RUBY-3733 update rubocop

[jamis]

The version of Rubocop we've been using emits a large number of deprecation warnings because of the parser it uses. This PR bumps to the most recent version of Rubocop and updates the .rubocop.yml to ensure that any new cops are ignored (for now).

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates RuboCop to a newer version to eliminate parser deprecation warnings, and adjusts code/config to satisfy updated lint rules across specs and support helpers.

Changes:

• Bump RuboCop + related extension gems to newer versions.
• Update .rubocop.yml (plugin loading, Ruby target version, and disabling newly-triggered cops).
• Apply small style-driven refactors in specs/support code (e.g., filter_map, warn, class definition style) and add a new retryable writes integration spec.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
gemfiles/standard.rb	Updates RuboCop and related lint gem versions.
.rubocop.yml	Switches to plugins: syntax, targets Ruby 2.7, and disables additional cops.
spec/support/utils.rb	Refactors option conversion to filter_map, adjusts rubocop directives, and routes diagnostic output to warn.
spec/support/tracing.rb	Adjusts error class definition style.
spec/mongo/server/connection_pool/generation_manager_spec.rb	Simplifies hash iteration in a spec.
spec/mongo/client_construction_spec.rb	Removes debug/diagnostic output from specs.
spec/integration/retryable_writes/retryable_writes_spec.rb	Adds integration coverage for retryable writes behavior using shared examples.

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