apacheGH-45986: [C++] Update bundled GoogleTest (apache#45996)

### Rationale for this change

The current bundle Google 1.11.0 was released in 2021. It's too old.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Update to the latest GoogleTest: 1.16.0

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* GitHub Issue: apache#45986

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>

Author: kou

.github/workflows/cpp.yml

@@ -210,7 +210,6 @@ jobs:
       ARROW_WITH_SNAPPY: ON
       ARROW_WITH_ZLIB: ON
       ARROW_WITH_ZSTD: ON
-      GTest_SOURCE: BUNDLED
     steps:
       - name: CPU Info
         run: |
@@ -406,7 +405,6 @@ jobs:
       # We can't use unity build because we don't have enough memory on
       # GitHub Actions.
       # CMAKE_UNITY_BUILD: ON
-      GTest_SOURCE: BUNDLED
     steps:
       - name: Disable Crash Dialogs
         run: |

cpp/cmake_modules/ThirdpartyToolchain.cmake

@@ -694,8 +694,7 @@ if(DEFINED ENV{ARROW_GTEST_URL})
   set(GTEST_SOURCE_URL "$ENV{ARROW_GTEST_URL}")
 else()
   set_urls(GTEST_SOURCE_URL
-           "https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/release-${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz"
-           "https://chromium.googlesource.com/external/github.com/google/googletest/+archive/release-${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz"
+           "https://github.com/google/googletest/releases/download/v${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION}/googletest-${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz"
            "${THIRDPARTY_MIRROR_URL}/gtest-${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz")
 endif()
 
@@ -2338,6 +2337,9 @@ function(build_gtest)
                        URL ${GTEST_SOURCE_URL}
                        URL_HASH "SHA256=${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM}")
   prepare_fetchcontent()
+  # We can remove this once we remove set(CMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM
+  # 3.5) from prepare_fetchcontent().
+  unset(CMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM)
   if(APPLE)
     string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -Wno-unused-value" " -Wno-ignored-attributes")
   endif()

cpp/thirdparty/versions.txt

@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ ARROW_GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_BUILD_VERSION=v2.22.0
 ARROW_GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=0c68782e57959c82e0c81def805c01460a042c1aae0c2feee905acaa2a2dc9bf
 ARROW_GRPC_BUILD_VERSION=v1.46.3
 ARROW_GRPC_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=d6cbf22cb5007af71b61c6be316a79397469c58c82a942552a62e708bce60964
-ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION=1.11.0
-ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=b4870bf121ff7795ba20d20bcdd8627b8e088f2d1dab299a031c1034eddc93d5
+ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION=1.16.0
+ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=78c676fc63881529bf97bf9d45948d905a66833fbfa5318ea2cd7478cb98f399
 ARROW_JEMALLOC_BUILD_VERSION=5.3.0
 ARROW_JEMALLOC_BUILD_SHA256_CHECKSUM=2db82d1e7119df3e71b7640219b6dfe84789bc0537983c3b7ac4f7189aecfeaa
 ARROW_LZ4_BUILD_VERSION=v1.10.0
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES=(
   "ARROW_GLOG_URL glog-${ARROW_GLOG_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz https://github.com/google/glog/archive/${ARROW_GLOG_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz"
   "ARROW_GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_URL google-cloud-cpp-${ARROW_GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz https://github.com/googleapis/google-cloud-cpp/archive/${ARROW_GOOGLE_CLOUD_CPP_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz"
   "ARROW_GRPC_URL grpc-${ARROW_GRPC_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz https://github.com/grpc/grpc/archive/${ARROW_GRPC_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz"
-  "ARROW_GTEST_URL gtest-${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/release-${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz"
+  "ARROW_GTEST_URL gtest-${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz https://github.com/google/googletest/releases/download/v${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION}/googletest-${ARROW_GTEST_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz"
   "ARROW_JEMALLOC_URL jemalloc-${ARROW_JEMALLOC_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.bz2 https://github.com/jemalloc/jemalloc/releases/download/${ARROW_JEMALLOC_BUILD_VERSION}/jemalloc-${ARROW_JEMALLOC_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.bz2"
   "ARROW_LZ4_URL lz4-${ARROW_LZ4_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz https://github.com/lz4/lz4/archive/${ARROW_LZ4_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz"
   "ARROW_MIMALLOC_URL mimalloc-${ARROW_MIMALLOC_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz https://github.com/microsoft/mimalloc/archive/${ARROW_MIMALLOC_BUILD_VERSION}.tar.gz"