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#!/usr/bin/env python3
import asyncio
from concurrent import futures
import argparse
import gc
import json
import signal
import sys
import os
import types
from typing import List
import backend_pb2
import backend_pb2_grpc
import grpc
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', 'common'))
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'common'))
from grpc_auth import get_auth_interceptors
from python_utils import messages_to_dicts, parse_options
from mlx_utils import parse_tool_calls, split_reasoning
from mlx_lm import load, stream_generate
from mlx_lm.sample_utils import make_logits_processors, make_sampler
from mlx_lm.models.cache import make_prompt_cache, can_trim_prompt_cache, trim_prompt_cache
import mlx.core as mx
from mlx_cache import ThreadSafeLRUPromptCache
_ONE_DAY_IN_SECONDS = 60 * 60 * 24
# If MAX_WORKERS are specified in the environment use it, otherwise default to 1
MAX_WORKERS = int(os.environ.get('PYTHON_GRPC_MAX_WORKERS', '1'))
# Implement the BackendServicer class with the service methods
class BackendServicer(backend_pb2_grpc.BackendServicer):
"""
A gRPC servicer that implements the Backend service defined in backend.proto.
"""
def Health(self, request, context):
"""
Returns a health check message.
Args:
request: The health check request.
context: The gRPC context.
Returns:
backend_pb2.Reply: The health check reply.
"""
return backend_pb2.Reply(message=bytes("OK", 'utf-8'))
async def LoadModel(self, request, context):
"""
Loads a language model using MLX.
Args:
request: The load model request.
context: The gRPC context.
Returns:
backend_pb2.Result: The load model result.
"""
try:
print(f"Loading MLX model: {request.Model}", file=sys.stderr)
print(f"Request: {request}", file=sys.stderr)
# Parse Options[] key:value strings into a typed dict (shared helper)
self.options = parse_options(request.Options)
print(f"Options: {self.options}", file=sys.stderr)
# Build tokenizer config for MLX using options
tokenizer_config = {}
# Handle trust_remote_code from request or options
if request.TrustRemoteCode or self.options.get("trust_remote_code", False):
tokenizer_config["trust_remote_code"] = True
# Handle EOS token from options
if "eos_token" in self.options:
tokenizer_config["eos_token"] = self.options["eos_token"]
# Handle other tokenizer config options
for key in ["pad_token", "bos_token", "unk_token", "sep_token", "cls_token", "mask_token"]:
if key in self.options:
tokenizer_config[key] = self.options[key]
# Load model and tokenizer using MLX
if tokenizer_config:
print(f"Loading with tokenizer_config: {tokenizer_config}", file=sys.stderr)
self.model, self.tokenizer = load(request.Model, tokenizer_config=tokenizer_config)
else:
self.model, self.tokenizer = load(request.Model)
# mlx_lm.load() returns a TokenizerWrapper that detects tool
# calling and thinking markers from the chat template / vocab.
# mlx-lm >= 0.30 also exposes a parser callable on the wrapper;
# earlier versions don't (we fall back to json.loads inside
# _tool_module_from_tokenizer below).
has_tools = bool(getattr(self.tokenizer, "has_tool_calling", False))
has_thinking = bool(getattr(self.tokenizer, "has_thinking", False))
tcs = getattr(self.tokenizer, "tool_call_start", None)
tce = getattr(self.tokenizer, "tool_call_end", None)
print(
f"MLX tokenizer capabilities: has_tool_calling={has_tools} "
f"has_thinking={has_thinking} tool_call_start={tcs!r} tool_call_end={tce!r}",
file=sys.stderr,
)
# Initialize thread-safe LRU prompt cache for efficient generation
max_cache_entries = self.options.get("max_cache_entries", 10)
self.max_kv_size = self.options.get("max_kv_size", None)
self.model_key = request.Model
self.lru_cache = ThreadSafeLRUPromptCache(
max_size=max_cache_entries,
can_trim_fn=can_trim_prompt_cache,
trim_fn=trim_prompt_cache,
)
except Exception as err:
print(f"Error loading MLX model {err=}, {type(err)=}", file=sys.stderr)
return backend_pb2.Result(success=False, message=f"Error loading MLX model: {err}")
print("MLX model loaded successfully", file=sys.stderr)
return backend_pb2.Result(message="MLX model loaded successfully", success=True)
async def Predict(self, request, context):
"""
Generates text based on the given prompt and sampling parameters using MLX.
Uses thread-safe LRU prompt cache for efficient prefix reuse across requests.
Args:
request: The predict request.
context: The gRPC context.
Returns:
backend_pb2.Reply: The predict result.
"""
prompt_cache = None
cache_key = None
try:
# Prepare the prompt and tokenize for cache key
prompt_text = self._prepare_prompt(request)
cache_key = self._get_tokens_from_prompt(prompt_text)
# Fetch nearest cache (exact, shorter prefix, or create new)
prompt_cache, remaining_tokens = self.lru_cache.fetch_nearest_cache(
self.model_key, cache_key
)
if prompt_cache is None:
prompt_cache = make_prompt_cache(self.model, self.max_kv_size)
remaining_tokens = cache_key
# Build generation parameters using request attributes and options
max_tokens, sampler_params, logits_params, stop_words = self._build_generation_params(request)
print(
f"Generating text with MLX - max_tokens: {max_tokens}, "
f"cache_hit: {len(remaining_tokens) < len(cache_key)}",
file=sys.stderr,
)
# Create sampler and optional logits processors (penalties)
sampler = make_sampler(**sampler_params)
logits_processors = make_logits_processors(**logits_params) if logits_params else None
# Use stream_generate to collect text + track tokens for cache key
generated_text = []
last_response = None
for response in stream_generate(
self.model,
self.tokenizer,
prompt=remaining_tokens if remaining_tokens else cache_key,
max_tokens=max_tokens,
sampler=sampler,
logits_processors=logits_processors,
prompt_cache=prompt_cache,
):
generated_text.append(response.text)
cache_key.append(response.token)
last_response = response
# Early stop on user-provided stop sequences
if stop_words and any(s in "".join(generated_text) for s in stop_words):
break
# Insert completed cache
self.lru_cache.insert_cache(self.model_key, cache_key, prompt_cache)
full_text = self._truncate_at_stop("".join(generated_text), stop_words)
content, reasoning_content, tool_calls_proto, prompt_tokens, completion_tokens, logprobs_bytes = (
self._finalize_output(request, full_text, last_response)
)
return backend_pb2.Reply(
message=bytes(content, encoding='utf-8'),
prompt_tokens=prompt_tokens,
tokens=completion_tokens,
logprobs=logprobs_bytes,
chat_deltas=[
backend_pb2.ChatDelta(
content=content,
reasoning_content=reasoning_content,
tool_calls=tool_calls_proto,
)
],
)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error in MLX Predict: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
context.set_code(grpc.StatusCode.INTERNAL)
context.set_details(f"Generation failed: {str(e)}")
return backend_pb2.Reply(message=bytes("", encoding='utf-8'))
def Embedding(self, request, context):
"""
A gRPC method that calculates embeddings for a given sentence.
Note: MLX-LM doesn't support embeddings directly. This method returns an error.
Args:
request: An EmbeddingRequest object that contains the request parameters.
context: A grpc.ServicerContext object that provides information about the RPC.
Returns:
An EmbeddingResult object that contains the calculated embeddings.
"""
print("Embeddings not supported in MLX backend", file=sys.stderr)
context.set_code(grpc.StatusCode.UNIMPLEMENTED)
context.set_details("Embeddings are not supported in the MLX backend.")
return backend_pb2.EmbeddingResult()
async def TokenizeString(self, request, context):
"""Tokenize ``request.Prompt`` using the loaded model's tokenizer."""
if not hasattr(self, "tokenizer") or self.tokenizer is None:
context.set_code(grpc.StatusCode.FAILED_PRECONDITION)
context.set_details("tokenizer not loaded")
return backend_pb2.TokenizationResponse()
try:
tokens = self.tokenizer.encode(request.Prompt)
if hasattr(tokens, "tolist"):
tokens = tokens.tolist()
tokens = list(tokens)
return backend_pb2.TokenizationResponse(length=len(tokens), tokens=tokens)
except Exception as e:
context.set_code(grpc.StatusCode.INTERNAL)
context.set_details(str(e))
return backend_pb2.TokenizationResponse()
async def Free(self, request, context):
"""Drop the loaded model, tokenizer and prompt cache.
Metal / CUDA memory is released via ``gc.collect()`` + the
platform-specific cache clear hooks when available.
"""
try:
if hasattr(self, "model"):
del self.model
if hasattr(self, "tokenizer"):
del self.tokenizer
if hasattr(self, "lru_cache") and self.lru_cache is not None:
try:
self.lru_cache.clear()
except Exception:
pass
self.lru_cache = None
gc.collect()
# Metal: drop the cached allocator. mlx.clear_cache (mlx >= 0.30)
# supersedes the now-deprecated mlx.metal.clear_cache.
try:
if hasattr(mx, "clear_cache"):
mx.clear_cache()
elif hasattr(mx, "metal") and hasattr(mx.metal, "clear_cache"):
mx.metal.clear_cache()
except Exception:
pass
# CUDA: release the torch cache if a CUDA-backed mlx variant
# happens to be installed alongside torch (best-effort).
try:
import torch # type: ignore
if torch.cuda.is_available():
torch.cuda.empty_cache()
except Exception:
pass
return backend_pb2.Result(success=True, message="MLX model freed")
except Exception as e:
return backend_pb2.Result(success=False, message=str(e))
async def PredictStream(self, request, context):
"""
Generates text based on the given prompt and sampling parameters, and streams the results using MLX.
Uses thread-safe LRU prompt cache for efficient prefix reuse across requests.
Args:
request: The predict stream request.
context: The gRPC context.
Yields:
backend_pb2.Reply: Streaming predict results.
"""
prompt_cache = None
cache_key = None
try:
# Prepare the prompt and tokenize for cache key
prompt_text = self._prepare_prompt(request)
cache_key = self._get_tokens_from_prompt(prompt_text)
# Fetch nearest cache (exact, shorter prefix, or create new)
prompt_cache, remaining_tokens = self.lru_cache.fetch_nearest_cache(
self.model_key, cache_key
)
if prompt_cache is None:
prompt_cache = make_prompt_cache(self.model, self.max_kv_size)
remaining_tokens = cache_key
# Build generation parameters using request attributes and options
max_tokens, sampler_params, logits_params, stop_words = self._build_generation_params(
request, default_max_tokens=512
)
print(
f"Streaming text with MLX - max_tokens: {max_tokens}, "
f"cache_hit: {len(remaining_tokens) < len(cache_key)}",
file=sys.stderr,
)
# Create sampler and optional logits processors (penalties)
sampler = make_sampler(**sampler_params)
logits_processors = make_logits_processors(**logits_params) if logits_params else None
accumulated = []
last_response = None
for response in stream_generate(
self.model,
self.tokenizer,
prompt=remaining_tokens if remaining_tokens else cache_key,
max_tokens=max_tokens,
sampler=sampler,
logits_processors=logits_processors,
prompt_cache=prompt_cache,
):
cache_key.append(response.token)
accumulated.append(response.text)
last_response = response
# Emit a content delta. Structured reasoning / tool parsing
# happens on the final chunk so we don't fragment the state
# machine in v1.
yield backend_pb2.Reply(
message=bytes(response.text, encoding='utf-8'),
chat_deltas=[backend_pb2.ChatDelta(content=response.text)],
)
# Early stop on user-provided stop sequences
if stop_words and any(s in "".join(accumulated) for s in stop_words):
break
# Final chunk: run reasoning + tool parsing on accumulated text
# and emit the structured ChatDelta with token counts + logprobs.
full_text = self._truncate_at_stop("".join(accumulated), stop_words)
content, reasoning_content, tool_calls_proto, prompt_tokens, completion_tokens, logprobs_bytes = (
self._finalize_output(request, full_text, last_response)
)
yield backend_pb2.Reply(
message=b"",
prompt_tokens=prompt_tokens,
tokens=completion_tokens,
logprobs=logprobs_bytes,
chat_deltas=[
backend_pb2.ChatDelta(
content="",
reasoning_content=reasoning_content,
tool_calls=tool_calls_proto,
)
],
)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error in MLX PredictStream: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
context.set_code(grpc.StatusCode.INTERNAL)
context.set_details(f"Streaming generation failed: {str(e)}")
yield backend_pb2.Reply(message=bytes("", encoding='utf-8'))
finally:
# Always insert cache, even on interruption
if prompt_cache is not None and cache_key is not None:
try:
self.lru_cache.insert_cache(self.model_key, cache_key, prompt_cache)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error inserting cache: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
def _prepare_prompt(self, request):
"""
Prepare the prompt for MLX generation, handling chat templates if needed.
Args:
request: The gRPC request containing prompt and message information.
Returns:
str: The prepared prompt.
"""
# If tokenizer template is enabled and messages are provided instead
# of prompt, apply the tokenizer template (forwards tool definitions
# and enable_thinking when the model supports them).
if not request.Prompt and request.UseTokenizerTemplate and request.Messages:
messages = messages_to_dicts(request.Messages)
# The mlx-lm tokenizer only carries a text-LM chat template. A
# vision-language checkpoint (e.g. gemma-4 E4B) loaded here has no
# usable template, so apply_chat_template silently passes the raw
# text through and the model just echoes/loops (issue #10269).
# Warn loudly so the misroute is visible; such models belong on the
# mlx-vlm backend.
chat_template = getattr(self.tokenizer, "chat_template", None)
if not chat_template:
underlying = getattr(self.tokenizer, "_tokenizer", None)
chat_template = getattr(underlying, "chat_template", None)
if not chat_template:
print(
"WARNING: this model has no chat template; output may be "
"degenerate. Vision-language models (e.g. gemma-4 E4B) must "
"use the 'mlx-vlm' backend instead of 'mlx'.",
file=sys.stderr,
)
kwargs = {"tokenize": False, "add_generation_prompt": True}
if request.Tools:
try:
kwargs["tools"] = json.loads(request.Tools)
except json.JSONDecodeError:
pass
enable_thinking = request.Metadata.get("enable_thinking", "").lower()
if enable_thinking == "true":
kwargs["enable_thinking"] = True
try:
return self.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, **kwargs)
except TypeError:
# Fallback for tokenizers whose template doesn't accept
# tools= or enable_thinking=.
return self.tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
messages,
tokenize=False,
add_generation_prompt=True,
)
return request.Prompt
def _get_tokens_from_prompt(self, prompt_text: str) -> List[int]:
"""
Tokenize prompt text for cache key generation.
Args:
prompt_text: The prompt string to tokenize.
Returns:
List[int]: List of token IDs.
"""
tokens = self.tokenizer.encode(prompt_text)
if hasattr(tokens, 'tolist'):
return tokens.tolist()
return list(tokens)
def _build_generation_params(self, request, default_max_tokens=200):
"""
Build generation parameters from request attributes and options.
Args:
request: The gRPC request.
default_max_tokens: Default max_tokens if not specified.
Returns:
tuple: (max_tokens, sampler_params dict, logits_processor_params dict,
stop_words list)
"""
# Extract max_tokens
max_tokens = getattr(request, 'Tokens', default_max_tokens)
if max_tokens == 0:
max_tokens = default_max_tokens
# Extract sampler parameters from request attributes
temp = getattr(request, 'Temperature', 0.0)
if temp == 0.0:
temp = 0.6 # Default temperature
top_p = getattr(request, 'TopP', 0.0)
if top_p == 0.0:
top_p = 1.0 # Default top_p
min_p = getattr(request, 'MinP', 0.0)
# min_p default of 0.0 means disabled (no filtering)
top_k = getattr(request, 'TopK', 0)
# top_k default of 0 means disabled (no filtering)
# Initialize sampler parameters
sampler_params = {
'temp': temp,
'top_p': top_p,
'min_p': min_p,
'top_k': top_k,
'xtc_threshold': 0.0,
'xtc_probability': 0.0,
}
# Logits processor parameters — only set fields the request actually
# provides so we can feed them unconditionally to make_logits_processors.
logits_params = {}
repetition_penalty = getattr(request, 'RepetitionPenalty', 0.0) or 0.0
if repetition_penalty and repetition_penalty != 1.0:
logits_params['repetition_penalty'] = repetition_penalty
presence_penalty = getattr(request, 'PresencePenalty', 0.0) or 0.0
if presence_penalty:
logits_params['presence_penalty'] = presence_penalty
frequency_penalty = getattr(request, 'FrequencyPenalty', 0.0) or 0.0
if frequency_penalty:
logits_params['frequency_penalty'] = frequency_penalty
# Add seed if specified
seed = getattr(request, 'Seed', 0)
if seed != 0:
mx.random.seed(seed)
# Override with options if available
if hasattr(self, 'options'):
# Max tokens from options
if 'max_tokens' in self.options:
max_tokens = self.options['max_tokens']
# Sampler parameters from options
sampler_option_mapping = {
'temp': 'temp',
'temperature': 'temp', # alias
'top_p': 'top_p',
'min_p': 'min_p',
'top_k': 'top_k',
'xtc_threshold': 'xtc_threshold',
'xtc_probability': 'xtc_probability',
}
for option_key, param_key in sampler_option_mapping.items():
if option_key in self.options:
sampler_params[param_key] = self.options[option_key]
# Logits processor overrides
for option_key in ('repetition_penalty', 'presence_penalty', 'frequency_penalty'):
if option_key in self.options:
logits_params[option_key] = self.options[option_key]
# Handle seed from options
if 'seed' in self.options:
mx.random.seed(self.options['seed'])
# Special tokens for XTC sampling (if tokenizer has eos_token_ids)
xtc_special_tokens = []
if hasattr(self.tokenizer, 'eos_token_ids') and self.tokenizer.eos_token_ids:
xtc_special_tokens = list(self.tokenizer.eos_token_ids)
elif hasattr(self.tokenizer, 'eos_token_id') and self.tokenizer.eos_token_id is not None:
xtc_special_tokens = [self.tokenizer.eos_token_id]
# Add newline token if available
try:
newline_tokens = self.tokenizer.encode("\n")
xtc_special_tokens.extend(newline_tokens)
except Exception:
pass # Skip if encoding fails
sampler_params['xtc_special_tokens'] = xtc_special_tokens
# Stop sequences are applied post-decode (mlx-lm doesn't have a
# built-in stop-sequence sampler param). Preserve the list here.
stop_words = list(getattr(request, 'StopPrompts', []) or [])
return max_tokens, sampler_params, logits_params, stop_words
def _tool_module_from_tokenizer(self):
"""Build a duck-typed tool module from the TokenizerWrapper.
On mlx-lm >= 0.30 the wrapper exposes a ``tool_parser`` callable
that's been resolved from the model's chat template. On older
releases (e.g. 0.29.x) the wrapper only carries the start/end
markers — fall back to ``json.loads`` of the body, which matches
what ``mlx_lm.tool_parsers.json_tools.parse_tool_call`` does on
HEAD and covers the only format 0.29 detects (``<tool_call>``).
"""
start = getattr(self.tokenizer, "tool_call_start", None)
end = getattr(self.tokenizer, "tool_call_end", None)
if not start:
return None
parse_fn = getattr(self.tokenizer, "tool_parser", None)
if parse_fn is None:
def parse_fn(body, tools): # noqa: E306 — local fallback
return json.loads(body.strip())
return types.SimpleNamespace(
tool_call_start=start,
tool_call_end=end or "",
parse_tool_call=parse_fn,
)
def _finalize_output(self, request, generated_text, last_response):
"""Build a ChatDelta + token counts + logprobs from accumulated output.
Returns ``(content, reasoning_content, tool_calls_proto,
prompt_token_count, completion_token_count, logprobs_bytes)``.
"""
content = generated_text
reasoning_content = ""
if getattr(self.tokenizer, "has_thinking", False):
think_start = getattr(self.tokenizer, "think_start", "") or ""
think_end = getattr(self.tokenizer, "think_end", "") or ""
reasoning_content, content = split_reasoning(content, think_start, think_end)
tool_calls_proto: List[backend_pb2.ToolCallDelta] = []
tool_module = None
if getattr(self.tokenizer, "has_tool_calling", False):
tool_module = self._tool_module_from_tokenizer()
if tool_module is not None:
parsed_tools = None
if request.Tools:
try:
parsed_tools = json.loads(request.Tools)
except json.JSONDecodeError:
parsed_tools = None
calls, content = parse_tool_calls(content, tool_module, parsed_tools)
for c in calls:
tool_calls_proto.append(
backend_pb2.ToolCallDelta(
index=c["index"],
id=c["id"],
name=c["name"],
arguments=c["arguments"],
)
)
prompt_token_count = int(getattr(last_response, "prompt_tokens", 0) or 0) if last_response else 0
completion_token_count = int(getattr(last_response, "generation_tokens", 0) or 0) if last_response else 0
logprobs_bytes = b""
# Logprobs extraction — only when the request asked for them.
if last_response is not None and int(getattr(request, "Logprobs", 0) or 0) > 0:
try:
lp = getattr(last_response, "logprobs", None)
if lp is not None:
# GenerationResponse.logprobs on the last chunk is the
# logprob distribution of the final token. Without a
# per-token history we at minimum surface the last token's
# top-1 logprob so clients get a non-empty field.
token_id = int(getattr(last_response, "token", 0) or 0)
token_text = self.tokenizer.decode([token_id]) if token_id else ""
top_logprob = float(lp[token_id]) if hasattr(lp, "__getitem__") else 0.0
logprobs_bytes = json.dumps(
{
"content": [
{"token": token_text, "logprob": top_logprob}
]
}
).encode("utf-8")
except Exception as e:
print(f"[mlx] Logprobs extraction failed: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
return content, reasoning_content, tool_calls_proto, prompt_token_count, completion_token_count, logprobs_bytes
def _truncate_at_stop(self, text, stop_words):
"""Truncate ``text`` at the first occurrence of any stop sequence."""
if not stop_words:
return text
earliest = len(text)
for stop in stop_words:
if not stop:
continue
idx = text.find(stop)
if idx >= 0 and idx < earliest:
earliest = idx
return text[:earliest] if earliest < len(text) else text
async def serve(address):
# Start asyncio gRPC server
server = grpc.aio.server(migration_thread_pool=futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=MAX_WORKERS),
options=[
('grpc.max_message_length', 50 * 1024 * 1024), # 50MB
('grpc.max_send_message_length', 50 * 1024 * 1024), # 50MB
('grpc.max_receive_message_length', 50 * 1024 * 1024), # 50MB
],
interceptors=get_auth_interceptors(aio=True),
)
# Add the servicer to the server
backend_pb2_grpc.add_BackendServicer_to_server(BackendServicer(), server)
# Bind the server to the address
server.add_insecure_port(address)
# Gracefully shutdown the server on SIGTERM or SIGINT
loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
for sig in (signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGTERM):
loop.add_signal_handler(
sig, lambda: asyncio.ensure_future(server.stop(5))
)
# Start the server
await server.start()
print("Server started. Listening on: " + address, file=sys.stderr)
# Wait for the server to be terminated
await server.wait_for_termination()
if __name__ == "__main__":
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Run the gRPC server.")
parser.add_argument(
"--addr", default="localhost:50051", help="The address to bind the server to."
)
args = parser.parse_args()
asyncio.run(serve(args.addr))