diff --git a/src/schemas/common.ts b/src/schemas/common.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59f4f8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/schemas/common.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+import { z } from 'zod';
+
+/**
+ * Common Zod schema definitions for reuse across different tools
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Public Mapbox access token that starts with 'pk.'
+ */
+export const publicAccessTokenSchema = (description?: string) =>
+  z
+    .string()
+    .startsWith(
+      'pk.',
+      'Invalid access token. Only public tokens (starting with pk.*) are allowed. Secret tokens (sk.*) cannot be used as they cannot be exposed in browser URLs.'
+    )
+    .describe(
+      description ||
+        'Mapbox public access token (required, must start with pk.* and have styles:read permission). Secret tokens (sk.*) cannot be used as they cannot be exposed in browser URLs. Please use an existing public token or get one from list_tokens_tool or create one with create_token_tool with styles:read permission.'
+    );
+
+/**
+ * Latitude coordinate with validation
+ */
+export const latitudeSchema = (
+  description?: string,
+  optional: boolean = false
+) =>
+  numberSchema(
+    -90,
+    90,
+    description || 'Latitude coordinate (-90 to 90)',
+    optional
+  );
+
+/**
+ * Longitude coordinate with validation
+ */
+export const longitudeSchema = (
+  description?: string,
+  optional: boolean = false
+) =>
+  numberSchema(
+    -180,
+    180,
+    description || 'Longitude coordinate (-180 to 180)',
+    optional
+  );
+
+/**
+ * Zoom level for map views
+ */
+export const zoomSchema = (description?: string) =>
+  z
+    .number()
+    .optional()
+    .describe(
+      description ||
+        'Initial zoom level for the map view (0-22). If provided along with latitude and longitude, sets the initial map position.'
+    );
+
+/**
+ * Complete coordinate set (latitude + longitude + zoom) for map positioning
+ */
+export const mapPositionSchema = (
+  latDescription?: string,
+  lngDescription?: string,
+  zoomDescription?: string
+) => ({
+  latitude: latitudeSchema(
+    latDescription ||
+      'Latitude coordinate for the initial map center (-90 to 90). Must be provided together with longitude and zoom.',
+    true
+  ),
+  longitude: longitudeSchema(
+    lngDescription ||
+      'Longitude coordinate for the initial map center (-180 to 180). Must be provided together with latitude and zoom.',
+    true
+  ),
+  zoom: zoomSchema(zoomDescription)
+});
+
+/**
+ * Generic string schema
+ */
+export const stringSchema = (
+  description: string,
+  optional: boolean = false
+) => {
+  const schema = z.string().describe(description);
+  return optional ? schema.optional() : schema;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generic number schema with range validation
+ */
+export const numberSchema = (
+  min?: number,
+  max?: number,
+  description?: string,
+  optional: boolean = false
+) => {
+  let schema = z.number();
+
+  if (min !== undefined) {
+    schema = schema.min(min);
+  }
+  if (max !== undefined) {
+    schema = schema.max(max);
+  }
+
+  schema = schema.describe(
+    description ||
+      `Number${min !== undefined ? ` (min: ${min}` : ''}${max !== undefined ? `${min !== undefined ? ', ' : ' ('}max: ${max}` : ''}${min !== undefined || max !== undefined ? ')' : ''}`
+  );
+
+  return optional ? schema.optional() : schema;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generic boolean schema
+ */
+export const booleanSchema = (
+  description: string,
+  optional: boolean = false,
+  defaultValue?: boolean
+) => {
+  const baseSchema = z.boolean().describe(description);
+
+  if (defaultValue !== undefined) {
+    return baseSchema.default(defaultValue);
+  }
+
+  if (optional) {
+    return baseSchema.optional();
+  }
+
+  return baseSchema;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generic enum schema
+ */
+export const enumSchema = <T extends readonly [string, ...string[]]>(
+  values: T,
+  description: string,
+  optional: boolean = false
+) => {
+  const schema = z.enum(values).describe(description);
+  return optional ? schema.optional() : schema;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generic array schema
+ */
+export const arraySchema = <T extends z.ZodTypeAny>(
+  itemSchema: T,
+  description: string,
+  optional: boolean = false
+) => {
+  const schema = z.array(itemSchema).describe(description);
+  return optional ? schema.optional() : schema;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Generic record/object schema
+ */
+export const recordSchema = (
+  description?: string,
+  optional: boolean = false
+) => {
+  const schema = z
+    .record(z.any())
+    .describe(description || 'Object with arbitrary key-value pairs');
+
+  return optional ? schema.optional() : schema;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Mapbox style specification object
+ */
+export const mapboxStyleSchema = (
+  description?: string,
+  optional: boolean = false
+) => recordSchema(description || 'Mapbox style specification object', optional);
+
+/**
+ * Pagination limit field
+ */
+export const limitSchema = (
+  min: number = 1,
+  max: number = 100,
+  description?: string,
+  optional: boolean = true
+) =>
+  numberSchema(
+    min,
+    max,
+    description || `Maximum number of items to return (${min}-${max})`,
+    optional
+  );
diff --git a/src/tools/create-style-tool/CreateStyleTool.schema.ts b/src/tools/create-style-tool/CreateStyleTool.schema.ts
index 2e5c606..143abdb 100644
--- a/src/tools/create-style-tool/CreateStyleTool.schema.ts
+++ b/src/tools/create-style-tool/CreateStyleTool.schema.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import { stringSchema, mapboxStyleSchema } from '../../schemas/common.js';
 
 export const CreateStyleSchema = z.object({
-  name: z.string().describe('Name for the new style'),
-  style: z.record(z.any()).describe('Mapbox style specification object')
+  name: stringSchema('New name for the style'),
+  style: mapboxStyleSchema()
 });
 
 export type CreateStyleInput = z.infer<typeof CreateStyleSchema>;
diff --git a/src/tools/create-token-tool/CreateTokenTool.schema.ts b/src/tools/create-token-tool/CreateTokenTool.schema.ts
index d9aa613..56fbc3d 100644
--- a/src/tools/create-token-tool/CreateTokenTool.schema.ts
+++ b/src/tools/create-token-tool/CreateTokenTool.schema.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import { stringSchema, arraySchema } from '../../schemas/common.js';
 
 // Public scopes that can be used with public tokens
 const PUBLIC_SCOPES = [
@@ -44,22 +45,20 @@ const SECRET_SCOPES = [
 const ALL_SCOPES = [...PUBLIC_SCOPES, ...SECRET_SCOPES] as const;
 
 export const CreateTokenSchema = z.object({
-  note: z.string().describe('Description of the token'),
-  scopes: z
-    .array(z.enum(ALL_SCOPES))
-    .describe(
-      'Array of scopes/permissions for the token. PUBLIC scopes (styles:tiles, styles:read, fonts:read, datasets:read, vision:read) create a public token. SECRET scopes (all others) create a secret token. If any secret scope is included, the entire token becomes secret and will only be visible once upon creation.'
-    ),
-  allowedUrls: z
-    .array(z.string())
-    .optional()
-    .describe('Optional array of URLs where the token can be used (max 100)'),
-  expires: z
-    .string()
-    .optional()
-    .describe(
-      'Optional expiration time in ISO 8601 format (maximum 1 hour in the future)'
-    )
+  note: stringSchema('Description of the token'),
+  scopes: arraySchema(
+    z.enum(ALL_SCOPES),
+    'Array of scopes/permissions for the token. PUBLIC scopes (styles:tiles, styles:read, fonts:read, datasets:read, vision:read) create a public token. SECRET scopes (all others) create a secret token. If any secret scope is included, the entire token becomes secret and will only be visible once upon creation.'
+  ),
+  allowedUrls: arraySchema(
+    z.string(),
+    'Optional array of URLs where the token can be used (max 100)',
+    true
+  ),
+  expires: stringSchema(
+    'Optional expiration time in ISO 8601 format (maximum 1 hour in the future)',
+    true
+  )
 });
 
 export type CreateTokenInput = z.infer<typeof CreateTokenSchema>;
diff --git a/src/tools/create-token-tool/CreateTokenTool.ts b/src/tools/create-token-tool/CreateTokenTool.ts
index 8ecc6ba..88c9ba4 100644
--- a/src/tools/create-token-tool/CreateTokenTool.ts
+++ b/src/tools/create-token-tool/CreateTokenTool.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ export class CreateTokenTool extends MapboxApiBasedTool<
     );
 
     // Check if any secret scopes are being used
-    const hasSecretScopes = input.scopes.some((scope) =>
+    const hasSecretScopes = input.scopes?.some((scope) =>
       SECRET_SCOPES.includes(scope as (typeof SECRET_SCOPES)[number])
     );
 
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ export class CreateTokenTool extends MapboxApiBasedTool<
       allowedUrls?: string[];
       expires?: string;
     } = {
-      note: input.note,
-      scopes: input.scopes
+      note: input.note as string,
+      scopes: input.scopes || []
     };
 
     if (input.allowedUrls) {
diff --git a/src/tools/delete-style-tool/DeleteStyleTool.schema.ts b/src/tools/delete-style-tool/DeleteStyleTool.schema.ts
index c5a0909..99e4945 100644
--- a/src/tools/delete-style-tool/DeleteStyleTool.schema.ts
+++ b/src/tools/delete-style-tool/DeleteStyleTool.schema.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import { stringSchema } from '../../schemas/common.js';
 
 export const DeleteStyleSchema = z.object({
-  styleId: z.string().describe('Style ID to delete')
+  styleId: stringSchema('Style ID to delete')
 });
 
 export type DeleteStyleInput = z.infer<typeof DeleteStyleSchema>;
diff --git a/src/tools/list-styles-tool/ListStylesTool.schema.ts b/src/tools/list-styles-tool/ListStylesTool.schema.ts
index e2715ba..aaa3780 100644
--- a/src/tools/list-styles-tool/ListStylesTool.schema.ts
+++ b/src/tools/list-styles-tool/ListStylesTool.schema.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,16 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import { limitSchema, stringSchema } from '../../schemas/common.js';
 
 export const ListStylesSchema = z.object({
-  limit: z
-    .number()
-    .optional()
-    .describe(
-      'Maximum number of styles to return (recommended: 5-10 to avoid token limits, default: no limit)'
-    ),
-  start: z
-    .string()
-    .optional()
-    .describe(
-      'Start token for pagination (use the "start" value from previous response)'
-    )
+  limit: limitSchema(
+    1,
+    500,
+    'Maximum number of styles to return (recommended: 5-10 to avoid token limits, default: no limit)'
+  ),
+  start: stringSchema(
+    'Start token for pagination (use the "start" value from previous response)',
+    true
+  )
 });
 
 export type ListStylesInput = z.infer<typeof ListStylesSchema>;
diff --git a/src/tools/list-tokens-tool/ListTokensTool.schema.ts b/src/tools/list-tokens-tool/ListTokensTool.schema.ts
index f2c646a..ab2c1b8 100644
--- a/src/tools/list-tokens-tool/ListTokensTool.schema.ts
+++ b/src/tools/list-tokens-tool/ListTokensTool.schema.ts
@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import {
+  limitSchema,
+  stringSchema,
+  booleanSchema,
+  enumSchema
+} from '../../schemas/common.js';
 
 export const ListTokensSchema = z.object({
-  default: z
-    .boolean()
-    .optional()
-    .describe('Filter to show only the default public token'),
-  limit: z
-    .number()
-    .min(1)
-    .max(100)
-    .optional()
-    .describe('Maximum number of tokens to return (1-100)'),
-  sortby: z
-    .enum(['created', 'modified'])
-    .optional()
-    .describe('Sort tokens by created or modified timestamp'),
-  start: z.string().optional().describe('Token ID to start pagination from'),
-  usage: z
-    .enum(['pk', 'sk', 'tk'])
-    .optional()
-    .describe('Filter by token type: pk (public), sk (secret), tk (temporary)')
+  default: booleanSchema('Filter to show only the default public token', true),
+  limit: limitSchema(1, 100, 'Maximum number of tokens to return (1-100)'),
+  sortby: enumSchema(
+    ['created', 'modified'],
+    'Sort tokens by created or modified timestamp',
+    true
+  ),
+  start: stringSchema('Token ID to start pagination from', true),
+  usage: enumSchema(
+    ['pk', 'sk', 'tk'],
+    'Filter by token type: pk (public), sk (secret), tk (temporary)',
+    true
+  )
 });
 
 export type ListTokensInput = z.infer<typeof ListTokensSchema>;
diff --git a/src/tools/preview-style-tool/PreviewStyleTool.schema.ts b/src/tools/preview-style-tool/PreviewStyleTool.schema.ts
index eec52c3..8b6a545 100644
--- a/src/tools/preview-style-tool/PreviewStyleTool.schema.ts
+++ b/src/tools/preview-style-tool/PreviewStyleTool.schema.ts
@@ -1,26 +1,15 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import {
+  publicAccessTokenSchema,
+  stringSchema,
+  booleanSchema
+} from '../../schemas/common.js';
 
 export const PreviewStyleSchema = z.object({
-  styleId: z.string().describe('Style ID to preview'),
-  accessToken: z
-    .string()
-    .startsWith(
-      'pk.',
-      'Invalid access token. Only public tokens (starting with pk.*) are allowed for preview URLs. Secret tokens (sk.*) cannot be used as they cannot be exposed in browser URLs.'
-    )
-    .describe(
-      'Mapbox public access token (required, must start with pk.* and have styles:read permission). Secret tokens (sk.*) cannot be used as they cannot be exposed in browser URLs. Please use an existing public token or get one from list_tokens_tool or create one with create_token_tool with styles:read permission.'
-    ),
-  title: z
-    .boolean()
-    .optional()
-    .default(false)
-    .describe('Show title in the preview'),
-  zoomwheel: z
-    .boolean()
-    .optional()
-    .default(true)
-    .describe('Enable zoom wheel control')
+  styleId: stringSchema('Style ID to preview'),
+  accessToken: publicAccessTokenSchema(),
+  title: booleanSchema('Show title in the preview', true, false),
+  zoomwheel: booleanSchema('Enable zoom wheel control', true, true)
 });
 
 export type PreviewStyleInput = z.infer<typeof PreviewStyleSchema>;
diff --git a/src/tools/retrieve-style-tool/RetrieveStyleTool.schema.ts b/src/tools/retrieve-style-tool/RetrieveStyleTool.schema.ts
index a6e7aa3..b8bc133 100644
--- a/src/tools/retrieve-style-tool/RetrieveStyleTool.schema.ts
+++ b/src/tools/retrieve-style-tool/RetrieveStyleTool.schema.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import { stringSchema } from '../../schemas/common.js';
 
 export const RetrieveStyleSchema = z.object({
-  styleId: z.string().describe('Style ID to retrieve')
+  styleId: stringSchema('Style ID to retrieve')
 });
 
 export type RetrieveStyleInput = z.infer<typeof RetrieveStyleSchema>;
diff --git a/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.schema.ts b/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.schema.ts
index aa62aec..dbd55f6 100644
--- a/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.schema.ts
+++ b/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.schema.ts
@@ -1,47 +1,19 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import {
+  publicAccessTokenSchema,
+  mapPositionSchema,
+  stringSchema
+} from '../../schemas/common.js';
 
 export const StyleComparisonSchema = z.object({
-  before: z
-    .string()
-    .describe(
-      'Mapbox style for the "before" side. Accepts: full style URL (mapbox://styles/username/styleId), username/styleId format, or just styleId if using your own styles'
-    ),
-  after: z
-    .string()
-    .describe(
-      'Mapbox style for the "after" side. Accepts: full style URL (mapbox://styles/username/styleId), username/styleId format, or just styleId if using your own styles'
-    ),
-  accessToken: z
-    .string()
-    .startsWith(
-      'pk.',
-      'Invalid token type. Style comparison requires a public token (pk.*) that can be used in browser URLs. Secret tokens (sk.*) cannot be exposed in client-side applications. Please provide a public token with styles:read permission.'
-    )
-    .describe(
-      'Mapbox public access token (required, must start with pk.* and have styles:read permission). Secret tokens (sk.*) cannot be used as they cannot be exposed in browser URLs. Please use a public token or create one with styles:read permission.'
-    ),
-  zoom: z
-    .number()
-    .optional()
-    .describe(
-      'Initial zoom level for the map view (0-22). If provided along with latitude and longitude, sets the initial map position.'
-    ),
-  latitude: z
-    .number()
-    .min(-90)
-    .max(90)
-    .optional()
-    .describe(
-      'Latitude coordinate for the initial map center (-90 to 90). Must be provided together with longitude and zoom.'
-    ),
-  longitude: z
-    .number()
-    .min(-180)
-    .max(180)
-    .optional()
-    .describe(
-      'Longitude coordinate for the initial map center (-180 to 180). Must be provided together with latitude and zoom.'
-    )
+  before: stringSchema(
+    'Mapbox style for the "before" side. Accepts: full style URL (mapbox://styles/username/styleId), username/styleId format, or just styleId if using your own styles'
+  ),
+  after: stringSchema(
+    'Mapbox style for the "after" side. Accepts: full style URL (mapbox://styles/username/styleId), username/styleId format, or just styleId if using your own styles'
+  ),
+  accessToken: publicAccessTokenSchema(),
+  ...mapPositionSchema()
 });
 
 export type StyleComparisonInput = z.infer<typeof StyleComparisonSchema>;
diff --git a/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.test.ts b/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.test.ts
index f57750f..7af17c7 100644
--- a/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.test.ts
+++ b/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.test.ts
@@ -93,10 +93,12 @@ describe('StyleComparisonTool', () => {
       expect(result.isError).toBe(true);
       expect(
         (result.content[0] as { type: 'text'; text: string }).text
-      ).toContain('Invalid token type');
+      ).toContain('Invalid access token');
       expect(
         (result.content[0] as { type: 'text'; text: string }).text
-      ).toContain('Secret tokens (sk.*) cannot be exposed');
+      ).toContain(
+        'Secret tokens (sk.*) cannot be used as they cannot be exposed in browser URLs'
+      );
     });
 
     it('should reject invalid token formats', async () => {
@@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ describe('StyleComparisonTool', () => {
       expect(result.isError).toBe(true);
       expect(
         (result.content[0] as { type: 'text'; text: string }).text
-      ).toContain('Invalid token type');
+      ).toContain('Invalid access token');
     });
 
     it('should return error for style ID without valid username in token', async () => {
diff --git a/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.ts b/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.ts
index 1aec199..9abc24e 100644
--- a/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.ts
+++ b/src/tools/style-comparison-tool/StyleComparisonTool.ts
@@ -19,18 +19,25 @@ export class StyleComparisonTool extends BaseTool<
   /**
    * Processes style input to extract username/styleId format
    */
-  private processStyleId(style: string, accessToken: string): string {
+  private processStyleId(
+    style: string | undefined,
+    accessToken?: string
+  ): string {
     // If it's a full URL, extract the username/styleId part
-    if (style.startsWith('mapbox://styles/')) {
+    if (style?.startsWith('mapbox://styles/')) {
       return style.replace('mapbox://styles/', '');
     }
 
     // If it contains a slash, assume it's already username/styleId format
-    if (style.includes('/')) {
+    if (style?.includes('/')) {
       return style;
     }
 
     // If it's just a style ID, try to get username from the token
+    if (!style) {
+      throw new Error('Style is required');
+    }
+
     try {
       const username = MapboxApiBasedTool.getUserNameFromToken(accessToken);
       return `${username}/${style}`;
diff --git a/src/tools/tilequery-tool/TilequeryTool.schema.ts b/src/tools/tilequery-tool/TilequeryTool.schema.ts
index b50a264..bd12215 100644
--- a/src/tools/tilequery-tool/TilequeryTool.schema.ts
+++ b/src/tools/tilequery-tool/TilequeryTool.schema.ts
@@ -1,43 +1,42 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import {
+  latitudeSchema,
+  longitudeSchema,
+  limitSchema,
+  stringSchema,
+  numberSchema,
+  booleanSchema,
+  enumSchema
+} from '../../schemas/common.js';
 
 export const TilequerySchema = z.object({
-  tilesetId: z
-    .string()
-    .optional()
-    .default('mapbox.mapbox-streets-v8')
-    .describe('Tileset ID to query (default: mapbox.mapbox-streets-v8)'),
-  longitude: z
-    .number()
-    .min(-180)
-    .max(180)
-    .describe('Longitude coordinate to query'),
-  latitude: z
-    .number()
-    .min(-90)
-    .max(90)
-    .describe('Latitude coordinate to query'),
-  radius: z
-    .number()
-    .min(0)
-    .optional()
-    .default(0)
-    .describe('Radius in meters to search for features (default: 0)'),
-  limit: z
-    .number()
-    .min(1)
-    .max(50)
-    .optional()
-    .default(5)
-    .describe('Number of features to return (1-50, default: 5)'),
-  dedupe: z
-    .boolean()
-    .optional()
-    .default(true)
-    .describe('Whether to deduplicate identical features (default: true)'),
-  geometry: z
-    .enum(['polygon', 'linestring', 'point'])
-    .optional()
-    .describe('Filter results by geometry type'),
+  tilesetId: stringSchema(
+    'Tileset ID to query (default: mapbox.mapbox-streets-v8)',
+    true
+  ).default('mapbox.mapbox-streets-v8'),
+  longitude: longitudeSchema('Longitude coordinate to query'),
+  latitude: latitudeSchema('Latitude coordinate to query'),
+  radius: numberSchema(
+    0,
+    undefined,
+    'Radius in meters to search for features (default: 0)',
+    true
+  ).default(0),
+  limit: limitSchema(
+    1,
+    50,
+    'Number of features to return (1-50, default: 5)'
+  ).default(5),
+  dedupe: booleanSchema(
+    'Whether to deduplicate identical features (default: true)',
+    true,
+    true
+  ),
+  geometry: enumSchema(
+    ['polygon', 'linestring', 'point'],
+    'Filter results by geometry type',
+    true
+  ),
   layers: z
     .array(z.string())
     .optional()
diff --git a/src/tools/update-style-tool/UpdateStyleTool.schema.ts b/src/tools/update-style-tool/UpdateStyleTool.schema.ts
index 08d8229..7779dcc 100644
--- a/src/tools/update-style-tool/UpdateStyleTool.schema.ts
+++ b/src/tools/update-style-tool/UpdateStyleTool.schema.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 import { z } from 'zod';
+import { stringSchema, mapboxStyleSchema } from '../../schemas/common.js';
 
 export const UpdateStyleSchema = z.object({
-  styleId: z.string().describe('Style ID to update'),
-  name: z.string().optional().describe('New name for the style'),
-  style: z
-    .record(z.any())
-    .optional()
-    .describe('Updated Mapbox style specification object')
+  styleId: stringSchema('Style ID to update'),
+  name: stringSchema('New name for the style', true),
+  style: mapboxStyleSchema('Updated Mapbox style specification object', true)
 });
 
 export type UpdateStyleInput = z.infer<typeof UpdateStyleSchema>;