chore(tracing): Use upstream tracing propagation

The proxy used its own custom trace propagation for some time. It was built before the upstream OpenTelemetry libraries were available.

This replaces the manual propagation with a combination of the upstream w3c and b3 propagators, modified slightly to only propagate in one format or the other (and not both).

Signed-off-by: Scott Fleener <scott@buoyant.io>

Author: sfleen

Cargo.lock

@@ -2081,6 +2081,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "opentelemetry",
  "opentelemetry-proto",
  "opentelemetry-semantic-conventions",
+ "opentelemetry-zipkin",
  "opentelemetry_sdk",
  "tokio",
  "tonic",
@@ -2602,11 +2603,17 @@ dependencies = [
  "futures",
  "hex",
  "http",
+ "linkerd-app-core",
  "linkerd-error",
  "linkerd-http-box",
+ "linkerd-io",
+ "linkerd-opentelemetry",
  "linkerd-stack",
  "linkerd-tracing",
+ "opentelemetry",
+ "opentelemetry-http",
  "opentelemetry-semantic-conventions",
+ "opentelemetry_sdk",
  "rand 0.9.2",
  "thiserror",
  "tokio",
@@ -2946,6 +2953,18 @@ dependencies = [
  "tracing",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "opentelemetry-http"
+version = "0.31.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d7a6d09a73194e6b66df7c8f1b680f156d916a1a942abf2de06823dd02b7855d"
+dependencies = [
+ "async-trait",
+ "bytes",
+ "http",
+ "opentelemetry",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "opentelemetry-proto"
 version = "0.31.0"
@@ -2969,6 +2988,23 @@ version = "0.31.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e62e29dfe041afb8ed2a6c9737ab57db4907285d999ef8ad3a59092a36bdc846"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "opentelemetry-zipkin"
+version = "0.31.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "f27fcd074586dab55936b003c6a499acaabd6debbd539c3f36356bca2ef2fce2"
+dependencies = [
+ "http",
+ "once_cell",
+ "opentelemetry",
+ "opentelemetry-http",
+ "opentelemetry_sdk",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "thiserror",
+ "typed-builder",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "opentelemetry_sdk"
 version = "0.31.0"
@@ -4222,6 +4258,26 @@ version = "0.2.5"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e421abadd41a4225275504ea4d6566923418b7f05506fbc9c0fe86ba7396114b"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "typed-builder"
+version = "0.20.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "cd9d30e3a08026c78f246b173243cf07b3696d274debd26680773b6773c2afc7"
+dependencies = [
+ "typed-builder-macro",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "typed-builder-macro"
+version = "0.20.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "3c36781cc0e46a83726d9879608e4cf6c2505237e263a8eb8c24502989cfdb28"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "typenum"
 version = "1.19.0"

linkerd/opentelemetry/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ linkerd-trace-context = { path = "../trace-context" }
 opentelemetry = { version = "0.31", default-features = false, features = ["trace"] }
 opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.31", default-features = false, features = ["trace"] }
 opentelemetry-proto = { version = "0.31" }
+opentelemetry-zipkin = { version = "0.31", default-features = false }
 opentelemetry-semantic-conventions = { version = "0.31", default-features = false, features = ["semconv_experimental"] }
 tonic = { workspace = true, default-features = false, features = [
     "codegen",

linkerd/opentelemetry/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,15 +2,17 @@
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 
 pub mod metrics;
+pub mod propagation;
 
 use self::metrics::Registry;
+use crate::propagation::OrderedPropagator;
 use futures::stream::{Stream, StreamExt};
 use http_body::Body;
 use linkerd_error::Error;
 use linkerd_trace_context::{self as trace_context, export::ExportSpan};
 pub use opentelemetry as otel;
 use opentelemetry::{
-    trace::{SpanContext, SpanId, SpanKind, Status, TraceFlags, TraceId, TraceState},
+    trace::{SpanContext, SpanKind, Status, TraceFlags, TraceState},
     KeyValue,
 };
 pub use opentelemetry_proto as proto;
@@ -56,6 +58,8 @@ where
     )
     .build();
 
+    opentelemetry::global::set_text_map_propagator(OrderedPropagator::new());
+
     SpanExportTask::new(spans, processor).run().await;
 }
 
@@ -151,12 +155,12 @@ fn convert_span(span: ExportSpan) -> Result<SpanData, Error> {
     for (k, v) in labels.iter() {
         attributes.push(KeyValue::new(k.clone(), v.clone()));
     }
-    for (k, v) in span.labels.into_iter() {
-        attributes.push(KeyValue::new(k, v));
+    for kv in span.labels.into_iter() {
+        attributes.push(kv);
     }
     let is_remote = kind != trace_context::export::SpanKind::Client;
     Ok(SpanData {
-        parent_span_id: SpanId::from_bytes(span.parent_id.into_bytes()?),
+        parent_span_id: span.parent_id,
         parent_span_is_remote: true, // we do not originate any spans locally
         span_kind: match kind {
             trace_context::export::SpanKind::Server => SpanKind::Server,
@@ -170,8 +174,8 @@ fn convert_span(span: ExportSpan) -> Result<SpanData, Error> {
         links: SpanLinks::default(),
         status: Status::Unset, // TODO: this is gRPC status; we must read response trailers to populate this
         span_context: SpanContext::new(
-            TraceId::from_bytes(span.trace_id.into_bytes()?),
-            SpanId::from_bytes(span.span_id.into_bytes()?),
+            span.trace_id,
+            span.span_id,
             TraceFlags::default(),
             is_remote,
             TraceState::NONE,
@@ -184,40 +188,33 @@ fn convert_span(span: ExportSpan) -> Result<SpanData, Error> {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use linkerd_trace_context::{export::SpanKind, Id, Span};
-    use opentelemetry_proto::tonic::common::v1::any_value::Value::StringValue;
-    use opentelemetry_proto::tonic::common::v1::AnyValue;
+    use linkerd_trace_context::{export::SpanKind, Span};
+    use opentelemetry::{SpanId, TraceId};
     use opentelemetry_proto::tonic::common::v1::InstrumentationScope;
-    use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::Arc, time::SystemTime};
+    use std::{sync::Arc, time::SystemTime};
     use tokio::sync::mpsc;
-    use tonic::codegen::{tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream, tokio_stream::StreamExt, Bytes};
+    use tonic::codegen::{tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream, tokio_stream::StreamExt};
     use tonic_prost::ProstDecoder;
 
     #[tokio::test(flavor = "current_thread")]
     async fn send_span() {
-        let trace_id = Id::from(Bytes::from(
-            hex::decode("0123456789abcedffedcba9876543210").expect("decode"),
-        ));
-        let span_id = Id::from(Bytes::from(
-            hex::decode("fedcba9876543210").expect("decode"),
-        ));
-        let parent_id = Id::from(Bytes::from(
-            hex::decode("0123456789abcedf").expect("decode"),
-        ));
+        let trace_id = TraceId::from_hex("0123456789abcedffedcba9876543210").expect("trace id");
+        let parent_id = SpanId::from_hex("fedcba9876543210").expect("parent id");
+        let span_id = SpanId::from_hex("0123456789abcedf").expect("span id");
         let span_name = "test".to_string();
 
         let start = SystemTime::now();
         let end = SystemTime::now();
 
         let span = ExportSpan {
             span: Span {
-                trace_id: trace_id.clone(),
-                span_id: span_id.clone(),
-                parent_id: parent_id.clone(),
+                trace_id,
+                span_id,
+                parent_id,
                 span_name: span_name.clone(),
                 start,
                 end,
-                labels: HashMap::new(),
+                labels: Vec::new(),
             },
             kind: SpanKind::Server,
             labels: Arc::new(Default::default()),
@@ -263,18 +260,9 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(scope_span.spans.len(), 1);
 
         let span = scope_span.spans.remove(0);
-        assert_eq!(
-            span.span_id,
-            span_id.into_bytes::<8>().expect("into_bytes").to_vec()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            span.parent_span_id,
-            parent_id.into_bytes::<8>().expect("into_bytes").to_vec()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            span.trace_id,
-            trace_id.into_bytes::<16>().expect("into_bytes").to_vec()
-        );
+        assert_eq!(span.span_id, span_id.to_bytes().to_vec(),);
+        assert_eq!(span.parent_span_id, parent_id.to_bytes().to_vec(),);
+        assert_eq!(span.trace_id, trace_id.to_bytes().to_vec(),);
         assert_eq!(span.name, span_name);
         assert_eq!(
             span.start_time_unix_nano,
@@ -308,7 +296,7 @@ mod tests {
         tokio::spawn(export_spans(
             inner,
             ReceiverStream::new(span_rx),
-            opentelemetry_sdk::Resource::builder().build(),
+            Resource::builder().build(),
             metrics,
         ));
 

linkerd/opentelemetry/src/propagation.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+use opentelemetry::{
+    propagation::{text_map_propagator::FieldIter, Extractor, Injector, TextMapPropagator},
+    Context,
+};
+use opentelemetry_sdk::propagation::{BaggagePropagator, TraceContextPropagator};
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+enum PropagationFormat {
+    W3C,
+    B3,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct OrderedPropagator {
+    w3c: TraceContextPropagator,
+    b3: opentelemetry_zipkin::Propagator,
+    baggage: BaggagePropagator,
+    fields: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl OrderedPropagator {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        let w3c = TraceContextPropagator::new();
+        let b3 = opentelemetry_zipkin::Propagator::new();
+        let baggage = BaggagePropagator::new();
+
+        Self {
+            fields: w3c
+                .fields()
+                .chain(b3.fields())
+                .chain(baggage.fields())
+                .map(|s| s.to_string())
+                .collect(),
+            w3c,
+            b3,
+            baggage,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for OrderedPropagator {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new()
+    }
+}
+
+impl TextMapPropagator for OrderedPropagator {
+    fn inject_context(&self, cx: &Context, injector: &mut dyn Injector) {
+        match cx.get::<PropagationFormat>() {
+            None => {}
+            Some(PropagationFormat::W3C) => {
+                self.w3c.inject_context(cx, injector);
+            }
+            Some(PropagationFormat::B3) => {
+                self.b3.inject_context(cx, injector);
+            }
+        }
+        self.baggage.inject_context(cx, injector);
+    }
+
+    fn extract_with_context(&self, cx: &Context, extractor: &dyn Extractor) -> Context {
+        let cx = if self.w3c.fields().any(|f| extractor.get(f).is_some()) {
+            self.w3c
+                .extract_with_context(cx, extractor)
+                .with_value(PropagationFormat::W3C)
+        } else if self.b3.fields().any(|f| extractor.get(f).is_some()) {
+            self.b3
+                .extract_with_context(cx, extractor)
+                .with_value(PropagationFormat::B3)
+        } else {
+            cx.clone()
+        };
+        self.baggage.extract_with_context(&cx, extractor)
+    }
+
+    fn fields(&self) -> FieldIter<'_> {
+        FieldIter::new(self.fields.as_slice())
+    }
+}

linkerd/trace-context/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,14 +15,20 @@ hex = "0.4"
 http = { workspace = true }
 linkerd-error = { path = "../error" }
 linkerd-stack = { path = "../stack" }
+opentelemetry = { version = "0.31", default-features = false, features = ["trace"] }
+opentelemetry_sdk = { version = "0.31", default-features = false, features = ["trace"] }
+opentelemetry-http = { version = "0.31", default-features = false }
 opentelemetry-semantic-conventions = { version = "0.31", default-features = false, features = ["semconv_experimental"] }
 rand = "0.9"
 thiserror = "2"
 tower = { workspace = true, default-features = false, features = ["util"] }
 tracing = { workspace = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+linkerd-app-core = { path = "../app/core" }
 linkerd-http-box = { path = "../http/box" }
+linkerd-io = { path = "../io" }
 linkerd-tracing = { path = "../tracing" }
+linkerd-opentelemetry = { path = "../opentelemetry" }
 tokio = { version = "1", features = ["test-util"] }
 tower-test = { workspace = true }

linkerd/trace-context/src/export.rs

@@ -8,6 +8,15 @@ pub enum SpanKind {
     Client = 2,
 }
 
+impl From<SpanKind> for opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind {
+    fn from(value: SpanKind) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            SpanKind::Server => opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind::Server,
+            SpanKind::Client => opentelemetry::trace::SpanKind::Client,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 pub type SpanLabels = Arc<HashMap<String, String>>;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]