec<lance::dataset::ColumnAlteration> = entries
+            .iter()
+            .map(|entry| {
+                let mut alt = lance::dataset::ColumnAlteration::new(entry.path.clone());
+                if let Some(ref rename) = entry.rename {
+                    alt = alt.rename(rename.to_string());
+                }
+                if let Some(nullable) = entry.nullable {
+                    alt = alt.set_nullable(nullable);
+                }
+                alt
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        dataset.alter_columns(&alterations).await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to alter columns: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(AlterTableAlterColumnsResponse {
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn alter_table_drop_columns(
+        &self,
+        request: AlterTableDropColumnsRequest,
+    ) -> Result<AlterTableDropColumnsResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let mut dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "alter_table_drop_columns")
+            .await?;
+
+        let columns = &request.columns;
+        if columns.is_empty() {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "At least one column name is required".to_string(),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let col_refs: Vec<&str> = columns.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+        dataset.drop_columns(&col_refs).await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to drop columns: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(AlterTableDropColumnsResponse {
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn update_table_schema_metadata(
+        &self,
+        request: UpdateTableSchemaMetadataRequest,
+    ) -> Result<UpdateTableSchemaMetadataResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let mut dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "update_table_schema_metadata")
+            .await?;
+
+        let entries: Vec<(&str, &str)> = request
+            .metadata
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|m| {
+                m.iter()
+                    .map(|(k, v)| (k.as_str(), v.as_str()))
+                    .collect()
+            })
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        let updated = dataset
+            .update_schema_metadata(entries)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to update schema metadata: {}", e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        let transaction_id = dataset
+            .read_transaction()
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!(
+                        "Failed to read transaction after schema metadata update: {}",
+                        e
+                    ),
+                })
+            })?
+            .map(|t| t.uuid);
+
+        Ok(UpdateTableSchemaMetadataResponse {
+            metadata: Some(updated),
+            transaction_id,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn get_table_stats(
+        &self,
+        request: GetTableStatsRequest,
+    ) -> Result<GetTableStatsResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "get_table_stats")
+            .await?;
+
+        let row_count = dataset.count_rows(None).await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to count rows for stats: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        let fragments = dataset.get_fragments();
+        let mut fragment_lengths = Vec::with_capacity(fragments.len());
+        for f in &fragments {
+            let count = f.count_rows(None).await.unwrap_or(0) as i64;
+            fragment_lengths.push(count);
+        }
+        let num_fragments = fragment_lengths.len() as i64;
+        let num_small_fragments = fragment_lengths.iter().filter(|&&l| l < 1024).count() as i64;
+
+        let (min, max, mean, p25, p50, p75, p99) = if fragment_lengths.is_empty() {
+            (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
+        } else {
+            let mut sorted = fragment_lengths.clone();
+            sorted.sort();
+            let len = sorted.len();
+            let sum: i64 = sorted.iter().sum();
+            let percentile = |p: usize| sorted[(len - 1) * p / 100];
+            (
+                sorted[0],
+                sorted[len - 1],
+                sum / len as i64,
+                percentile(25),
+                percentile(50),
+                percentile(75),
+                percentile(99),
+            )
+        };
+
+        let num_indices = dataset
+            .describe_indices(None)
+            .await
+            .map(|v| v.len() as i64)
+            .unwrap_or(0);
+
+        Ok(GetTableStatsResponse::new(
+            0, // total_bytes — not easily available without scanning all files
+            row_count as i64,
+            num_indices,
+            lance_namespace::models::FragmentStats::new(
+                num_fragments,
+                num_small_fragments,
+                lance_namespace::models::FragmentSummary::new(min, max, mean, p25, p50, p75, p99),
+            ),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    // ── Transaction Operations ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async fn describe_transaction(
+        &self,
+        request: DescribeTransactionRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DescribeTransactionResponse> {
+        let mut request_id = request.id.ok_or_else(|| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: "Transaction id must include table id and transaction identifier"
+                    .to_string(),
+            })
+        })?;
+        if request_id.len() < 2 {
+            return Err(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                message: format!(
+                    "Transaction request id must include table id and transaction identifier, got {:?}",
+                    request_id
+                ),
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let id = request_id.pop().expect("request_id len checked above");
+        let table_id = Some(request_id);
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&table_id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "describe_transaction")
+            .await?;
+        let (version, transaction) = self.find_transaction(&dataset, &id).await?;
+
+        Ok(Self::transaction_response(version, &transaction))
+    }
+
+    async fn alter_transaction(
+        &self,
+        _request: AlterTransactionRequest,
+    ) -> Result<AlterTransactionResponse> {
+        Err(NamespaceError::Unsupported {
+            message: "alter_transaction is not supported in base namespace".to_string(),
+        }
+        .into())
+    }
+
+    // ── Query Plan Operations ───────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async fn explain_table_query_plan(
+        &self,
+        request: ExplainTableQueryPlanRequest,
+    ) -> Result<String> {
+        let query = &request.query;
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&query.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, query.version, "explain_table_query_plan")
+            .await?;
+
+        let mut scanner = dataset.scan();
+        Self::configure_scanner(&mut scanner, query)?;
+
+        let verbose = request.verbose.unwrap_or(false);
+        scanner.explain_plan(verbose).await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to explain query plan: {}", e),
+            })
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn analyze_table_query_plan(
+        &self,
+        request: AnalyzeTableQueryPlanRequest,
+    ) -> Result<String> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, request.version, "analyze_table_query_plan")
+            .await?;
+
+        let mut scanner = dataset.scan();
+        if let Some(ref filter) = request.filter {
+            if !filter.is_empty() {
+                scanner.filter(filter).map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                        message: format!("Invalid filter expression: {}", e),
+                    })
+                })?;
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(ref columns) = request.columns {
+            if let Some(ref col_names) = columns.column_names {
+                let col_refs: Vec<&str> = col_names.iter().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect();
+                scanner.project(&col_refs).map_err(|e| {
+                    lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::InvalidInput {
+                        message: format!("Invalid column projection: {}", e),
+                    })
+                })?;
+            }
+        }
+        if request.k > 0 {
+            let _ = scanner.limit(Some(request.k as i64), request.offset.map(|o| o as i64));
+        }
+
+        // analyze = explain with verbose
+        scanner.explain_plan(true).await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to analyze query plan: {}", e),
+            })
+        })
+    }
+
+    // ── Tag Operations ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    async fn create_table_tag(
+        &self,
+        request: CreateTableTagRequest,
+    ) -> Result<CreateTableTagResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "create_table_tag")
+            .await?;
+
+        dataset
+            .tags()
+            .create(&request.tag, request.version as u64)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to create tag '{}': {}", request.tag, e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(CreateTableTagResponse {
+            transaction_id: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn delete_table_tag(
+        &self,
+        request: DeleteTableTagRequest,
+    ) -> Result<DeleteTableTagResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "delete_table_tag")
+            .await?;
+
+        dataset.tags().delete(&request.tag).await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to delete tag '{}': {}", request.tag, e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        Ok(DeleteTableTagResponse {
+            transaction_id: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn update_table_tag(
+        &self,
+        request: UpdateTableTagRequest,
+    ) -> Result<UpdateTableTagResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "update_table_tag")
+            .await?;
+
+        dataset
+            .tags()
+            .update(&request.tag, request.version as u64)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to update tag '{}': {}", request.tag, e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(UpdateTableTagResponse {
+            transaction_id: None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn list_table_tags(
+        &self,
+        request: ListTableTagsRequest,
+    ) -> Result<ListTableTagsResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "list_table_tags")
+            .await?;
+
+        let sdk_tags = dataset.tags().list().await.map_err(|e| {
+            lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                message: format!("Failed to list tags: {}", e),
+            })
+        })?;
+
+        let mut tags: HashMap<String, TagContents> = sdk_tags
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(name, contents)| {
+                (
+                    name,
+                    TagContents {
+                        branch: contents.branch,
+                        version: contents.version as i64,
+                        manifest_size: contents.manifest_size as i64,
+                    },
+                )
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        // Apply pagination
+        let mut tag_names: Vec<String> = tags.keys().cloned().collect();
+        tag_names.sort();
+
+        if let Some(ref start_after) = request.page_token {
+            tag_names.retain(|name| name.as_str() > start_after.as_str());
+        }
+
+        let mut page_token = None;
+        if let Some(limit) = request.limit {
+            let limit = limit as usize;
+            if limit > 0 && tag_names.len() > limit {
+                page_token = Some(tag_names[limit - 1].clone());
+                tag_names.truncate(limit);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let filtered_tags: HashMap<String, TagContents> = tag_names
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|name| tags.remove(&name).map(|contents| (name, contents)))
+            .collect();
+
+        Ok(ListTableTagsResponse {
+            tags: filtered_tags,
+            page_token,
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn get_table_tag_version(
+        &self,
+        request: GetTableTagVersionRequest,
+    ) -> Result<GetTableTagVersionResponse> {
+        let table_uri = self.resolve_table_uri(&request.id)?;
+        let dataset = self
+            .load_dataset(&table_uri, None, "get_table_tag_version")
+            .await?;
+
+        let version = dataset
+            .tags()
+            .get_version(&request.tag)
+            .await
+            .map_err(|e| {
+                lance_core::Error::from(NamespaceError::Internal {
+                    message: format!("Failed to get version for tag '{}': {}", request.tag, e),
+                })
+            })?;
+
+        Ok(GetTableTagVersionResponse {
+            version: version as i64,
+        })
+    }
+
+    // ── Utility ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    fn namespace_id(&self) -> String {
+        format!("BaseLanceNamespace{{root={}}}", self.root)
+    }
+}
+
+// ── Tests ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use arrow::array::{Int32Array, StringArray};
+    use arrow::datatypes::{DataType, Field, Schema as ArrowSchema};
+    use arrow_ipc::reader::StreamReader;
+    use std::io::Cursor;
+
+    fn create_ipc_data_from_batches(
+        schema: Arc<ArrowSchema>,
+        batches: Vec<arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch>,
+    ) -> Vec<u8> {
+        let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+        {
+            let mut writer =
+                arrow_ipc::writer::StreamWriter::try_new(&mut buffer, &schema).unwrap();
+            for batch in &batches {
+                writer.write(batch).unwrap();
+            }
+            writer.finish().unwrap();
+        }
+        buffer
+    }
+
+    fn create_test_table_data() -> Vec<u8> {
+        let schema = Arc::new(ArrowSchema::new(vec![
+            Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
+            Field::new("name", DataType::Utf8, true),
+            Field::new("age", DataType::Int32, true),
+        ]));
+        let batch = arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch::try_new(
+            schema.clone(),
+            vec![
+                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 2, 3])),
+                Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"])),
+                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![30, 25, 35])),
+            ],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        create_ipc_data_from_batches(schema, vec![batch])
+    }
+
+    fn create_additional_data() -> Vec<u8> {
+        let schema = Arc::new(ArrowSchema::new(vec![
+            Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
+            Field::new("name", DataType::Utf8, true),
+            Field::new("age", DataType::Int32, true),
+        ]));
+        let batch = arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch::try_new(
+            schema.clone(),
+            vec![
+                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![4, 5])),
+                Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["Dave", "Eve"])),
+                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![40, 28])),
+            ],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        create_ipc_data_from_batches(schema, vec![batch])
+    }
+
+    async fn create_test_namespace() -> (BaseLanceNamespace, tempfile::TempDir) {
+        let temp_dir = tempfile::TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let namespace = BaseLanceNamespaceBuilder::new(temp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap())
+            .build()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        (namespace, temp_dir)
+    }
+
+    async fn create_namespace(ns: &BaseLanceNamespace, parts: &[&str]) {
+        ns.create_namespace(CreateNamespaceRequest {
+            id: Some(parts.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    async fn create_test_table(ns: &BaseLanceNamespace, id_parts: &[&str]) {
+        let data = create_test_table_data();
+        ns.create_table(
+            CreateTableRequest {
+                id: Some(id_parts.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(data),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    fn count_rows_in_ipc(data: &[u8]) -> usize {
+        let cursor = Cursor::new(data);
+        let reader = StreamReader::try_new(cursor, None).unwrap();
+        let mut total = 0;
+        for batch in reader {
+            total += batch.unwrap().num_rows();
+        }
+        total
+    }
+
+    fn table_id(parts: &[&str]) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
+        Some(parts.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect())
+    }
+
+    // ── Namespace Operations ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_id() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        assert!(ns.namespace_id().contains("BaseLanceNamespace"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_and_list_namespaces() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_namespaces(ListNamespacesRequest {
+                id: None,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.namespaces.contains(&"workspace".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_namespace_already_exists() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .create_namespace(CreateNamespaceRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("already exists"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_namespace() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .describe_namespace(DescribeNamespaceRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.properties.is_some());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_namespace_exists() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+
+        assert!(ns
+            .namespace_exists(NamespaceExistsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .is_ok());
+
+        assert!(ns
+            .namespace_exists(NamespaceExistsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["nonexistent"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_drop_namespace() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+
+        ns.drop_namespace(DropNamespaceRequest {
+            id: table_id(&["workspace"]),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(ns
+            .namespace_exists(NamespaceExistsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_drop_namespace_not_empty() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .drop_namespace(DropNamespaceRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("not empty"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_nested_namespaces() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["org"]).await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["org", "team"]).await;
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_namespaces(ListNamespacesRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["org"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.namespaces.contains(&"team".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    // ── Table Operations ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+
+        let data = create_test_table_data();
+        let resp = ns
+            .create_table(
+                CreateTableRequest {
+                    id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                Bytes::from(data),
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(resp.location.unwrap().contains("test_table"));
+        assert_eq!(resp.version, Some(1));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_table_already_exists() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let data = create_test_table_data();
+        let result = ns
+            .create_table(
+                CreateTableRequest {
+                    id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                Bytes::from(data),
+            )
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("already exists"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_tables() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "table1"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "table2"]).await;
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_tables(ListTablesRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.tables.len(), 2);
+        assert!(resp.tables.contains(&"table1".to_string()));
+        assert!(resp.tables.contains(&"table2".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .describe_table(DescribeTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                load_detailed_metadata: Some(true),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(resp.location.unwrap().contains("test_table"));
+        assert_eq!(resp.version, Some(1));
+        assert!(resp.schema.is_some());
+        assert_eq!(resp.schema.unwrap().fields.len(), 3);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_table_exists() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        assert!(ns
+            .table_exists(TableExistsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .is_ok());
+
+        assert!(ns
+            .table_exists(TableExistsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "nonexistent"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_drop_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        ns.drop_table(DropTableRequest {
+            id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(ns
+            .table_exists(TableExistsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_count_table_rows() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let count = ns
+            .count_table_rows(CountTableRowsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, 3);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_table_at_root_level() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+
+        let data = create_test_table_data();
+        let resp = ns
+            .create_table(
+                CreateTableRequest {
+                    id: table_id(&["root_table"]),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                Bytes::from(data),
+            )
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.location.is_some());
+
+        let count = ns
+            .count_table_rows(CountTableRowsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["root_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, 3);
+    }
+
+    // ── Data Operations ─────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_insert_into_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let additional = create_additional_data();
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(additional),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let count = ns
+            .count_table_rows(CountTableRowsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, 5);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_query_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .query_table(QueryTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count_rows_in_ipc(&result), 3);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_query_table_with_filter() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .query_table(QueryTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                filter: Some("age > 28".to_string()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count_rows_in_ipc(&result), 2); // Alice (30) and Charlie (35)
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_query_table_with_projection() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let mut columns = lance_namespace::models::QueryTableRequestColumns::new();
+        columns.column_names = Some(vec!["id".to_string(), "name".to_string()]);
+
+        let result = ns
+            .query_table(QueryTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                columns: Some(Box::new(columns)),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let cursor = Cursor::new(&result[..]);
+        let reader = StreamReader::try_new(cursor, None).unwrap();
+        let schema = reader.schema();
+        assert_eq!(schema.fields().len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(schema.field(0).name(), "id");
+        assert_eq!(schema.field(1).name(), "name");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_delete_from_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        ns.delete_from_table(DeleteFromTableRequest {
+            id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+            predicate: "id = 2".to_string(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let count = ns
+            .count_table_rows(CountTableRowsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, 2);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_merge_insert_into_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        // Merge data: update id=1, insert id=4
+        let schema = Arc::new(ArrowSchema::new(vec![
+            Field::new("id", DataType::Int32, false),
+            Field::new("name", DataType::Utf8, true),
+            Field::new("age", DataType::Int32, true),
+        ]));
+        let batch = arrow::record_batch::RecordBatch::try_new(
+            schema.clone(),
+            vec![
+                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![1, 4])),
+                Arc::new(StringArray::from(vec!["Alice Updated", "Dave"])),
+                Arc::new(Int32Array::from(vec![31, 40])),
+            ],
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let merge_data = create_ipc_data_from_batches(schema, vec![batch]);
+
+        ns.merge_insert_into_table(
+            MergeInsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                on: Some("id".to_string()),
+                when_matched_update_all: Some(true),
+                when_not_matched_insert_all: Some(true),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(merge_data),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let count = ns
+            .count_table_rows(CountTableRowsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, 4); // Alice updated, Bob, Charlie, Dave
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_insert_query_delete_roundtrip() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Verify initial
+        let result = ns
+            .query_table(QueryTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count_rows_in_ipc(&result), 3);
+
+        // Insert more
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let result = ns
+            .query_table(QueryTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count_rows_in_ipc(&result), 5);
+
+        // Delete
+        ns.delete_from_table(DeleteFromTableRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            predicate: "id >= 4".to_string(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let result = ns
+            .query_table(QueryTableRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count_rows_in_ipc(&result), 3);
+    }
+
+    // ── Index Operations ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_and_list_scalar_index() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        ns.create_table_scalar_index(CreateTableIndexRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            column: "id".to_string(),
+            index_type: "btree".to_string(),
+            name: Some("id_idx".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_table_indices(ListTableIndicesRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.indexes.len(), 1);
+        assert!(resp.indexes[0].columns.contains(&"id".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_drop_table_index() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        ns.create_table_scalar_index(CreateTableIndexRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            column: "id".to_string(),
+            index_type: "btree".to_string(),
+            name: Some("id_idx".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_table_indices(ListTableIndicesRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let index_name = resp.indexes[0].index_name.clone();
+
+        ns.drop_table_index(DropTableIndexRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            index_name: Some(index_name),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_table_indices(ListTableIndicesRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.indexes.len(), 0);
+    }
+
+    // ── Schema Operations ───────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_alter_table_add_columns() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        let mut transform = lance_namespace::models::NewColumnTransform::new(
+            "score".to_string(),
+        );
+        transform.expression = Some("0".to_string());
+
+        ns.alter_table_add_columns(AlterTableAddColumnsRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            new_columns: vec![transform],
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .describe_table(DescribeTableRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                load_detailed_metadata: Some(true),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let schema = resp.schema.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(schema.fields.len(), 4);
+        assert!(schema.fields.iter().any(|f| f.name == "score"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_alter_table_drop_columns() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        ns.alter_table_drop_columns(AlterTableDropColumnsRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            columns: vec!["age".to_string()],
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .describe_table(DescribeTableRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                load_detailed_metadata: Some(true),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let schema = resp.schema.unwrap();
+        assert!(!schema.fields.iter().any(|f| f.name == "age"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_alter_table_alter_columns() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        let mut entry = lance_namespace::models::AlterColumnsEntry::new(
+            "name".to_string(),
+            serde_json::Value::Null,
+        );
+        entry.rename = Some("full_name".to_string());
+
+        ns.alter_table_alter_columns(AlterTableAlterColumnsRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            alterations: vec![entry],
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .describe_table(DescribeTableRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                load_detailed_metadata: Some(true),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let schema = resp.schema.unwrap();
+        assert!(schema.fields.iter().any(|f| f.name == "full_name"));
+        assert!(!schema.fields.iter().any(|f| f.name == "name"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_get_table_stats() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .get_table_stats(GetTableStatsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.num_rows, 3);
+    }
+
+    // ── Version Operations ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_table_versions() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Insert to create version 2
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_table_versions(ListTableVersionsRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.versions.len() >= 2);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_restore_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Insert to create version 2 (5 rows total)
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let count = ns
+            .count_table_rows(CountTableRowsRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, 5);
+
+        // Restore to version 1
+        ns.restore_table(RestoreTableRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            version: 1,
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let count = ns
+            .count_table_rows(CountTableRowsRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, 3);
+    }
+
+    // ── Advanced ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_table_in_child_namespace() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["org"]).await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["org", "team"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["org", "team", "dataset"]).await;
+
+        let count = ns
+            .count_table_rows(CountTableRowsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["org", "team", "dataset"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, 3);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_rename_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        ns.rename_table(RenameTableRequest {
+            id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+            new_table_name: "renamed_table".to_string(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Old name should not exist
+        assert!(ns
+            .table_exists(TableExistsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .is_err());
+
+        // New name should exist
+        assert!(ns
+            .table_exists(TableExistsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "renamed_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .is_ok());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_all_tables() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["ns1"]).await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["ns2"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["ns1", "table_a"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["ns2", "table_b"]).await;
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_all_tables(ListTablesRequest {
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.tables.len(), 2);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_deregister_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        ns.deregister_table(DeregisterTableRequest {
+            id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Table should be gone
+        assert!(ns
+            .table_exists(TableExistsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .is_err());
+    }
+
+    // ── Additional coverage ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_update_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        ns.update_table(UpdateTableRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            updates: vec![vec!["age".to_string(), "age + 1".to_string()]],
+            predicate: Some("id = 1".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let result = ns
+            .query_table(QueryTableRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                filter: Some("id = 1".to_string()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let cursor = Cursor::new(&result[..]);
+        let reader = StreamReader::try_new(cursor, None).unwrap();
+        for batch in reader {
+            let batch = batch.unwrap();
+            let ages = batch
+                .column_by_name("age")
+                .unwrap()
+                .as_any()
+                .downcast_ref::<Int32Array>()
+                .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(ages.value(0), 31); // was 30, now 31
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_declare_table() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "reserved_table"]);
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .declare_table(DeclareTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.location.is_some());
+
+        // Table directory should exist (has .lance-reserved marker)
+        assert!(ns
+            .table_exists(TableExistsRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .is_ok());
+
+        // Declaring the same table again should fail
+        let result = ns
+            .declare_table(DeclareTableRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_table_version() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .describe_table_version(DescribeTableVersionRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                version: Some(1),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.version.version, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_count_table_rows_with_predicate() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let count = ns
+            .count_table_rows(CountTableRowsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                predicate: Some("age > 28".to_string()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, 2); // Alice (30) and Charlie (35)
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_rename_table_preserves_data() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        ns.rename_table(RenameTableRequest {
+            id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+            new_table_name: "renamed_table".to_string(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Verify data is preserved after rename
+        let count = ns
+            .count_table_rows(CountTableRowsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "renamed_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, 3);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_all_tables_includes_namespace_prefix() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["ns1"]).await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["ns2"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["ns1", "table_a"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["ns2", "table_b"]).await;
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_all_tables(ListTablesRequest {
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.tables.contains(&"ns1/table_a".to_string()));
+        assert!(resp.tables.contains(&"ns2/table_b".to_string()));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_tables_pagination() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "alpha"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "beta"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "gamma"]).await;
+
+        // Page 1: limit 2
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_tables(ListTablesRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace"]),
+                limit: Some(2),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.tables.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(resp.tables[0], "alpha");
+        assert_eq!(resp.tables[1], "beta");
+        assert!(resp.page_token.is_some());
+
+        // Page 2: use page_token
+        let resp2 = ns
+            .list_tables(ListTablesRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace"]),
+                page_token: resp.page_token,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp2.tables.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(resp2.tables[0], "gamma");
+    }
+
+    // ── Error cases ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_table_empty_data() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .create_table(
+                CreateTableRequest {
+                    id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                Bytes::new(),
+            )
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result
+            .unwrap_err()
+            .to_string()
+            .contains("required for create_table"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_insert_into_table_empty_data() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .insert_into_table(
+                InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                    id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                Bytes::new(),
+            )
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result
+            .unwrap_err()
+            .to_string()
+            .contains("required for insert_into_table"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_delete_from_table_empty_predicate() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .delete_from_table(DeleteFromTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                predicate: "".to_string(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result
+            .unwrap_err()
+            .to_string()
+            .contains("predicate is required"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_register_table_unsupported() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .register_table(RegisterTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("not supported"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_drop_root_namespace_fails() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .drop_namespace(DropNamespaceRequest {
+                id: Some(vec![]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_root_namespace_fails() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .create_namespace(CreateNamespaceRequest {
+                id: Some(vec![]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("already exists"));
+    }
+
+    // ── Builder ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_from_properties_builder() {
+        let temp_dir = tempfile::TempDir::new().unwrap();
+        let root = temp_dir.path().to_str().unwrap().to_string();
+
+        let mut properties = HashMap::new();
+        properties.insert("root".to_string(), root);
+        properties.insert("storage.key1".to_string(), "value1".to_string());
+
+        let ns = BaseLanceNamespaceBuilder::from_properties(properties, None)
+            .unwrap()
+            .build()
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(ns.namespace_id().contains("BaseLanceNamespace"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_from_properties_missing_root() {
+        let properties = HashMap::new();
+        let result = BaseLanceNamespaceBuilder::from_properties(properties, None);
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    // ── Unsupported operations ─────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_alter_transaction_unsupported() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        let result = ns
+            .alter_transaction(AlterTransactionRequest {
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("not supported"));
+    }
+
+    // ── Tag operations ────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_and_get_table_tag() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        ns.create_table_tag(CreateTableTagRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            tag: "v1.0".to_string(),
+            version: 1,
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .get_table_tag_version(GetTableTagVersionRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                tag: "v1.0".to_string(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.version, 1);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_table_tags() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        ns.create_table_tag(CreateTableTagRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            tag: "v1.0".to_string(),
+            version: 1,
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Insert to create version 2
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        ns.create_table_tag(CreateTableTagRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            tag: "v2.0".to_string(),
+            version: 2,
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_table_tags(ListTableTagsRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.tags.len(), 2);
+        assert!(resp.tags.contains_key("v1.0"));
+        assert!(resp.tags.contains_key("v2.0"));
+        assert_eq!(resp.tags["v1.0"].version, 1);
+        assert_eq!(resp.tags["v2.0"].version, 2);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_update_table_tag() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        ns.create_table_tag(CreateTableTagRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            tag: "latest".to_string(),
+            version: 1,
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Insert to create version 2
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        ns.update_table_tag(UpdateTableTagRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            tag: "latest".to_string(),
+            version: 2,
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .get_table_tag_version(GetTableTagVersionRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                tag: "latest".to_string(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.version, 2);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_delete_table_tag() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        ns.create_table_tag(CreateTableTagRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            tag: "to-delete".to_string(),
+            version: 1,
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        ns.delete_table_tag(DeleteTableTagRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            tag: "to-delete".to_string(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_table_tags(ListTableTagsRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.tags.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_table_tags_pagination() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        for i in 1..=3 {
+            ns.create_table_tag(CreateTableTagRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                tag: format!("tag-{}", i),
+                version: 1,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        }
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_table_tags(ListTableTagsRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                limit: Some(2),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.tags.len(), 2);
+        assert!(resp.page_token.is_some());
+    }
+
+    // ── Query plan operations ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_explain_table_query_plan() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let query = QueryTableRequest {
+            id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+            filter: Some("age > 25".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let plan = ns
+            .explain_table_query_plan(ExplainTableQueryPlanRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                query: Box::new(query),
+                verbose: Some(false),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(!plan.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_explain_table_query_plan_verbose() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let query = QueryTableRequest {
+            id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        let plan = ns
+            .explain_table_query_plan(ExplainTableQueryPlanRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                query: Box::new(query),
+                verbose: Some(true),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(!plan.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_analyze_table_query_plan() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let plan = ns
+            .analyze_table_query_plan(AnalyzeTableQueryPlanRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                filter: Some("age > 25".to_string()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(!plan.is_empty());
+    }
+
+    // ── Update table schema metadata ──────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_update_table_schema_metadata() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        let mut metadata = HashMap::new();
+        metadata.insert("author".to_string(), "test".to_string());
+        metadata.insert("version_label".to_string(), "initial".to_string());
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .update_table_schema_metadata(UpdateTableSchemaMetadataRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                metadata: Some(metadata),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.metadata.is_some());
+        let updated = resp.metadata.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(updated.get("author").unwrap(), "test");
+        assert_eq!(updated.get("version_label").unwrap(), "initial");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_update_table_schema_metadata_empty() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Empty metadata should succeed (no-op merge)
+        let resp = ns
+            .update_table_schema_metadata(UpdateTableSchemaMetadataRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                metadata: None,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.metadata.is_some());
+    }
+
+    // ── Describe transaction ───────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_transaction() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Insert to create a transaction at version 2
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Describe by version number
+        let resp = ns
+            .describe_transaction(DescribeTransactionRequest {
+                id: Some(vec![
+                    "workspace".to_string(),
+                    "test_table".to_string(),
+                    "2".to_string(),
+                ]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.status, "SUCCEEDED");
+        assert!(resp.properties.is_some());
+        let props = resp.properties.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(props.get("version").unwrap(), "2");
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_transaction_not_found() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .describe_transaction(DescribeTransactionRequest {
+                id: Some(vec![
+                    "workspace".to_string(),
+                    "test_table".to_string(),
+                    "nonexistent-uuid".to_string(),
+                ]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_transaction_missing_id() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .describe_transaction(DescribeTransactionRequest {
+                id: None,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_transaction_short_id() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .describe_transaction(DescribeTransactionRequest {
+                id: Some(vec!["only_one_part".to_string()]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    // ── Describe table index stats ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_table_index_stats() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        ns.create_table_scalar_index(CreateTableIndexRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            column: "id".to_string(),
+            index_type: "btree".to_string(),
+            name: Some("id_stats_idx".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .describe_table_index_stats(DescribeTableIndexStatsRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                index_name: Some("id_stats_idx".to_string()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.num_indexed_rows.is_some());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_table_index_stats_missing_name() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .describe_table_index_stats(DescribeTableIndexStatsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                index_name: None,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    // ── Query table with limit and offset ──────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_query_table_with_limit() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .query_table(QueryTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                k: 2,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count_rows_in_ipc(&result), 2);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_query_table_with_offset() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .query_table(QueryTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                k: 10,
+                offset: Some(1),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count_rows_in_ipc(&result), 2); // 3 total, skip 1
+    }
+
+    // ── List table versions descending / limit ─────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_table_versions_descending() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Create version 2
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_table_versions(ListTableVersionsRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                descending: Some(true),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert!(resp.versions.len() >= 2);
+        assert!(resp.versions[0].version >= resp.versions[1].version);
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_table_versions_with_limit() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Create version 2
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_table_versions(ListTableVersionsRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                limit: Some(1),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.versions.len(), 1);
+    }
+
+    // ── Create table in nonexistent namespace ──────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_table_in_nonexistent_namespace() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+
+        let data = create_test_table_data();
+        let result = ns
+            .create_table(
+                CreateTableRequest {
+                    id: table_id(&["nonexistent_ns", "test_table"]),
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                Bytes::from(data),
+            )
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    // ── Count rows with empty predicate ────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_count_table_rows_empty_predicate() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        // Empty string predicate should count all rows (treated as no filter)
+        let count = ns
+            .count_table_rows(CountTableRowsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                predicate: Some("".to_string()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count, 3);
+    }
+
+    // ── Table ID edge cases ────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_table_operations_with_none_id() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .table_exists(TableExistsRequest {
+                id: None,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_table_operations_with_empty_id() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .table_exists(TableExistsRequest {
+                id: Some(vec![]),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    // ── Describe table without detailed metadata ───────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_table_without_detailed_metadata() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .describe_table(DescribeTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                load_detailed_metadata: Some(false),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.location.is_some());
+        assert!(resp.schema.is_none()); // No schema when detailed=false
+        assert!(resp.version.is_none()); // No version when detailed=false
+    }
+
+    // ── Rename table edge cases ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_rename_table_empty_name() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .rename_table(RenameTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                new_table_name: "".to_string(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_rename_table_target_exists() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "table_a"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "table_b"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .rename_table(RenameTableRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "table_a"]),
+                new_table_name: "table_b".to_string(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("already exists"));
+    }
+
+    // ── Scalar index type validation ───────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_scalar_index_rejects_vector_type() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .create_table_scalar_index(CreateTableIndexRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                column: "id".to_string(),
+                index_type: "IVF_PQ".to_string(),
+                name: Some("bad_idx".to_string()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result
+            .unwrap_err()
+            .to_string()
+            .contains("scalar index types"));
+    }
+
+    // ── Drop index missing name ────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_drop_table_index_missing_name() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .drop_table_index(DropTableIndexRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                index_name: None,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+    }
+
+    // ── Alter columns edge cases ───────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_alter_table_add_columns_empty() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .alter_table_add_columns(AlterTableAddColumnsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                new_columns: vec![],
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("At least one"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_alter_table_drop_columns_empty() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .alter_table_drop_columns(AlterTableDropColumnsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                columns: vec![],
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("At least one"));
+    }
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_alter_table_alter_columns_empty() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let result = ns
+            .alter_table_alter_columns(AlterTableAlterColumnsRequest {
+                id: table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]),
+                alterations: vec![],
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await;
+        assert!(result.is_err());
+        assert!(result.unwrap_err().to_string().contains("At least one"));
+    }
+
+    // ── Batch delete table versions ───────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_batch_delete_table_versions() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Create version 2 and 3
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Verify we have at least 3 versions
+        let versions_before = ns
+            .list_table_versions(ListTableVersionsRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(versions_before.versions.len() >= 3);
+
+        // Delete version 1 only
+        let resp = ns
+            .batch_delete_table_versions(BatchDeleteTableVersionsRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ranges: vec![lance_namespace::models::VersionRange::new(1, 1)],
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.deleted_count.is_some());
+    }
+
+    // ── Create table version ──────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_table_version() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Get the current manifest for version 1 to use as staging data
+        let version_resp = ns
+            .describe_table_version(DescribeTableVersionRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                version: Some(1),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        let manifest_path = version_resp.version.manifest_path.clone();
+
+        // Create version 2 by copying manifest 1 as staging
+        let resp = ns
+            .create_table_version(CreateTableVersionRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                version: 2,
+                manifest_path,
+                naming_scheme: Some("V2".to_string()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(resp.version.is_some());
+        let created = resp.version.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(created.version, 2);
+        assert!(created.manifest_size.is_some());
+    }
+
+    // ── FTS / Inverted index creation ─────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_create_inverted_index() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        let resp = ns
+            .create_table_index(CreateTableIndexRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                column: "name".to_string(),
+                index_type: "INVERTED".to_string(),
+                name: Some("name_fts_idx".to_string()),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        // Should have a transaction id from the index creation
+        assert!(resp.transaction_id.is_some());
+
+        // Verify the index appears in the list
+        let indices = ns
+            .list_table_indices(ListTableIndicesRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(indices.indexes.iter().any(|i| i.columns.contains(&"name".to_string())));
+    }
+
+    // ── Describe table with specific version ──────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_table_at_specific_version() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Insert to create version 2 with 5 rows
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Describe at version 1
+        let resp_v1 = ns
+            .describe_table(DescribeTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                version: Some(1),
+                load_detailed_metadata: Some(true),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp_v1.version, Some(1));
+
+        // Describe at latest (version 2)
+        let resp_v2 = ns
+            .describe_table(DescribeTableRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                load_detailed_metadata: Some(true),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp_v2.version, Some(2));
+    }
+
+    // ── Query table at specific version ───────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_query_table_at_specific_version() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Insert to create version 2
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Query at version 1 — should return 3 rows
+        let result_v1 = ns
+            .query_table(QueryTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                version: Some(1),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count_rows_in_ipc(&result_v1), 3);
+
+        // Query at latest (version 2) — should return 5 rows
+        let result_v2 = ns
+            .query_table(QueryTableRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(count_rows_in_ipc(&result_v2), 5);
+    }
+
+    // ── List table indices pagination ─────────────────────────────────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_list_table_indices_pagination() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Create two scalar indices
+        ns.create_table_scalar_index(CreateTableIndexRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            column: "id".to_string(),
+            index_type: "btree".to_string(),
+            name: Some("idx_id".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        ns.create_table_scalar_index(CreateTableIndexRequest {
+            id: tid.clone(),
+            column: "name".to_string(),
+            index_type: "btree".to_string(),
+            name: Some("idx_name".to_string()),
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Page 1: limit 1
+        let resp = ns
+            .list_table_indices(ListTableIndicesRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                limit: Some(1),
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.indexes.len(), 1);
+        assert!(resp.page_token.is_some());
+
+        // Page 2: use page token
+        let resp2 = ns
+            .list_table_indices(ListTableIndicesRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                page_token: resp.page_token,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp2.indexes.len(), 1);
+    }
+
+    // ── Describe table version without explicit version (latest) ──────
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_describe_table_version_latest() {
+        let (ns, _dir) = create_test_namespace().await;
+        create_namespace(&ns, &["workspace"]).await;
+        create_test_table(&ns, &["workspace", "test_table"]).await;
+
+        let tid = table_id(&["workspace", "test_table"]);
+
+        // Insert to create version 2
+        ns.insert_into_table(
+            InsertIntoTableRequest {
+                id: tid.clone(),
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            Bytes::from(create_additional_data()),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        // Describe without specifying version — should return latest (2)
+        let resp = ns
+            .describe_table_version(DescribeTableVersionRequest {
+                id: tid,
+                version: None,
+                ..Default::default()
+            })
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(resp.version.version, 2);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rust/lance-namespace-base/src/lib.rs b/rust/lance-namespace-base/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f1e49c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/lance-namespace-base/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: Copyright The Lance Authors
+
+//! Base Lance Namespace implementation using the Lance SDK directly.
+//!
+//! This crate provides a filesystem-directory-based implementation of the
+//! [`LanceNamespace`] trait that delegates all operations to the Lance Rust SDK
+//! (`Dataset`, `Scanner`, index APIs, etc.).
+//!
+//! ## Features
+//!
+//! - Hierarchical namespaces mapped to filesystem directories
+//! - Tables stored as `{namespace_path}/{table_name}.lance`
+//! - No manifest table, credential vending, or context providers
+//! - Supports local filesystem and cloud storage via Lance's object store
+//!
+//! ## Usage
+//!
+//! ```no_run
+//! # use lance_namespace_base::BaseLanceNamespaceBuilder;
+//! # async fn example() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+//! let namespace = BaseLanceNamespaceBuilder::new("/path/to/data")
+//!     .build()
+//!     .await?;
+//! # Ok(())
+//! # }
+//! ```
+
+pub mod base;
+
+pub use base::{BaseLanceNamespace, BaseLanceNamespaceBuilder};