src: migrate deprecated c-ares APIs to modern replacements

Replace all deprecated c-ares function calls in cares_wrap.cc with
their modern equivalents, resolving 26 compiler deprecation warnings.

DNS record parsing (ares_dns_parse + record iteration):
- ares_parse_a_reply -> ares_dns_parse + ARES_RR_A_ADDR
- ares_parse_aaaa_reply -> ares_dns_parse + ARES_RR_AAAA_ADDR
- ares_parse_ns_reply -> ares_dns_parse + ARES_RR_NS_NSDNAME
- ares_parse_ptr_reply -> ares_dns_parse + ARES_RR_PTR_DNAME
- ares_parse_mx_reply -> ares_dns_parse + ARES_RR_MX_*
- ares_parse_caa_reply -> ares_dns_parse + ARES_RR_CAA_*
- ares_parse_txt_reply_ext -> ares_dns_parse + ares_dns_rr_get_abin
- ares_parse_srv_reply -> ares_dns_parse + ARES_RR_SRV_*
- ares_parse_naptr_reply -> ares_dns_parse + ARES_RR_NAPTR_*
- ares_parse_soa_reply -> ares_dns_parse + ARES_RR_SOA_*

Server management (CSV-based APIs):
- ares_get_servers_ports -> ares_get_servers_csv
- ares_set_servers -> ares_set_servers_csv
- ares_set_servers_ports -> ares_set_servers_ports_csv

The new ares_dns_parse API parses DNS wire format into an
ares_dns_record_t structure which is then iterated using typed
getter functions (ares_dns_rr_get_addr, ares_dns_rr_get_str,
ares_dns_rr_get_u16, etc.). This follows the same pattern already
used by ParseTlsaReply in this file.

Fixes: #52464

Author: om-ghante