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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" id="helpScroller">
<head>
<title>RTU Bin-Method Calculator - Quick Start</title>
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<h1>Quick Start</h1>
<p style="font-weight: normal;" dir="ltr">This
outline discusses the four <span style="font-weight: bold;">basic
modes</span>
in which the calculator is used to represent a rooftop unit. The
intent here is to describe the data requirements for each of
these modes and strategies to make the best comparisons with
consideration for data availability. This discussion will
generally progress from low data-input requirements to high. Help on
each of the calculator features below can be accessed by clicking on
the info icon next to the feature's name on the calculator's
<em>Control</em> page.</p>
<h2 style="font-weight: normal;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Generic</span>: </h2>
<p style="font-weight: normal;" dir="ltr">This is the default mode and
uses a generic set of DOE-2 coil curves to represent all units.</p>
<ul>
<li> <span style="font-weight: bold;">No data; a basic demo</span>: A
simple click of the submit button will use all the default values of
the calculator's features and will generate the basic summary output
on the <em>Results</em> page. Turning on the "<strong>Show bin
calculations</strong>" feature will produce a more detailed report.
Clicking the "<strong>Advanced Features</strong>" checkbox displays
additional calculator parameters and their default values.<br>
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Basic description of a
single-stage RTU</span>: This is the minimum data that
is needed for an initial comparison of two single-stage
units (with single-speed evaporator fans). This level of
comparison can be done without enabling the "Advanced Features" of
the calculator.<br>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Total capacity</span>
(and oversizing factor): The nominal size of the unit
in kBtuh. This is the cooling capacity at AHRI test
conditions.</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">EER</span>: This is
the energy efficiency rating of the unit at AHRI test
conditions.</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Costs</span>:
Purchase cost (in units of k$: $1,000 = 1 k$) and
estimate of annual costs ($).</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">Economizer</span>:
This should be checked if the unit can
be configured for economizing and it is enabled.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">The environment</span>:
This characterizes the environment which essentially
determines how hard (and how long) the unit will have to
work.<br>
<ul>
<li><strong>Building type</strong>: Pick a building
type. This establishes a building-load model that
predicts cooling load as driven by weather data.</li>
<li><strong>Location</strong>: Pick a state and city to
establish the weather data used in driving the
building-load model.</li>
<li><strong>Schedule</strong>: Pick a schedule that best
represents the occupancy patterns in the building.</li>
<li><strong>Setpoint and setback</strong>: Pick a
setpoint temperature and also a setback temperature to
determine control points for occupied and unoccupied
periods.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Economics</strong>: This affects the savings and
payback calculations.
<ul>
<li><strong>Electric Utility Rate</strong>: Enter your
local electric rate.</li>
<li><strong>Equipment life</strong>: This is the time
period over which energy and cost savings are
calculated.</li>
<li><strong>Discounting</strong>: If it is difficult to
estimate a discount rate, turn this feature off to
give non-discounted (simple) payback calculations.<br>
<br>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>Generic with "Advanced features": </h2>
<p>Clicking the "Advanced Features" checkbox reveals added features
which allow the calculator to do more detailed modeling of the
single-stage unit. These features also support the modeling of the more
advanced characteristics of multi-stage and variable-capacity systems.
Please also refer to the help topics for these features.</p>
<ul>
<li> <strong>More detailed</strong> representation for the
<strong>single-stage unit</strong>:
<ul>
<li><strong>Fan and Condenser power data</strong>: The
"Power Inputs" feature allows the user to specify
the three power inputs. The evaporator fan power can
be estimated as the difference between the gross and
net capacity of the unit (expressed in kWatts). The
user will notice that the calculator recalculates the
EER and condenser power if the evaporator fan or the
auxiliary values are edited. A helpful editing pattern
is to first edit the fan and aux fields, then re-enter
the EER value. Clicking the "Power" button (upper
right) will recalculate default values for the
power parameters based on the unit's capacity and EER.</li>
<li><span style="font-weight: bold;">E-Fan and Condenser</span>:
Choose between "1-Spd: Always ON" and "1-Spd: Cycles
With Compressor." The difference here is that one
setting models the evaporator fan as running
continuously and the other allows the fan to cycle off
with the compressor. Refer to the help topic for this
feature for additional information related to
unoccupied hours and economizing.</li>
<li><strong>Humidity</strong>: Generally it is best to
leave this set to automatic unless there is data on
internal humidity levels that might be affected by a
separate humidity control system.</li>
<li><strong>Ventilation</strong>: This feature value is
automatically calculated based on building type and
generally does not need to be edited.</li>
<li><strong>Degradation factor</strong>: This is the
fractional drop in efficiency of the unit when running
at small loads. It will be difficult to get a specific
value from a manufacturer. This can be edited to
explore the sensitivity of the savings to changes in
this parameter. Generally leave this at the default
value.</li>
<li><strong>S/T Ratio</strong>: This is
sensible-to-total capacity ratio at AHRI test
conditions. This should be available in a
manufacturer's performance brochure. Leave at default
levels if not available.</li>
<li><strong>Demand</strong>: Generally only use these
fields if you must calculate a demand charge. Refer to
the help topic for this feature (click on the info
icon).</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Staged and Variable-capacity units</strong>:
Four of the "Advanced Features" facilitate
modeling of variable-capacity systems.
<ul>
<li><strong>The features</strong>:
<ul>
<li><strong>E-Fan and Condenser</strong>: Select
from three different system types: (1) one- or
two-stage units with a single-speed
evaporator fan, (2) units with multi-stage
condensers, and (3) units with a variable-capacity
condenser.</li>
<li><strong>Number of Stages</strong>: The number of
stages in a unit with a staged condenser. Leave
this set to 1 for single-stage and
variable-capacity units.</li>
<li><strong>N for Fan Energy Calcs</strong>: The
value of <span style="font-style: italic;">n</span>
used in fan-affinity law calculations for
variable-speed fans. This should generally be left
at the default value. This feature has no impact
for a single-stage unit with a single-speed
evaporator fan.</li>
<li><strong>Condenser Fan</strong>: The fraction of
condenser power used by the condenser fan at AHRI
rating conditions. This fraction can usually be
estimated from a manufacturer's brochure. This
feature applies only (and can only be edited) if
the "V-Spd" unit is selected under the "<strong style="font-weight: normal;">E-Fan and
Condenser</strong>"
feature.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Examples</strong>:
<ul>
<li><strong>Two-stage</strong> unit with a <strong>single-speed</strong>
evaporator fan: <br>
Set the "Number of Stages" feature to 2. Set the "<strong style="font-weight: normal;">E-Fan and
Condenser</strong>"
feature to one of the "1-Spd" choices.</li>
<li><strong>Two-stage</strong> unit with a <strong>two-speed</strong>
evaporator fan:<br>
Set the "Number of Stages" feature to 2. Set the "<strong style="font-weight: normal;">E-Fan and
Condenser</strong>"
feature to one of the "N-Spd" choices.</li>
<li><strong>Multi-stage</strong> unit with a
corresponding<strong><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span
style="font-weight: bold;"> </span></span>multi-speed</strong>
evaporator fan: This is the generalization of the previous
case.<br>
Change the "Number of Stages" feature to the corresponding
level. Set the "<strong style="font-weight: normal;">E-Fan
and Condenser</strong>" feature to one of the "N-Spd"
choices.</li>
<li>A unit with a <strong>variable-capacity
compressor</strong>, <strong>variable-speed condenser
fan</strong>, and <strong>variable-speed evaporator
fan</strong>: <br>
Set the "<strong style="font-weight: normal;">E-Fan
and Condenser</strong>" feature to the
"V-Spd" choice.<br>
<br>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><span style="font-weight: normal;">Three Specific Units</span>:</h2>
<p>In contrast to the generic correction curves that are used in the
modes described above, specific performance curves and algorithms are
used to characterize these three units and are written into the computer
code of the calculator's computation engine. These proprietary curves
and algorithms were provided by the manufacturers. There is a
<a class="Jump"
href="methods/CoolingCorrectionCurves_3SpecificUnits.html">methods
page</a> which provides background information on these units. Please
also refer to the help topic for this feature.</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Specific Candidate Unit</strong>: Use this advanced
feature to select one of the three units. A selection here
automatically sets values for several related calculator features:
"E-Fan and Condenser" and "Number of Stages." These
automatically-set values may need refinement depending on the
specifics of the application. For example, when setting the
“Specific Candidate Unit” feature to the “Advanced Controls” value
this type of add-on technology can be applied to either a
single-stage or two-stage unit. Similarly, depending on whether the
unit’s evaporator fan is set to cycle with the compressor or run
continuously will determine whether the “E-Fan and Condenser” setting
needs refinement.</li>
<li><strong>Other features</strong>: Selecting one these specific
units defines its basic nature; however, additional parameters should
be set to fully characterize a particular version of the unit. This
includes all other RTU-related parameters that are used under the
generic-mode approach described above: EER, capacity, power splits,
S/T ratio, and degradation factor (if not V-Spd). Use default values
if parameters can not be obtained from a manufacturer's brochure. As
done above, the environment and economic parameters need to be set:
State and City, Schedule, etc.<br>
<br>
</li>
</ul>
<h2><span style="font-weight: normal;">The Spreadsheet Interface</span>:</h2>
<p>The spreadsheet provides a general mechanism to characterize
full-load and part-load performance of an RTU's condenser using tables
from a manufacturer's performance brochure. Please review the help topic
for the "Spreadsheet" feature. There is a <a
href="methods/CoolingCorrectionCurves_Manufacturer.html"
class="Jump">methods page</a>
that provides additional information. The spreadsheet itself has
additional instructions and annotation inside. Note that spreadsheet
models are not allowed to be used with the "Specific Candidate Unit"
feature.</p>
<p>There are three levels of input data. Only the full-load
data (first bullet below) is required. The second and third
bullets describe optional inputs:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Full-load total gross capacity and condenser
power</strong> (required): This data is readily available from
manufacturers' performance tables. Some interpolation might be
required as the spreadsheet needs this data at particular operating
temperatures. This data alone can be used to replace the generic coil
curves. The good news is that users can build a coil model from this
data even if they do not have the additional data described below. If
the user prefers to stop at this data level, there are two control
cells in the spreadsheet for facilitating putting NAs (Not Available)
in the S/T cells (B20 on the Full-Load Performance sheet) and NAs in
the part-load tables (B3 on the Part-Load Performance sheet). The NAs
will cause the calculator to use only the full-load coil data and
activate its native apparatus dew-point method for S/T modeling and
its native part-load modeling of fans and condensers for estimating
part-load performance.</li>
<li><strong>S/T data </strong>(not required): The sensible-to-total
capacity ratios are also generally available from manufacturers.
However the native S/T modeling in the calculator is capable of
accounting for changing evaporator flow and condenser capacity levels.
For this reason, the spreadsheet's S/T model is only recommended for
systems with a single-stage and a single-speed evaporator fan.</li>
<li><strong>Part-load data</strong> (not required): This type of
tabulated data is currently not available for the public from
manufacturers. As a result this portion of the spreadsheet is only a
prototype and demonstrates how this part-load data could be structured
in a way related to IEER calculations. The B3 cell on the part-load
sheet can be used to turn this off (fill with NAs) or show example
values that are generated with consideration for the part-load nature
of a single-stage unit or a variable-capacity unit.</li>
</ul>
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