fix(contrib/drivers/pgsql): preserve bytea data integrity on read and write (gogf#4678)

## Summary

Fix two bytea data corruption issues in the PostgreSQL driver:

1. **READ path** (fixes gogf#4677): `CheckLocalTypeForField` and
`ConvertValueForLocal` had no case for plain `bytea` type, causing it to
fall through to the Core layer which incorrectly mapped it to
`LocalTypeString`. Binary data was then converted to string via
`gconv.String()`, corrupting the bytes on retrieval.

2. **WRITE path** (fixes gogf#4231): `ConvertValueForField` applied
PostgreSQL array syntax conversion (`[` → `{`, `]` → `}`) to all slice
types including `[]byte` for bytea columns, corrupting bytes `0x5B`
(`[`) and `0x5D` (`]`) on insertion.

## Changes

- **`contrib/drivers/pgsql/pgsql_convert.go`**:
  - `CheckLocalTypeForField`: Add `case "bytea"` → `LocalTypeBytes`
- `ConvertValueForLocal`: Add `case "bytea"` to preserve `[]byte` as-is
- `ConvertValueForField`: Skip `[]`→`{}` replacement for `[]byte` with
`bytea` field type

- **`contrib/drivers/pgsql/pgsql_z_unit_convert_test.go`**:
- Add unit tests for `bytea` type in `CheckLocalTypeForField`,
`ConvertValueForLocal`, and `ConvertValueForField`

- **`contrib/drivers/pgsql/pgsql_z_unit_issue_test.go`**:
- Add `Test_Issue4677`: End-to-end round-trip test with various binary
data (including 0x00, 0x5B, 0x5D, 0xFF)
- Add `Test_Issue4231`: Targeted test for 0x5D byte corruption on write

## Test plan

- [x] `Test_CheckLocalTypeForField` - bytea returns `LocalTypeBytes`
- [x] `Test_ConvertValueForLocal` - bytea preserves `[]byte` as-is
- [x] `Test_ConvertValueForField` - bytea skips array syntax replacement
- [x] `Test_Issue4677` - full DB round-trip with binary data
- [x] `Test_Issue4231` - write path preserves 0x5B/0x5D bytes
- [x] Full pgsql test suite passes with no regressions

closes gogf#4677
closes gogf#4231

ref gogf#4689

Author: lingcoder

contrib/drivers/pgsql/pgsql_convert.go

@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ func (d *Driver) ConvertValueForField(ctx context.Context, fieldType string, fie
 	var fieldValueKind = reflect.TypeOf(fieldValue).Kind()
 
 	if fieldValueKind == reflect.Slice {
+		// For bytea type, pass []byte directly without any conversion.
+		if _, ok := fieldValue.([]byte); ok && gstr.Contains(fieldType, "bytea") {
+			return d.Core.ConvertValueForField(ctx, fieldType, fieldValue)
+		}
 		// For pgsql, json or jsonb require '[]'
 		if !gstr.Contains(fieldType, "json") {
 			fieldValue = gstr.ReplaceByMap(gconv.String(fieldValue),
@@ -62,6 +66,7 @@ func (d *Driver) ConvertValueForField(ctx context.Context, fieldType string, fie
 //	| _varchar, _text              | []string      |
 //	| _char, _bpchar               | []string      |
 //	| _numeric, _decimal, _money   | []float64     |
+//	| bytea                        | []byte        |
 //	| _bytea                       | [][]byte      |
 //	| _uuid                        | []uuid.UUID   |
 func (d *Driver) CheckLocalTypeForField(ctx context.Context, fieldType string, fieldValue any) (gdb.LocalType, error) {
@@ -107,6 +112,9 @@ func (d *Driver) CheckLocalTypeForField(ctx context.Context, fieldType string, f
 	case "_numeric", "_decimal", "_money":
 		return gdb.LocalTypeFloat64Slice, nil
 
+	case "bytea":
+		return gdb.LocalTypeBytes, nil
+
 	case "_bytea":
 		return gdb.LocalTypeBytesSlice, nil
 
@@ -141,6 +149,7 @@ func (d *Driver) CheckLocalTypeForField(ctx context.Context, fieldType string, f
 //	| _numeric        | numeric[]                      | pq.Float64Array | []float64   |
 //	| _decimal        | decimal[]                      | pq.Float64Array | []float64   |
 //	| _money          | money[]                        | pq.Float64Array | []float64   |
+//	| bytea           | bytea                          | -               | []byte      |
 //	| _bytea          | bytea[]                        | pq.ByteaArray   | [][]byte    |
 //	| _uuid           | uuid[]                         | pq.StringArray  | []uuid.UUID |
 //
@@ -151,9 +160,16 @@ func (d *Driver) ConvertValueForLocal(ctx context.Context, fieldType string, fie
 	typeName, _ := gregex.ReplaceString(`\(.+\)`, "", fieldType)
 	typeName = strings.ToLower(typeName)
 
-	// Basic types are mostly handled by Core layer, only handle array types here
+	// Basic types are mostly handled by Core layer; handle array types and special-case bytea here.
 	switch typeName {
 
+	// []byte
+	case "bytea":
+		if v, ok := fieldValue.([]byte); ok {
+			return v, nil
+		}
+		return fieldValue, nil
+
 	// []int32
 	case "_int2", "_int4":
 		var result pq.Int32Array

contrib/drivers/pgsql/pgsql_z_unit_convert_test.go

@@ -108,6 +108,13 @@ func Test_CheckLocalTypeForField(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Assert(localType, gdb.LocalTypeFloat64Slice)
 	})
 
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		// Test bytea type
+		localType, err := driver.CheckLocalTypeForField(ctx, "bytea", nil)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		t.Assert(localType, gdb.LocalTypeBytes)
+	})
+
 	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
 		// Test bytea array type
 		localType, err := driver.CheckLocalTypeForField(ctx, "_bytea", nil)
@@ -362,6 +369,17 @@ func Test_ConvertValueForLocal(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := driver.ConvertValueForLocal(ctx, "_bytea", "invalid")
 		t.AssertNE(err, nil)
 	})
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		// Test bytea conversion - should preserve []byte as-is
+		input := []byte{0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0x00, 0x5D, 0x5B}
+		result, err := driver.ConvertValueForLocal(ctx, "bytea", input)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		resultBytes, ok := result.([]byte)
+		t.Assert(ok, true)
+		t.Assert(len(resultBytes), len(input))
+		t.Assert(resultBytes, input)
+	})
 }
 
 // Test_ConvertValueForField tests the ConvertValueForField method
@@ -406,4 +424,14 @@ func Test_ConvertValueForField(t *testing.T) {
 		t.AssertNil(err)
 		t.Assert(result, `["a","b"]`)
 	})
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		// Test []byte value for bytea type (should preserve raw bytes, not do []->{} replacement)
+		input := []byte{0xDE, 0xAD, 0x5B, 0x5D, 0xBE, 0xEF}
+		result, err := driver.ConvertValueForField(ctx, "bytea", input)
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+		resultBytes, ok := result.([]byte)
+		t.Assert(ok, true)
+		t.Assert(resultBytes, input)
+	})
 }

contrib/drivers/pgsql/pgsql_z_unit_issue_test.go

@@ -290,6 +290,93 @@ func Test_Issue4500(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+// https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/4677
+// record.Get().Bytes() corrupts bytea data on retrieval from PostgreSQL.
+func Test_Issue4677(t *testing.T) {
+	table := fmt.Sprintf(`%s_%d`, TablePrefix+"issue4677", gtime.TimestampNano())
+	if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(`
+		CREATE TABLE %s (
+			id bigserial PRIMARY KEY,
+			bin_data bytea
+		);`, table,
+	)); err != nil {
+		gtest.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer dropTable(table)
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		// Test 1: Binary data with various byte values including 0x00, 0x5D(']'), 0x5B('[')
+		originalBytes := []byte{
+			0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0x00, 0x01, 0x5B, 0x5D,
+			0xFF, 0x7B, 0x7D, 0x80, 0xCA, 0xFE, 0xBA, 0xBE,
+		}
+
+		_, err := db.Model(table).Data(g.Map{
+			"bin_data": originalBytes,
+		}).Insert()
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+
+		record, err := db.Model(table).Where("id", 1).One()
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+
+		retrievedBytes := record["bin_data"].Bytes()
+		t.Assert(len(retrievedBytes), len(originalBytes))
+		t.Assert(retrievedBytes, originalBytes)
+	})
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		// Test 2: Larger binary data (simulating gob/protobuf encoded payload)
+		largeBytes := make([]byte, 1024)
+		for i := range largeBytes {
+			largeBytes[i] = byte(i % 256)
+		}
+
+		_, err := db.Model(table).Data(g.Map{
+			"bin_data": largeBytes,
+		}).Insert()
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+
+		record, err := db.Model(table).OrderDesc("id").One()
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+
+		retrievedBytes := record["bin_data"].Bytes()
+		t.Assert(len(retrievedBytes), len(largeBytes))
+		t.Assert(retrievedBytes, largeBytes)
+	})
+}
+
+// https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/4231
+// ConvertValueForField corrupts bytea data containing 0x5D on write.
+func Test_Issue4231(t *testing.T) {
+	table := fmt.Sprintf(`%s_%d`, TablePrefix+"issue4231", gtime.TimestampNano())
+	if _, err := db.Exec(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(`
+		CREATE TABLE %s (
+			id bigserial PRIMARY KEY,
+			bin_data bytea
+		);`, table,
+	)); err != nil {
+		gtest.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer dropTable(table)
+
+	gtest.C(t, func(t *gtest.T) {
+		// Bytes containing 0x5D (ASCII ']') which was being converted to 0x7D ('}')
+		originalBytes := []byte{0x01, 0x5D, 0x02, 0x5B, 0x03}
+
+		_, err := db.Model(table).Data(g.Map{
+			"bin_data": originalBytes,
+		}).Insert()
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+
+		record, err := db.Model(table).Where("id", 1).One()
+		t.AssertNil(err)
+
+		retrievedBytes := record["bin_data"].Bytes()
+		t.Assert(len(retrievedBytes), len(originalBytes))
+		t.Assert(retrievedBytes, originalBytes)
+	})
+}
+
 // https://github.com/gogf/gf/issues/4595
 // FieldsPrefix silently drops fields when using table alias before LeftJoin.
 func Test_Issue4595(t *testing.T) {