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| 1 | +# Module CO2Stop - Carbon Dioxide Removal |
| 2 | + |
| 3 | +Welcome to the documentation of the `module_co2stop_cdr` data module! |
| 4 | +This module performs geospatial aggregation of $CO_2$ sequestration potentials for Europe using the [CO2Stop dataset](https://energy.ec.europa.eu/publications/assessment-co2-storage-potential-europe-co2stop_en). |
| 5 | + |
| 6 | +Please consult the [specification guidelines](./specification.md) and the [`clio` documentation](https://clio.readthedocs.io/) for more information. |
| 7 | + |
| 8 | +## Overview |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | + |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +The analysis of the module is structured as follows: |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +1. The CO2Stop dataset is downloaded and cleaned up following methods described in the [JRC - CO2 transport report](https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC136709). |
| 15 | +Storage units and traps are removed according to the following. |
| 16 | + - Cases that were not assessed or for which data was undisclosed. |
| 17 | + - Ambiguous duplicates (these are two small traps located in the north sea with repeated IDs and capacities). |
| 18 | + - Optionally, details from the dataset are used to remove the following, if configured: |
| 19 | + - Cases marked as having surface issues (e.g., a protected area). |
| 20 | + - Cases marked as having subsurface issues (e.g., ground water). |
| 21 | + - Artificial polygons created by the CO2Stop authors (i.e., the true spatial extent is unknown). |
| 22 | +1. To avoid double-counting, traps within the remaining storage units are removed as their capacity is already included in the storage unit total. |
| 23 | +Please consult the [CO2Stop Final report](https://energy.ec.europa.eu/publications/assessment-co2-storage-potential-europe-co2stop_en) (section 2.3.1) for details. |
| 24 | +1. Three scenarios (`low`, `medium`, `high`) are created for each sequestration type (`aquifer`, `gas`, `oil`) for the remaining CO2Stop data. |
| 25 | +User-configured lower and upper bounds are applied per-polygon at this stage. |
| 26 | +See `bounds_mtco2: co2stop_polygons` in the configuration schema for more information. |
| 27 | + |
| 28 | +1. The resulting sequestration potential is aggregated per scenario into user provided shapes. |
| 29 | +These shapes should follow the schema provided by the [geo-boundaries module](https://github.com/calliope-project/module_geo_boundaries/tree/v0.1.6). |
| 30 | + |
| 31 | +>[!WARNING] |
| 32 | +>Estimates from the CO2Stop dataset are biased by disclosure (or lack thereof), and the filtering settings used. |
| 33 | +>Some countries are affected more than others, with Germany being heavily affected by lack of disclosure. |
| 34 | +>We provide automated figures so users can evaluate how these aspects affect polygon selection. |
| 35 | +> |
| 36 | +>Below is an example for storage unit aquifers where only undisclosed and artificial polygons have been removed: |
| 37 | +> |
| 38 | +
|
| 39 | +## Configuration |
| 40 | + |
| 41 | +See [the configuration README](./../config/README.md). |
| 42 | + |
| 43 | +## Outputs |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | +See the [interface file](./../INTERFACE.yaml). |
| 46 | + |
| 47 | +## Data sources |
| 48 | + |
| 49 | +- Poulsen, N., Holloway, S., Neele, F., Smith, N.A., Kirk, K., 2012. CO2StoP Executive Summary (No. ENER/C1/154-2011-SI2.611598). GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF DENMARK AND GREENLAND. |
| 50 | + |
| 51 | +## References |
| 52 | + |
| 53 | +This module relies on code and methods from the following sources. |
| 54 | + |
| 55 | +- [Ruiz Manuel, I. clio - module_geo_boundaries [Computer software].](https://github.com/calliope-project/module_geo_boundaries/) |
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