fix(curriculum): restructure python basics module (freeCodeCamp#64700)

Co-authored-by: majestic-owl448 <26656284+majestic-owl448@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: Dario-DC

client/i18n/locales/english/intro.json

@@ -6715,7 +6715,35 @@
       "lecture-introduction-to-python": {
         "title": "Introduction to Python",
         "intro": [
-          "In these lessons, you will learn the fundamentals of Python. You'll learn about variables, data types, operators, control flow, functions, and more."
+          "In these lessons, you will learn what Python is, how to set up your development environment."
+        ]
+      },
+      "lecture-understanding-variables-and-data-types": {
+        "title": "Understanding Variables and Data Types",
+        "intro": [
+          "In these lessons, you will learn about variables and data types in Python."
+        ]
+      },
+      "lecture-introduction-to-python-strings": {
+        "title": "Introduction to Strings",
+        "intro": ["In these lessons, you will learn about strings in Python."]
+      },
+      "lecture-numbers-and-mathematical-operations": {
+        "title": "Numbers and Mathematical Operations",
+        "intro": [
+          "In these lessons, you will learn about numbers and mathematical operations in Python."
+        ]
+      },
+      "lecture-booleans-and-conditionals": {
+        "title": "Booleans and Conditionals",
+        "intro": [
+          "In these lessons, you will learn about booleans and conditionals in Python."
+        ]
+      },
+      "lecture-understanding-functions-and-scope": {
+        "title": "Understanding Functions and Scope",
+        "intro": [
+          "In these lessons, you will learn about functions and scope in Python."
         ]
       },
       "workshop-caesar-cipher": {

client/src/pages/learn/python-v9/lecture-booleans-and-conditionals/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+title: Introduction to the Booleans and Conditionals
+block: lecture-booleans-and-conditionals
+superBlock: python-v9
+---
+
+## Introduction to the Booleans and Conditionals
+
+In these lessons, you will learn about booleans and conditionals in Python.

client/src/pages/learn/python-v9/lecture-introduction-to-python-strings/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+title: Introduction to the Introduction to Strings
+block: lecture-introduction-to-python-strings
+superBlock: python-v9
+---
+
+## Introduction to the Introduction to Strings
+
+In these lessons, you will learn about strings in Python.

…/lecture-introduction-to-python/index.md …/lecture-introduction-to-python/index.mdclient/src/pages/learn/full-stack-developer/lecture-introduction-to-python/index.md renamed to client/src/pages/learn/python-v9/lecture-introduction-to-python/index.md client/src/pages/learn/full-stack-developer/lecture-introduction-to-python/index.md renamed to client/src/pages/learn/python-v9/lecture-introduction-to-python/index.md

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 ---
 title: Introduction to Introduction to Python
 block: lecture-introduction-to-python
-superBlock: full-stack-developer
+superBlock: python-v9
 ---
 
 ## Introduction to Introduction to Python
 
-Learn about Introduction to Python in these lessons.
+In these lessons, you will learn what Python is, how to set up your development environment.

client/src/pages/learn/python-v9/lecture-numbers-and-mathematical-operations/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+title: Introduction to the Numbers and Mathematical Operations
+block: lecture-numbers-and-mathematical-operations
+superBlock: python-v9
+---
+
+## Introduction to the Numbers and Mathematical Operations
+
+In these lessons, you will learn about numbers and mathematical operations in Python.

client/src/pages/learn/python-v9/lecture-understanding-functions-and-scope/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+title: Introduction to the Understanding Functions and Scope
+block: lecture-understanding-functions-and-scope
+superBlock: python-v9
+---
+
+## Introduction to the Understanding Functions and Scope
+
+In these lessons, you will learn about functions and scope in Python.

client/src/pages/learn/python-v9/lecture-understanding-variables-and-data-types/index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+title: Introduction to the Understanding Variables and Data Types
+block: lecture-understanding-variables-and-data-types
+superBlock: python-v9
+---
+
+## Introduction to the Understanding Variables and Data Types
+
+In these lessons, you will learn about variables and data types in Python.

…on-to-python/67fe85a3db9bad35f2b6a2bd.md …conditionals/67fe85a3db9bad35f2b6a2bd.mdcurriculum/challenges/english/blocks/lecture-introduction-to-python/67fe85a3db9bad35f2b6a2bd.md renamed to curriculum/challenges/english/blocks/lecture-booleans-and-conditionals/67fe85a3db9bad35f2b6a2bd.md curriculum/challenges/english/blocks/lecture-introduction-to-python/67fe85a3db9bad35f2b6a2bd.md renamed to curriculum/challenges/english/blocks/lecture-booleans-and-conditionals/67fe85a3db9bad35f2b6a2bd.md

@@ -42,17 +42,18 @@ In Python, the most basic conditional is the `if` statement. Here's the basic sy
 
 ```python
 if condition:
-    # Code to execute if condition is True
+    pass # Code to execute if condition is True
 ```
 
 * `if` statements start with the `if` keyword.
 
 * `condition` is an expression that evaluates to `True` or `False`, followed by a colon (`:`).
 
-* The indentation specifies the block of code within the body of the `if` statement.
+* The body of the `if` statement constitutes a <dfn>code block</dfn>, which is a group of statements that belong together. In Python, the level of indentation is what defines a code block.
 
+In the example above, the body of the `if` statement contains a `pass` statement. When a `pass` statement is executed, nothing happens. This is a special keyword that can be used as a placeholder for future code and it is useful when empty code blocks are not allowed.
 
-And here's an example:
+The code within the body of the `if` statement runs only when the condition evaluates to `True`. For example:
 
 ```python
 age = 18
@@ -61,7 +62,22 @@ if age >= 18:
     print('You are an adult') # You are an adult
 ```
 
-But if `age` is anything less than `18`, nothing is printed in the terminal:
+Notice the indentation before `print('You are an adult')`. While other programming languages use characters like curly braces to define code blocks, and just use indentation for readability, in Python, code blocks are determined by indentation.
+
+The following code would raise an `IndentationError`, which is Python's way to signal that indentation is required at a certain point of the code:
+
+```py
+age = 18
+
+if age >= 18:
+print('You are an adult') # IndentationError: expected an indented block after 'if' statement on line 3
+```
+
+Though you can use any number spaces (as long as you are consistent) to determine each level of indentation, the Python style guide recommends using four spaces.
+
+Blocks are also found in loops and functions, which you'll learn about in future lessons.
+
+Going back to our example, if `age` is anything less than `18`, nothing is printed in the terminal:
 
 ```python
 age = 12
@@ -74,9 +90,9 @@ But what if you also want to print something if `age` is less than `18`? That's
 
 ```python
 if condition:
-   # Code to execute if condition is True
+   pass # Code to execute if condition is True
 else:
-   # Code to execute if condition is False
+   pass # Code to execute if condition is False
 ```
 
 For example:
@@ -96,11 +112,11 @@ Here's the syntax:
 
 ```python
 if condition:
-   # Code to execute if condition is True
+   pass # Code to execute if condition is True
 elif condition2:
-   # Code to execute if condition2 is True
+   pass # Code to execute if condition2 is True
 else:
-   # Code to execute if all conditions are False
+   pass # Code to execute if all conditions are False
 ```
 
 For example: