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Start C# expert track with modularization module
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‎LANGUAGE_PARITY_MATRIX.md‎

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| 4 | inheritance-and-polymorphism | Done | Done | Done | Done |
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| 5 | templates-basics | Done | Done | Done | Done |
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`04-expert` remains C++ only for now.
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`04-expert` has started in C# with `modularization-and-build-structure`; broader expert parity is still planned.
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### Expert (`04-expert`) - Early Expansion
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| Order | Module | C++ | C# | Go | Python |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| 1 | memory-management-and-raii | Done | Planned | Planned | Planned |
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| 2 | smart-pointers-in-depth | Done | Planned | Planned | Planned |
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| 3 | concurrency-basics | Done | Planned | Planned | Planned |
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| 4 | performance-and-profiling-basics | Done | Planned | Planned | Planned |
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| 5 | modularization-and-build-structure | Done | Done | Planned | Planned |
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## Checkpoint Parity
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‎languages/csharp/04-expert/README.md‎

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# C# 04 Expert
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This level is starting experimentally in C# while the rest of expert parity is still in progress.
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## Module Order
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1. [modularization-and-build-structure](./modularization-and-build-structure/README.md)
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2. memory-management-and-raii (planned)
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3. smart-pointers-in-depth (planned, language-adapted)
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4. concurrency-basics (planned)
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5. performance-and-profiling-basics (planned)
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Track progress in [../CHECKLIST.md](../CHECKLIST.md).
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## Study Tip
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Use this module to learn how C# organizes code across files, namespaces, and project references before adding concurrency or performance topics.

‎languages/csharp/04-expert/modularization-and-build-structure/README.md‎

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# Modularization and Build Structure (C#)
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This module introduces multi-file organization and project references in C#.
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## Quick Run
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~~~bash
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dotnet run --project example/modularization-and-build-structure-example.csproj
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~~~
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## Topics Covered
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- Splitting domain logic, formatting, and application flow across separate files.
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- Grouping reusable code under a namespace.
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- Referencing one project from another with `ProjectReference`.
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- Keeping console entrypoints thin and coordination-focused.
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## Common Pitfalls
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- Putting every class into `main.cs` even when responsibilities diverge.
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- Mixing formatting, calculations, and input flow in one method.
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- Forgetting to include files explicitly when default compile items are disabled.
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- Treating project layout as an afterthought instead of part of design.
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## Exercise Focus
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- exercises/01.cs: separate invoice calculations into focused helper types.
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- exercises/02.cs: build reusable command operations consumed by two callers.
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### Exercise Specs
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1. exercises/01.cs
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- Input: subtotal, discount percent, tax percent.
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- Output: subtotal breakdown and final total.
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- Edge cases: negative subtotal; percentages outside valid ranges.
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2. exercises/02.cs
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- Input: command name and integer operands.
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- Output: result from a reusable operation registry.
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- Edge cases: unsupported command; division by zero.
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## Checkpoint
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- [ ] I can explain why a namespace or project boundary exists.
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- [ ] I can separate coordination code from reusable services.
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- [ ] I can describe how `ProjectReference` affects a build.
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- [ ] I completed exercises/01.cs.
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- [ ] I completed exercises/02.cs.

‎languages/csharp/04-expert/modularization-and-build-structure/example/PricingModule/InvoiceCalculator.cs‎

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using System;
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using System.Collections.Generic;
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namespace ModularizationAndBuildStructureExample.Pricing;
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public static class InvoiceCalculator
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{
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public static InvoiceSummary BuildSummary(
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IReadOnlyList<LineItem> items,
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decimal discountPercent,
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decimal fee
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)
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{
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decimal subtotal = 0.0m;
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foreach (LineItem item in items)
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{
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subtotal += item.Total;
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}
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decimal normalizedDiscount = Math.Clamp(discountPercent, 0.0m, 100.0m);
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decimal discountValue = subtotal * normalizedDiscount / 100.0m;
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decimal finalTotal = subtotal - discountValue + fee;
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return new InvoiceSummary(items, subtotal, discountValue, fee, finalTotal);
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}
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}

‎languages/csharp/04-expert/modularization-and-build-structure/example/PricingModule/InvoiceFormatter.cs‎

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using System.Text;
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namespace ModularizationAndBuildStructureExample.Pricing;
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public static class InvoiceFormatter
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{
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public static string Render(InvoiceSummary summary)
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{
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StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
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builder.AppendLine("Invoice summary");
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builder.AppendLine("------------------------------");
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foreach (LineItem item in summary.Items)
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{
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builder.AppendLine(
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$"{item.Name, -12} qty={item.Quantity, 2} unit={item.UnitPrice, 6:F2} total={item.Total, 7:F2}"
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);
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}
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builder.AppendLine("------------------------------");
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builder.AppendLine($"Subtotal: {summary.Subtotal:F2}");
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builder.AppendLine($"Discount: -{summary.DiscountValue:F2}");
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builder.AppendLine($"Fee: +{summary.Fee:F2}");
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builder.AppendLine($"Final total: {summary.FinalTotal:F2}");
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return builder.ToString();
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}
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}

‎languages/csharp/04-expert/modularization-and-build-structure/example/PricingModule/InvoiceSummary.cs‎

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using System.Collections.Generic;
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namespace ModularizationAndBuildStructureExample.Pricing;
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public sealed class InvoiceSummary
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{
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public InvoiceSummary(
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IReadOnlyList<LineItem> items,
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decimal subtotal,
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decimal discountValue,
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decimal fee,
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decimal finalTotal
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)
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{
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Items = items;
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Subtotal = subtotal;
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DiscountValue = discountValue;
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Fee = fee;
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FinalTotal = finalTotal;
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}
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public IReadOnlyList<LineItem> Items { get; }
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public decimal Subtotal { get; }
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public decimal DiscountValue { get; }
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public decimal Fee { get; }
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public decimal FinalTotal { get; }
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}

‎languages/csharp/04-expert/modularization-and-build-structure/example/PricingModule/LineItem.cs‎

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namespace ModularizationAndBuildStructureExample.Pricing;
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public sealed class LineItem
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{
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public LineItem(string name, int quantity, decimal unitPrice)
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{
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Name = name;
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Quantity = quantity;
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UnitPrice = unitPrice;
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}
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public string Name { get; }
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public int Quantity { get; }
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public decimal UnitPrice { get; }
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public decimal Total => Quantity * UnitPrice;
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}

‎languages/csharp/04-expert/modularization-and-build-structure/example/PricingModule/PricingModule.csproj‎

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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
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<ImplicitUsings>disable</ImplicitUsings>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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<EnableDefaultCompileItems>false</EnableDefaultCompileItems>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<Compile Include="LineItem.cs" />
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<Compile Include="InvoiceSummary.cs" />
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<Compile Include="InvoiceCalculator.cs" />
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<Compile Include="InvoiceFormatter.cs" />
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</ItemGroup>
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</Project>

‎languages/csharp/04-expert/modularization-and-build-structure/example/main.cs‎

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// Example purpose: show the module flow with a separate reusable library project.
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using System;
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using ModularizationAndBuildStructureExample.Pricing;
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class Program
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{
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static void Main()
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{
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// Program flow: define input data, delegate calculations, then format a report.
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LineItem[] items =
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{
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new LineItem("Notebook", 2, 3.50m),
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new LineItem("Pencil", 5, 0.80m),
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new LineItem("Backpack", 1, 29.99m),
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};
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InvoiceSummary summary = InvoiceCalculator.BuildSummary(items, 10.0m, 7.50m);
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// Intent: keep console output in the entrypoint while reusable logic stays in the library.
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Console.WriteLine(InvoiceFormatter.Render(summary));
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}
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}

‎languages/csharp/04-expert/modularization-and-build-structure/example/modularization-and-build-structure-example.csproj‎

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<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
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<PropertyGroup>
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<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
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<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
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<ImplicitUsings>disable</ImplicitUsings>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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<EnableDefaultCompileItems>false</EnableDefaultCompileItems>
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</PropertyGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<Compile Include="main.cs" />
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</ItemGroup>
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<ItemGroup>
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<ProjectReference Include="PricingModule/PricingModule.csproj" />
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</ItemGroup>
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</Project>

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