[12.x] Apply eager load constraints to oneOfMany inner subquery

When eager loading a latestOfMany/ofMany relationship with constraints
(e.g. with(['lastPayment' => fn($q) => $q->where('store_id', 1)])),
the constraints were only applied to the outer query, not the inner
subquery that determines which record is the 'latest'.

This caused the inner subquery to pick the wrong aggregate row (e.g.
the latest payment across ALL stores), and then the outer filter would
discard it — silently returning null.

The fix snapshots the outer query's wheres before and after the user's
constraint closure runs, then copies only the new wheres into the
oneOfMany subquery. This ensures the inner subquery determines 'latest'
within the user's filtered dataset.

Fixes #59318

Author: sadique-cws

src/Illuminate/Database/Eloquent/Builder.php

@@ -945,8 +945,37 @@ protected function eagerLoadRelation(array $models, $name, Closure $constraints)
 
         $relation->addEagerConstraints($models);
 
+        // For one-of-many relationships, we need to also apply the user's eager
+        // load constraints to the inner subquery that determines which record
+        // is the "latest" / "oldest". We snapshot the outer query's wheres
+        // before and after applying constraints, then copy only the new ones.
+        $subQuery = method_exists($relation, 'getOneOfManySubQuery')
+            ? $relation->getOneOfManySubQuery()
+            : null;
+
+        if ($subQuery) {
+            $whereCountBefore = count($relation->getQuery()->getQuery()->wheres);
+            $bindingCountBefore = count($relation->getQuery()->getQuery()->bindings['where']);
+        }
+
         $constraints($relation);
 
+        if ($subQuery) {
+            $outerWheres = $relation->getQuery()->getQuery()->wheres;
+            $outerBindings = $relation->getQuery()->getQuery()->bindings['where'];
+
+            $newWheres = array_slice($outerWheres, $whereCountBefore);
+            $newBindings = array_slice($outerBindings, $bindingCountBefore);
+
+            foreach ($newWheres as $where) {
+                $subQuery->getQuery()->wheres[] = $where;
+            }
+
+            foreach ($newBindings as $binding) {
+                $subQuery->getQuery()->addBinding($binding, 'where');
+            }
+        }
+
         // Once we have the results, we just match those back up to their parent models
         // using the relationship instance. Then we just return the finished arrays
         // of models which have been eagerly hydrated and are readied for return.