feat: add classes and objects lectures (freeCodeCamp#61327)

Co-authored-by: Dario-DC <105294544+Dario-DC@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: majestic-owl448

curriculum/challenges/_meta/lecture-classes-and-objects/meta.json

@@ -5,6 +5,19 @@
   "blockType": "lecture",
   "blockLayout": "challenge-list",
   "superBlock": "full-stack-developer",
-  "challengeOrder": [{ "id": "68420bd261d0d35f61922d4b", "title": "Step 1" }],
+  "challengeOrder": [
+    {
+      "id": "68420bd261d0d35f61922d4b",
+      "title": "How Do Classes Work and How Do They Differ From Objects?"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "6874b5fc38f90f25e18093ce",
+      "title": "What Are Methods and Attributes, and How Do They Work?"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "6874b7d3b286c538b39d0c25",
+      "title": "What Are Special Methods and What Are They Used For?"
+    }
+  ],
   "helpCategory": "Python"
-}
+}

curriculum/challenges/english/25-front-end-development/lecture-classes-and-objects/68420bd261d0d35f61922d4b.md

@@ -1,137 +1,220 @@
 ---
 id: 68420bd261d0d35f61922d4b
-# title needs to be updated to correct title when lectures are finalized
-title: Classes and Objects
-# change back to 11 when video is added
+title: How Do Classes Work and How Do They Differ From Objects?
 challengeType: 19
-# videoId: new-id-goes-here-when-ready
-# dashedName needs to be updated to correct title when lectures are finalized
-dashedName: lecture-classes-and-objects
+dashedName: how-do-classes-work-and-how-do-they-differ-from-objects
 ---
 
 # --description--
 
-Watch the video or read the transcript and answer the questions below.
+In Python, classes and objects work hand in hand to organize and manage data. You build a class to define shared behavior, then create objects that use those behaviors.
+
+In other words, a class is like a blueprint or template you use to create objects with.
+
+Let's look at what classes are, and how to use them to create objects.
+
+To create a class, you use the `class` keyword followed by the name of the class and a colon. Then within the class, you can add an initializer, along with any attributes and methods.
+
+Attributes are like variables within a class, and are used to store data. Methods are functions defined within a class, and are the actions objects created with a class can perform.
+
+Here's the basic syntax of a class:
+
+```python
+class ClassName:
+    def __init__(self, name, age):
+        self.name = name
+        self.age = age
+
+    def sample_method(self):               
+        print(self.name.upper())
+```
+
+* `class ClassName` is made up of the `class` keyword to create a class, followed by the name of the class, here called `ClassName`. It is common in Python to use the **PascalCase** convention when naming classes.
+    
+* `def __init__(self, name, age)` is the special method automatically called when a new object is created. It initializes the attributes of the objects that will be created with the class.
+    
+    In addition to that, the first parameter of `__init__` is always a reference to the specific object being created or used. By convention, this parameter is named `self`, but technically, you can use any name. `self` lets you access the object's own attributes and methods.
+    
+* `self.name = name` and `self.age = age` are the attributes the objects will have.
+    
+* `def sample_method(self):` is the method each object created can call.
+    
+* `print(self.name.upper())` is what the `sample_method` method will do, in this case, it prints the name in uppercase.
+    
+
+If that all sounds like a lot, don't worry. Let's take a look at a similar example of a `Dog` class, and how you can create objects from that:
+
+```python
+class Dog:
+    def __init__(self, name, age):
+        self.name = name
+        self.age = age
+
+    def bark(self):
+        print(f"{self.name.upper()} says woof woof!")
+```
+
+With this `Dog` class, you can create an object. Here's the basic syntax for creating objects from a class:
+
+```python
+object_1 = ClassName(attribute_1, attribute_2)
+object_2 = ClassName(attribute_1, attribute_2)
+```
+
+You can also call any of the methods defined in the class from each object:
+
+```python
+object_1.method_name()
+object_2.method_name()
+```
+
+Now let's create two dogs by using the `Dog` class as the blueprint:
+
+```python
+class Dog:
+    def __init__(self, name, age):
+        self.name = name
+        self.age = age
+
+    def bark(self):
+        print(f"{self.name.upper()} says woof woof! I'm {self.age} years old!")
+
+dog_1 = Dog("Jack", 3)
+dog_2 = Dog("Thatcher", 5)
+
+# Call the bark method
+dog_1.bark()  # JACK says woof woof! I'm 3 years old!
+dog_2.bark()  # THATCHER says woof woof! I'm 5 years old!
+```
+
+As you can see, we create two dog objects using the `Dog` class. When initializing `dog_1`, the string `Jack` and the number `3` are passed, which sets the `name` and `age` attributes for that instance. And `dog_2` is initialized with the string `Thatcher` and number `5` as its `name` and `age`, respectively.
+
+Then when you call the `.bark()` method on `dog_1` and `dog_2`, you can see how both outputs differ, and use the unique `name` and `age` attributes you passed in when creating each object.
+
+In summary, the difference between a class and an object is that a class is the template or the blueprint, and an object is what is created using that template.
+
+Also, a class defines what data and behavior the object should have, and an object holds the actual data and uses that behavior. You write a class once, and you can make many objects from it, each with different data.
+
 
 # --questions--
 
 ## --text--
 
-Question 1
+What is the output of this code?
+
+```python
+class Dog:  
+    def __init__(self, name):  
+        self.name = name
+
+    def bark(self):  
+        print(f"{self.name} says Woof!")  
+
+my_dog = Dog("Rex")
+print(my_dog.name)
+```
 
 ## --answers--
 
-Answer 1.1
+`Rex says Woof!`
 
 ### --feedback--
 
-Feedback 1
+Look at what is being printed: is it calling a method or accessing an attribute?
 
 ---
 
-Answer 1.2
+`name`
 
 ### --feedback--
 
-Feedback 1
+Look at what is being printed: is it calling a method or accessing an attribute?
 
 ---
 
-Answer 1.3
-
-### --feedback--
-
-Feedback 1
+`Rex`
 
 ---
 
-Answer 1.4
+Error
 
 ### --feedback--
 
-Feedback 1
+Look at what is being printed: is it calling a method or accessing an attribute?
 
 ## --video-solution--
 
-5
+3
 
 ## --text--
 
-Question 2
+What is the special method that gets automatically called when a new object is created?
 
 ## --answers--
 
-Answer 2.1
+`__create_object__`
 
 ### --feedback--
 
-Feedback 2
+Think about what initializes the attributes an object will have.
 
 ---
 
-Answer 2.2
-
-### --feedback--
-
-Feedback 2
+`__init__`
 
 ---
 
-Answer 2.3
+`__new__`
 
 ### --feedback--
 
-Feedback 2
+Think about what initializes the attributes an object will have.
 
 ---
 
-Answer 2.4
+`__setup__`
 
 ### --feedback--
 
-Feedback 2
+Think about what initializes the attributes an object will have.
 
 ## --video-solution--
 
-5
+2
 
 ## --text--
 
-Question 3
+What is the blueprint or template for creating objects?
 
 ## --answers--
 
-Answer 3.1
+A variable
 
 ### --feedback--
 
-Feedback 3
+Think about what defines the structure and behavior of objects created from it.
 
 ---
 
-Answer 3.2
+A function
 
 ### --feedback--
 
-Feedback 3
+Think about what defines the structure and behavior of objects created from it.
 
 ---
 
-Answer 3.3
-
-### --feedback--
-
-Feedback 3
+A class
 
 ---
 
-Answer 3.4
+A loop
 
 ### --feedback--
 
-Feedback 3
+Think about what defines the structure and behavior of objects created from it.
 
 ## --video-solution--
 
-5
+3