diff --git a/.github/workflows/deploy-prod-bulk.yml b/.github/workflows/deploy-prod-bulk.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f459dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/deploy-prod-bulk.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# Orchestrator workflow for deploying Fabric items to the Prod workspace via the Bulk Import API.
+#
+# Alternative to deploy-prod.yml. Both fire on push to main; only one runs based
+# on the DEPLOY_METHOD repository variable:
+#   - DEPLOY_METHOD = 'bulk'              → this workflow runs
+#   - DEPLOY_METHOD = 'fabric-cicd' or '' → deploy-prod.yml runs
+#   - any other value                     → both skip (safe default)
+#
+# The `Prod` GitHub Environment should have protection rules configured
+# (e.g., required reviewers, branch policy restricting to main only).
+#
+# The ETL workflow (etl-prod.yml) triggers automatically via workflow_run
+# once deployment completes successfully.
+
+name: Deploy to Prod (Bulk API)
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [main]
+    paths: ["data/fabric/**", ".github/workflows/**"]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  deploy-bulk:
+    name: Deploy via Bulk Import API
+    if: vars.DEPLOY_METHOD == 'bulk'
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-deploy-bulk.yml
+    with:
+      environment: Prod
+    secrets: inherit
diff --git a/.github/workflows/deploy-prod.yml b/.github/workflows/deploy-prod.yml
index 4e25baa..ba7b082 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/deploy-prod.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/deploy-prod.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 # The ETL workflow (etl-prod.yml) triggers automatically via workflow_run
 # once deployment completes successfully.
 
-name: Deploy to Prod
+name: Deploy to Prod (fabric-cicd)
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   deploy-supported:
     name: Deploy supported items
+    # Gated by the DEPLOY_METHOD repository variable. Runs when unset or set to
+    # 'fabric-cicd'. Set DEPLOY_METHOD='bulk' to route deployments through
+    # deploy-prod-bulk.yml instead. Any other value disables both workflows.
+    if: vars.DEPLOY_METHOD == '' || vars.DEPLOY_METHOD == 'fabric-cicd'
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-deploy-supported.yml
     with:
       environment: Prod
diff --git a/.github/workflows/deploy-test-bulk.yml b/.github/workflows/deploy-test-bulk.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5ad058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/deploy-test-bulk.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# Orchestrator workflow for deploying Fabric items to the Test workspace via the Bulk Import API.
+#
+# Alternative to deploy-test.yml. Both fire on push to test; only one runs based
+# on the DEPLOY_METHOD repository variable:
+#   - DEPLOY_METHOD = 'bulk'              → this workflow runs
+#   - DEPLOY_METHOD = 'fabric-cicd' or '' → deploy-test.yml runs
+#   - any other value                     → both skip (safe default)
+#
+# The ETL workflow (etl-test.yml) triggers automatically via workflow_run
+# once deployment completes successfully.
+
+name: Deploy to Test (Bulk API)
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [test]
+    paths: ["data/fabric/**", ".github/workflows/**"]
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  deploy-bulk:
+    name: Deploy via Bulk Import API
+    if: vars.DEPLOY_METHOD == 'bulk'
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-deploy-bulk.yml
+    with:
+      environment: Test
+    secrets: inherit
diff --git a/.github/workflows/deploy-test.yml b/.github/workflows/deploy-test.yml
index 328c80d..c9aecbd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/deploy-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/deploy-test.yml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # The ETL workflow (etl-test.yml) triggers automatically via workflow_run
 # once deployment completes successfully.
 
-name: Deploy to Test
+name: Deploy to Test (fabric-cicd)
 
 on:
   push:
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   deploy-supported:
     name: Deploy supported items
+    # Gated by the DEPLOY_METHOD repository variable. Runs when unset or set to
+    # 'fabric-cicd'. Set DEPLOY_METHOD='bulk' to route deployments through
+    # deploy-test-bulk.yml instead. Any other value disables both workflows.
+    if: vars.DEPLOY_METHOD == '' || vars.DEPLOY_METHOD == 'fabric-cicd'
     uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-deploy-supported.yml
     with:
       environment: Test
diff --git a/.github/workflows/etl-prod.yml b/.github/workflows/etl-prod.yml
index 74855b2..5f57dfd 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/etl-prod.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/etl-prod.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@ name: ETL - Prod
 
 on:
   workflow_run:
-    workflows: ["Deploy to Prod"]
+    # Triggered by either deployment workflow. The DEPLOY_METHOD repository
+    # variable ensures only one of them actually runs per push, so ETL fires once.
+    # The success conclusion gate below skips ETL when a deploy was skipped.
+    workflows: ["Deploy to Prod (fabric-cicd)", "Deploy to Prod (Bulk API)"]
     types: [completed]
 
 permissions:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/etl-test.yml b/.github/workflows/etl-test.yml
index ce86064..aac7159 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/etl-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/etl-test.yml
@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@ name: ETL - Test
 
 on:
   workflow_run:
-    workflows: ["Deploy to Test"]
+    # Triggered by either deployment workflow. The DEPLOY_METHOD repository
+    # variable ensures only one of them actually runs per push, so ETL fires once.
+    # The success conclusion gate below skips ETL when a deploy was skipped.
+    workflows: ["Deploy to Test (fabric-cicd)", "Deploy to Test (Bulk API)"]
     types: [completed]
 
 permissions:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/reusable-deploy-bulk.yml b/.github/workflows/reusable-deploy-bulk.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1e1f7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/reusable-deploy-bulk.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+# Reusable workflow: Deploy supported Fabric items via the Bulk Import Item Definitions API (Preview).
+#
+# Alternative deployment path to reusable-deploy-supported.yml. Uses the Fabric
+# REST API's bulk import endpoint instead of the fabric-cicd Python library.
+# Selected at orchestrator level via the DEPLOY_METHOD repository variable.
+#
+# Called by: deploy-test-bulk.yml, deploy-prod-bulk.yml
+#
+# Prerequisites:
+#   - GitHub Environment secrets: AZURE_TENANT_ID, AZURE_CLIENT_ID,
+#     AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET, FABRIC_WORKSPACE_ID
+#   - Service principal must have Contributor (or higher) role on the target workspace
+#   - Fabric Admin must enable "Service principals can use Fabric APIs"
+#   - Every item type in the request payload must support service principals
+#     (the bulk API requires SPN support for ALL items in the request, not just some)
+#
+# Known gaps vs. reusable-deploy-supported.yml (fabric-cicd):
+#   - No parameter.yml find_replace / key_value_replace substitution
+#   - No orphan cleanup (Bulk Import API only supports Create/Update, not Delete)
+#   - No item_type_in_scope filter (deploys everything in repository_directory)
+#
+# API references:
+#   - Bulk import: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/fabric/core/items/bulk-import-item-definitions(beta)
+#   - Long running ops: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/fabric/articles/long-running-operation
+#
+# TODO: When the Bulk Import API graduates from Preview, drop the ?beta=true
+# query parameter and re-verify the endpoint URL.
+
+name: "Reusable: Deploy via Bulk Import API"
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      environment:
+        description: "Target environment (Test, Prod)"
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      repository_directory:
+        description: "Path to the Fabric item definitions"
+        required: false
+        type: string
+        default: "data/fabric"
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  deploy:
+    name: Deploy via Bulk Import API (${{ inputs.environment }})
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    environment: ${{ inputs.environment }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd # v6
+
+      - name: Set up Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@a309ff8b426b58ec0e2a45f0f869d46889d02405 # v6
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.12"
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: pip install requests
+
+      - name: Bulk import item definitions
+        env:
+          AZURE_TENANT_ID: ${{ secrets.AZURE_TENANT_ID }}
+          AZURE_CLIENT_ID: ${{ secrets.AZURE_CLIENT_ID }}
+          AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET: ${{ secrets.AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET }}
+          FABRIC_WORKSPACE_ID: ${{ secrets.FABRIC_WORKSPACE_ID }}
+          REPOSITORY_DIRECTORY: ${{ inputs.repository_directory }}
+        run: |
+          python -c "
+          import base64
+          import json
+          import os
+          import pathlib
+          import sys
+          import time
+          import requests
+
+          # Polling configuration (decisions #15, #16)
+          POLL_FALLBACK_SECONDS = 30
+          POLL_FLOOR_SECONDS = 5
+          POLL_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 20 * 60
+          TOKEN_REFRESH_EVERY_N_POLLS = 20
+
+          # Files to skip when building definitionParts[]. Two layers of exclusion:
+          # 1. Named files: known files that should never be sent (parameter.yml is
+          #    fabric-cicd config; .gitkeep is a Git placeholder).
+          # 2. Structural rule: item definitions always live inside *.<Type>/ folders,
+          #    so any file directly under repository_directory is excluded by
+          #    construction (handled in build_definition_parts).
+          EXCLUDED_FILES = {'parameter.yml', '.gitkeep'}
+
+          tenant_id = os.environ['AZURE_TENANT_ID']
+          client_id = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_ID']
+          client_secret = os.environ['AZURE_CLIENT_SECRET']
+          workspace_id = os.environ['FABRIC_WORKSPACE_ID']
+          repo_dir = pathlib.Path(os.environ['REPOSITORY_DIRECTORY']).resolve()
+
+
+          def acquire_token() -> str:
+              token_url = f'https://login.microsoftonline.com/{tenant_id}/oauth2/v2.0/token'
+              resp = requests.post(
+                  token_url,
+                  data={
+                      'grant_type': 'client_credentials',
+                      'client_id': client_id,
+                      'client_secret': client_secret,
+                      'scope': 'https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/.default',
+                  },
+                  timeout=30,
+              )
+              if resp.status_code != 200:
+                  sys.exit(f'::error::Token acquisition failed: HTTP {resp.status_code} {resp.text}')
+              token = resp.json()['access_token']
+              # Mask the token in workflow logs (decision #10)
+              print(f'::add-mask::{token}')
+              return token
+
+
+          def build_definition_parts() -> list:
+              if not repo_dir.is_dir():
+                  sys.exit(f'::error::Repository directory not found: {repo_dir}')
+              parts = []
+              for f in sorted(repo_dir.rglob('*')):
+                  if not f.is_file():
+                      continue
+                  if f.name in EXCLUDED_FILES:
+                      continue
+                  # Item definitions live inside *.<Type>/ subfolders; anything at
+                  # the root of repository_directory cannot belong to an item.
+                  if f.parent == repo_dir:
+                      continue
+                  rel = '/' + f.relative_to(repo_dir).as_posix()
+                  parts.append({
+                      'path': rel,
+                      'payload': base64.b64encode(f.read_bytes()).decode('ascii'),
+                      'payloadType': 'InlineBase64',
+                  })
+              if not parts:
+                  sys.exit(f'::error::No item definition files found under {repo_dir}')
+              return parts
+
+
+          def poll_lro(operation_id: str, headers: dict, initial_retry_after: int) -> None:
+              base = 'https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/operations'
+              retry_after = max(initial_retry_after or POLL_FALLBACK_SECONDS, POLL_FLOOR_SECONDS)
+              started = time.monotonic()
+              poll_count = 0
+
+              while True:
+                  elapsed = time.monotonic() - started
+                  if elapsed > POLL_TIMEOUT_SECONDS:
+                      sys.exit(
+                          f'::error::LRO polling timed out after {POLL_TIMEOUT_SECONDS}s '
+                          f'(operation {operation_id})'
+                      )
+
+                  time.sleep(retry_after)
+                  poll_count += 1
+
+                  # Refresh token periodically for long-running operations
+                  # (mirrors the pattern in reusable-fabric-etl.yml).
+                  if poll_count > 0 and poll_count % TOKEN_REFRESH_EVERY_N_POLLS == 0:
+                      headers['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {acquire_token()}'
+
+                  resp = requests.get(f'{base}/{operation_id}', headers=headers, timeout=30)
+                  if resp.status_code != 200:
+                      sys.exit(f'::error::Poll request failed: HTTP {resp.status_code} {resp.text}')
+
+                  body = resp.json()
+                  status = body.get('status', 'Unknown')
+                  print(f'Poll {poll_count} (t+{int(elapsed)}s): status={status}')
+
+                  if status == 'Succeeded':
+                      return
+                  if status in ('Failed', 'Undefined'):
+                      print(json.dumps(body, indent=2))
+                      sys.exit(f'::error::LRO ended with status: {status}')
+
+                  # NotStarted or Running — keep polling. Honor Retry-After if present.
+                  retry_after = max(
+                      int(resp.headers.get('Retry-After', POLL_FALLBACK_SECONDS)),
+                      POLL_FLOOR_SECONDS,
+                  )
+
+
+          def check_per_item_status(result: dict) -> None:
+              details = result.get('importItemDefinitionsDetails', [])
+              print(json.dumps(result, indent=2))
+              if not details:
+                  sys.exit('::error::Result body has no importItemDefinitionsDetails')
+
+              failures = [
+                  d for d in details
+                  if d.get('operationStatus') in ('Failed', 'SucceededDespiteFailures')
+              ]
+              if failures:
+                  summary = '\n'.join(
+                      f\"  - {d.get('itemDisplayName')} ({d.get('itemType')}): \"
+                      f\"{d.get('operationStatus')}\"
+                      for d in failures
+                  )
+                  sys.exit(f'::error::{len(failures)} item(s) failed:\n{summary}')
+
+              print(f'All {len(details)} items deployed successfully.')
+
+
+          # ---------- main flow ----------
+          token = acquire_token()
+          headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {token}', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+
+          parts = build_definition_parts()
+          print(f'Built request body with {len(parts)} definition parts from {repo_dir}')
+
+          request_body = {
+              'definitionParts': parts,
+              'options': {'allowPairingByName': False},
+          }
+
+          # Endpoint URL per the API reference page (the tutorial's URL is wrong).
+          # https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/fabric/core/items/bulk-import-item-definitions(beta)
+          api_url = (
+              f'https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}'
+              f'/items/bulkImportDefinitions?beta=true'
+          )
+          print(f'POST {api_url}')
+
+          post_resp = requests.post(api_url, headers=headers, json=request_body, timeout=120)
+
+          if post_resp.status_code == 200:
+              # Sync path — result is in the response body directly.
+              check_per_item_status(post_resp.json())
+              sys.exit(0)
+
+          if post_resp.status_code == 202:
+              # Async path — poll the LRO, then fetch the result.
+              operation_id = post_resp.headers.get('x-ms-operation-id')
+              if not operation_id:
+                  sys.exit('::error::202 response missing x-ms-operation-id header')
+
+              initial_retry = int(post_resp.headers.get('Retry-After', POLL_FALLBACK_SECONDS))
+              print(f'202 Accepted, operation_id={operation_id}, initial Retry-After={initial_retry}s')
+
+              poll_lro(operation_id, headers, initial_retry)
+
+              result_resp = requests.get(
+                  f'https://api.fabric.microsoft.com/v1/operations/{operation_id}/result',
+                  headers=headers,
+                  timeout=30,
+              )
+              if result_resp.status_code != 200:
+                  sys.exit(
+                      f'::error::Failed to fetch operation result: '
+                      f'HTTP {result_resp.status_code} {result_resp.text}'
+                  )
+              check_per_item_status(result_resp.json())
+              sys.exit(0)
+
+          sys.exit(
+              f'::error::Bulk import POST failed: HTTP {post_resp.status_code} {post_resp.text}'
+          )
+          "