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using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.JwtBearer;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.WebUtilities;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using ModelContextProtocol;
using ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore.Authentication;
using ModelContextProtocol.Authentication;
using ModelContextProtocol.Client;
using ModelContextProtocol.Protocol;
using ModelContextProtocol.Server;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http.Json;
using System.Security.Claims;
using System.Text.Json;
using Xunit.Sdk;
namespace ModelContextProtocol.AspNetCore.Tests.OAuth;
public class AuthTests : OAuthTestBase
{
private const string ClientMetadataDocumentUrl = $"{OAuthServerUrl}/client-metadata/cimd-client.json";
public AuthTests(ITestOutputHelper outputHelper)
: base(outputHelper)
{
}
[Fact]
public async Task CanAuthenticate()
{
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CannotAuthenticate_WithoutOAuthConfiguration()
{
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
var httpEx = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<HttpRequestException>(async () => await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized, httpEx.StatusCode);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CannotAuthenticate_WithUnregisteredClient()
{
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "unregistered-demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
// The EqualException is thrown by HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync when the /authorize request gets a 400
var equalEx = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<EqualException>(async () => await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
}
[Fact]
public async Task CanAuthenticate_WithDynamicClientRegistration()
{
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new ClientOAuthOptions()
{
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
DynamicClientRegistration = new()
{
ClientName = "Test MCP Client",
ClientUri = new Uri("https://example.com"),
},
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CanAuthenticate_WithClientMetadataDocument()
{
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new ClientOAuthOptions()
{
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
ClientMetadataDocumentUri = new Uri(ClientMetadataDocumentUrl)
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
}
[Fact]
public async Task UsesDynamicClientRegistration_WhenCimdNotSupported()
{
// Disable CIMD support on the test OAuth server so the client
// falls back to dynamic registration even if a CIMD URL is provided.
TestOAuthServer.ClientIdMetadataDocumentSupported = false;
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
// Provide an invalid CIMD URL; if CIMD were used, auth would fail.
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new ClientOAuthOptions()
{
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
ClientMetadataDocumentUri = new Uri("http://invalid-cimd.example.com"),
DynamicClientRegistration = new()
{
ClientName = "Test MCP Client (No CIMD)",
ClientUri = new Uri("https://example.com/no-cimd"),
},
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
// Should succeed via dynamic client registration.
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
}
[Fact]
public async Task DoesNotUseClientMetadataDocument_WhenClientIdIsSpecified()
{
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
// Provide an invalid CIMD URL; if CIMD were used, auth would fail.
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new ClientOAuthOptions()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
ClientMetadataDocumentUri = new Uri("http://invalid-cimd.example.com"),
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
}
[Theory]
[InlineData("http://localhost:7029/client-metadata/cimd-client.json")] // Non-HTTPS Scheme
[InlineData("http://localhost:7029")] // Missing path
public async Task CannotAuthenticate_WithInvalidClientMetadataDocument(string uri)
{
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new ClientOAuthOptions()
{
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
ClientMetadataDocumentUri = new Uri(uri),
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
var ex = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<McpException>(() => McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
Assert.StartsWith("Failed to handle unauthorized response", ex.Message);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CanAuthenticate_WithTokenRefresh()
{
var hasForcedRefresh = false;
Builder.Services.AddMcpServer(options =>
{
options.ToolCollection = new();
});
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync(configureMiddleware: app =>
{
// Add middleware to intercept list tools requests and force a token refresh on the first call
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
if (context.Request.Method == HttpMethods.Post && context.Request.Path == "/" && !hasForcedRefresh)
{
// Enable buffering so we can read the request body multiple times
context.Request.EnableBuffering();
// Read the request body to check if it's calling tools/list
var message = await JsonSerializer.DeserializeAsync(
context.Request.Body,
McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions.GetTypeInfo(typeof(JsonRpcMessage)),
context.RequestAborted) as JsonRpcMessage;
// Reset the request body position so MapMcp can read it
context.Request.Body.Position = 0;
// Check if this is a tools/list request
if (message is JsonRpcRequest request && request.Method == "tools/list")
{
hasForcedRefresh = true;
// Return 401 to force token refresh
await context.ChallengeAsync(JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
await context.Response.StartAsync(context.RequestAborted);
await context.Response.Body.FlushAsync(context.RequestAborted);
return; // Short-circuit, don't call next()
}
}
await next(context);
});
});
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
await client.ListToolsAsync(cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
Assert.True(TestOAuthServer.HasRefreshedToken);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CanAuthenticate_WithExtraParams()
{
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
Uri? lastAuthorizationUri = null;
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = (uri, redirect, ct) =>
{
lastAuthorizationUri = uri;
return HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync(uri, redirect, ct);
},
AdditionalAuthorizationParameters = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
["custom_param"] = "custom_value",
}
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
Assert.NotNull(lastAuthorizationUri?.Query);
Assert.Contains("custom_param=custom_value", lastAuthorizationUri?.Query);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CannotOverrideExistingParameters_WithExtraParams()
{
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
AdditionalAuthorizationParameters = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
["redirect_uri"] = "custom_value",
}
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await Assert.ThrowsAsync<ArgumentException>(() => McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
}
[Fact]
public async Task CanAuthenticate_WithoutResourceInWwwAuthenticateHeader()
{
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync(authScheme: JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CanAuthenticate_WithoutResourceInWwwAuthenticateHeader_WithPathSuffix()
{
const string serverPath = "/mcp";
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync(serverPath, authScheme: JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new Uri($"{McpServerUrl}{serverPath}"),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
}
[Fact]
public async Task AuthorizationFlow_UsesScopeFromProtectedResourceMetadata()
{
Builder.Services.Configure<McpAuthenticationOptions>(McpAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>
{
options.ResourceMetadata!.ScopesSupported = ["mcp:tools", "files:read"];
});
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
string? requestedScope = null;
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = (uri, redirect, ct) =>
{
var query = QueryHelpers.ParseQuery(uri.Query);
requestedScope = query["scope"].ToString();
return HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync(uri, redirect, ct);
},
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
Assert.Equal("mcp:tools files:read", requestedScope);
}
[Fact]
public async Task AuthorizationFlow_UsesScopeFromChallengeHeader()
{
var challengeScopes = "challenge:read challenge:write";
await using var app = Builder.Build();
app.Use(next =>
{
return async context =>
{
await next(context);
if (context.Response.StatusCode != 401)
{
return;
}
context.Response.Headers.WWWAuthenticate = $"Bearer resource_metadata=\"{McpServerUrl}/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource\", scope=\"{challengeScopes}\"";
};
});
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.MapMcp().RequireAuthorization();
await app.StartAsync(TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
string? requestedScope = null;
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = (uri, redirect, ct) =>
{
var query = QueryHelpers.ParseQuery(uri.Query);
requestedScope = query["scope"].ToString();
return HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync(uri, redirect, ct);
},
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
Assert.Equal(challengeScopes, requestedScope);
}
[Fact]
public async Task AuthorizationFlow_UsesScopeFromForbiddenHeader()
{
var adminScopes = "admin:read admin:write";
Builder.Services.AddMcpServer()
.WithTools([
McpServerTool.Create([McpServerTool(Name = "admin-tool")]
(ClaimsPrincipal user) =>
{
// Tool now just checks if user has the required scopes
// If they don't, it shouldn't get here due to middleware
Assert.True(user.HasClaim("scope", adminScopes), "User should have admin scopes when tool executes");
return "Admin tool executed.";
}),
]);
string? requestedScope = null;
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync(configureMiddleware: app =>
{
// Add middleware to intercept requests and check for admin-tool calls
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
if (context.Request.Method == HttpMethods.Post && context.Request.Path == "/")
{
// Enable buffering so we can read the request body multiple times
context.Request.EnableBuffering();
// Read the request body to check if it's calling admin-tool
var message = await JsonSerializer.DeserializeAsync(
context.Request.Body,
McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions.GetTypeInfo(typeof(JsonRpcMessage)),
context.RequestAborted) as JsonRpcMessage;
// Reset the request body position so MapMcp can read it
context.Request.Body.Position = 0;
// Check if this is a tools/call request for admin-tool
if (message is JsonRpcRequest request && request.Method == "tools/call")
{
var toolCallParams = JsonSerializer.Deserialize(
request.Params,
McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions.GetTypeInfo(typeof(CallToolRequestParams))) as CallToolRequestParams;
if (toolCallParams?.Name == "admin-tool")
{
// Check if user has required scopes
var user = context.User;
if (!user.HasClaim("scope", adminScopes))
{
// User lacks required scopes, return 403 before MapMcp processes the request
context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status403Forbidden;
context.Response.Headers.WWWAuthenticate = $"Bearer error=\"insufficient_scope\", resource_metadata=\"{McpServerUrl}/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource\", scope=\"{adminScopes}\"";
await context.Response.StartAsync(context.RequestAborted);
await context.Response.Body.FlushAsync(context.RequestAborted);
return; // Short-circuit, don't call next()
}
}
}
}
await next(context);
});
});
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = (uri, redirect, ct) =>
{
var query = QueryHelpers.ParseQuery(uri.Query);
requestedScope = query["scope"].ToString();
return HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync(uri, redirect, ct);
},
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
Assert.Equal("mcp:tools", requestedScope);
var adminResult = await client.CallToolAsync("admin-tool", cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
Assert.Equal("Admin tool executed.", adminResult.Content[0].ToString());
Assert.Equal(adminScopes, requestedScope);
}
[Fact]
public async Task AuthorizationFails_WhenResourceMetadataPortDiffers()
{
Builder.Services.Configure<McpAuthenticationOptions>(McpAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>
{
options.ResourceMetadata!.Resource = "http://localhost:5999";
});
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await Assert.ThrowsAsync<McpException>(() => McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
}
[Fact]
public async Task CannotAuthenticate_WhenProtectedResourceMetadataMissingResource()
{
TestOAuthServer.ExpectResource = false;
Builder.Services.Configure<McpAuthenticationOptions>(McpAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>
{
options.Events.OnResourceMetadataRequest = async context =>
{
context.HandleResponse();
var metadata = new ProtectedResourceMetadata
{
AuthorizationServers = { OAuthServerUrl },
ScopesSupported = ["mcp:tools"],
};
await Results.Json(metadata, McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions).ExecuteAsync(context.HttpContext);
};
});
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
var ex = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<McpException>(() => McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
Assert.Contains("Resource URI in metadata", ex.Message);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CanAuthenticate_WithAuthorizationServerPathInsertionMetadata()
{
Builder.Services.Configure<McpAuthenticationOptions>(McpAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>
{
options.ResourceMetadata!.AuthorizationServers = [$"{OAuthServerUrl}/tenant1"];
});
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
var requests = TestOAuthServer.MetadataRequests.ToArray();
Assert.Contains("/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server/tenant1", requests);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CanAuthenticate_WithAuthorizationServerPathFallbacks()
{
const string issuerPath = "/subdir/tenant2";
TestOAuthServer.DisabledMetadataPaths.Add($"/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server{issuerPath}");
TestOAuthServer.DisabledMetadataPaths.Add($"/.well-known/openid-configuration{issuerPath}");
Builder.Services.Configure<McpAuthenticationOptions>(McpAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>
{
options.ResourceMetadata!.AuthorizationServers = [$"{OAuthServerUrl}{issuerPath}"];
});
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
Assert.Equal(
[
$"/.well-known/oauth-authorization-server{issuerPath}",
$"/.well-known/openid-configuration{issuerPath}",
$"{issuerPath}/.well-known/openid-configuration",
"/.well-known/openid-configuration",
],
TestOAuthServer.MetadataRequests);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CanAuthenticate_WithResourceMetadataPathFallbacks()
{
const string resourcePath = "/mcp";
List<string> wellKnownRequests = [];
Builder.Services.Configure<AuthenticationOptions>(options => options.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
await using var app = Builder.Build();
var metadata = new ProtectedResourceMetadata
{
Resource = $"{McpServerUrl}{resourcePath}",
AuthorizationServers = { OAuthServerUrl },
};
app.Use(async (context, next) =>
{
if (context.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments("/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource", out var remaining))
{
wellKnownRequests.Add(context.Request.Path);
if (remaining.HasValue)
{
context.Response.StatusCode = StatusCodes.Status404NotFound;
return;
}
}
await next();
});
app.UseAuthentication();
app.UseAuthorization();
app.MapMcp(resourcePath).RequireAuthorization();
await app.StartAsync(TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
var endpoint = new Uri(new Uri(McpServerUrl), resourcePath);
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = endpoint,
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
Assert.Equal(
[
$"/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource{resourcePath}",
"/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource"
],
wellKnownRequests);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CannotAuthenticate_WhenResourceMetadataResourceIsNonRootParentPath()
{
const string configuredResourcePath = "/mcp";
const string requestedResourcePath = "/mcp/tools";
// Remove resource_metadata from the WWW-Authenticate header, because we should only fall back at all (even to root) when it's missing.
//
// If the protected resource metadata was retrieved from a URL returned by the protected resource via the WWW-Authenticate resource_metadata parameter,
// then the resource value returned MUST be identical to the URL that the client used to make the request to the resource server.
// If these values are not identical, the data contained in the response MUST NOT be used.
//
// https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9728/#section-3.3
//
// CannotAuthenticate_WhenWwwAuthenticateResourceMetadataIsRootPath validates we won't fall back to root in this case.
// CanAuthenticate_WithResourceMetadataPathFallbacks validates we will fall back to root when resource_metadata is missing.
Builder.Services.Configure<AuthenticationOptions>(options => options.DefaultChallengeScheme = JwtBearerDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
Builder.Services.Configure<McpAuthenticationOptions>(McpAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>
{
options.ResourceMetadata = new ProtectedResourceMetadata
{
Resource = $"{McpServerUrl}{configuredResourcePath}",
AuthorizationServers = { OAuthServerUrl },
};
});
await using var app = Builder.Build();
app.MapMcp(requestedResourcePath).RequireAuthorization();
await app.StartAsync(TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new Uri($"{McpServerUrl}{requestedResourcePath}"),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
var ex = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<McpException>(async () =>
{
await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
});
Assert.Contains("does not match", ex.Message);
}
[Fact]
public async Task CannotAuthenticate_WhenWwwAuthenticateResourceMetadataIsRootPath()
{
const string requestedResourcePath = "/mcp/tools";
Builder.Services.Configure<McpAuthenticationOptions>(McpAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>
{
options.ResourceMetadata = new ProtectedResourceMetadata
{
Resource = McpServerUrl,
AuthorizationServers = { OAuthServerUrl },
};
});
await using var app = Builder.Build();
app.MapMcp(requestedResourcePath).RequireAuthorization();
await app.StartAsync(TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new Uri($"{McpServerUrl}{requestedResourcePath}"),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
var ex = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<McpException>(async () =>
{
await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
});
Assert.Contains("does not match", ex.Message);
}
[Fact]
public async Task ResourceMetadata_DoesNotAddTrailingSlash()
{
// This test verifies that automatically derived resource URIs don't have trailing slashes
// and that the client doesn't add them during authentication
// Don't explicitly set Resource - let it be derived from the request
await using var app = await StartMcpServerAsync();
// First, manually check the PRM document doesn't contain a trailing slash
using var metadataResponse = await HttpClient.GetAsync(
"/.well-known/oauth-protected-resource",
TestContext.Current.CancellationToken
);
Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.OK, metadataResponse.StatusCode);
var metadata = await metadataResponse.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<ProtectedResourceMetadata>(
McpJsonUtilities.DefaultOptions,
TestContext.Current.CancellationToken
);
Assert.NotNull(metadata);
Assert.Equal("http://localhost:5000", metadata.Resource);
Assert.DoesNotMatch(@"/$", metadata.Resource); // No trailing slash
// Then authenticate with the client - this will use the derived resource URI
await using var transport = new HttpClientTransport(new()
{
Endpoint = new(McpServerUrl),
OAuth = new()
{
ClientId = "demo-client",
ClientSecret = "demo-secret",
RedirectUri = new Uri("http://localhost:1179/callback"),
AuthorizationRedirectDelegate = HandleAuthorizationUrlAsync,
},
}, HttpClient, LoggerFactory);
// This should succeed - the client should not add a trailing slash
// If the client incorrectly added a trailing slash, ValidResources would reject it
await using var client = await McpClient.CreateAsync(
transport, loggerFactory: LoggerFactory, cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken);
}
[Fact]
public void CloneResourceMetadataClonesAllProperties()
{
var propertyNames = typeof(ProtectedResourceMetadata).GetProperties().Select(property => property.Name).ToList();
// Set metadata properties to non-default values to verify they're copied.
var metadata = new ProtectedResourceMetadata
{
Resource = "https://example.com/resource",
AuthorizationServers = ["https://auth1.example.com", "https://auth2.example.com"],
BearerMethodsSupported = ["header", "body", "query"],
ScopesSupported = ["read", "write", "admin"],
JwksUri = "https://example.com/.well-known/jwks.json",
ResourceSigningAlgValuesSupported = ["RS256", "ES256"],
ResourceName = "Test Resource",
ResourceDocumentation = "https://docs.example.com",
ResourcePolicyUri = "https://example.com/policy",
ResourceTosUri = "https://example.com/terms",
TlsClientCertificateBoundAccessTokens = true,
AuthorizationDetailsTypesSupported = ["payment_initiation", "account_information"],
DpopSigningAlgValuesSupported = ["RS256", "PS256"],
DpopBoundAccessTokensRequired = true
};
var clonedMetadata = metadata.Clone();
// Ensure the cloned metadata is not the same instance
Assert.NotSame(metadata, clonedMetadata);
// Verify Resource property
Assert.Equal(metadata.Resource, clonedMetadata.Resource);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.Resource)));
// Verify AuthorizationServers list is cloned and contains the same values
Assert.NotSame(metadata.AuthorizationServers, clonedMetadata.AuthorizationServers);
Assert.Equal(metadata.AuthorizationServers, clonedMetadata.AuthorizationServers);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.AuthorizationServers)));
// Verify BearerMethodsSupported list is cloned and contains the same values
Assert.NotSame(metadata.BearerMethodsSupported, clonedMetadata.BearerMethodsSupported);
Assert.Equal(metadata.BearerMethodsSupported, clonedMetadata.BearerMethodsSupported);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.BearerMethodsSupported)));
// Verify ScopesSupported list is cloned and contains the same values
Assert.NotSame(metadata.ScopesSupported, clonedMetadata.ScopesSupported);
Assert.Equal(metadata.ScopesSupported, clonedMetadata.ScopesSupported);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.ScopesSupported)));
// Verify JwksUri property
Assert.Equal(metadata.JwksUri, clonedMetadata.JwksUri);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.JwksUri)));
// Verify ResourceSigningAlgValuesSupported list is cloned (nullable list)
Assert.NotSame(metadata.ResourceSigningAlgValuesSupported, clonedMetadata.ResourceSigningAlgValuesSupported);
Assert.Equal(metadata.ResourceSigningAlgValuesSupported, clonedMetadata.ResourceSigningAlgValuesSupported);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.ResourceSigningAlgValuesSupported)));
// Verify ResourceName property
Assert.Equal(metadata.ResourceName, clonedMetadata.ResourceName);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.ResourceName)));
// Verify ResourceDocumentation property
Assert.Equal(metadata.ResourceDocumentation, clonedMetadata.ResourceDocumentation);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.ResourceDocumentation)));
// Verify ResourcePolicyUri property
Assert.Equal(metadata.ResourcePolicyUri, clonedMetadata.ResourcePolicyUri);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.ResourcePolicyUri)));
// Verify ResourceTosUri property
Assert.Equal(metadata.ResourceTosUri, clonedMetadata.ResourceTosUri);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.ResourceTosUri)));
// Verify TlsClientCertificateBoundAccessTokens property
Assert.Equal(metadata.TlsClientCertificateBoundAccessTokens, clonedMetadata.TlsClientCertificateBoundAccessTokens);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.TlsClientCertificateBoundAccessTokens)));
// Verify AuthorizationDetailsTypesSupported list is cloned (nullable list)
Assert.NotSame(metadata.AuthorizationDetailsTypesSupported, clonedMetadata.AuthorizationDetailsTypesSupported);
Assert.Equal(metadata.AuthorizationDetailsTypesSupported, clonedMetadata.AuthorizationDetailsTypesSupported);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.AuthorizationDetailsTypesSupported)));
// Verify DpopSigningAlgValuesSupported list is cloned (nullable list)
Assert.NotSame(metadata.DpopSigningAlgValuesSupported, clonedMetadata.DpopSigningAlgValuesSupported);
Assert.Equal(metadata.DpopSigningAlgValuesSupported, clonedMetadata.DpopSigningAlgValuesSupported);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.DpopSigningAlgValuesSupported)));
// Verify DpopBoundAccessTokensRequired property
Assert.Equal(metadata.DpopBoundAccessTokensRequired, clonedMetadata.DpopBoundAccessTokensRequired);
Assert.True(propertyNames.Remove(nameof(metadata.DpopBoundAccessTokensRequired)));
// Ensure we've checked every property. When new properties get added, we'll have to update this test along with the Clone implementation.
Assert.Empty(propertyNames);
}
[Fact]
public async Task ResourceMetadata_PreservesExplicitTrailingSlash()
{
// This test verifies that explicitly configured trailing slashes are preserved
const string resourceWithTrailingSlash = "http://localhost:5000/";
// Configure ValidResources to accept the trailing slash version for this test
TestOAuthServer.ValidResources = [resourceWithTrailingSlash, "http://localhost:5000/mcp"];
Builder.Services.Configure<McpAuthenticationOptions>(McpAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, options =>