diff --git a/doc/api/os.md b/doc/api/os.md
index 9f2aa0390cc56a..cdac68de0f775f 100644
--- a/doc/api/os.md
+++ b/doc/api/os.md
@@ -508,6 +508,32 @@ On POSIX systems, the operating system release is determined by calling
 available, `GetVersionExW()` will be used. See
 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples> for more information.
 
+## `os.guessFileDescriptorType(fd)`
+
+<!-- YAML
+added: REPLACEME
+-->
+
+* `fd` {integer} The file descriptor number to try and guess the type of.
+
+* Returns: {string|null}
+
+Returns the type of the file descriptor passed in, or `null` if the provided file descriptor
+is invalid.
+A common use case for this function is checking whether standard input is passed into your process,
+and if it is, if it can be consumed by the process. For example, on Unix systems, if the type is `TTY`, it means
+you can prompt the user for new data while the process is running, and if it's `FILE` or `PIPE`, it means there is data
+available, but you shouldn't try to prompt for more.
+
+Currently, the following types for a file descriptor can be returned:
+
+* `'TCP'`
+* `'TTY'`
+* `'UDP'`
+* `'FILE'`
+* `'PIPE'`
+* `'UNKNOWN'`
+
 ## OS constants
 
 The following constants are exported by `os.constants`.
diff --git a/lib/internal/util.js b/lib/internal/util.js
index 28bb83e558c426..2bada838184488 100644
--- a/lib/internal/util.js
+++ b/lib/internal/util.js
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ const {
 
 const {
   codes: {
+    ERR_INVALID_FD,
     ERR_NO_CRYPTO,
     ERR_NO_TYPESCRIPT,
     ERR_UNKNOWN_SIGNAL,
@@ -898,9 +899,14 @@ function getCIDR(address, netmask, family) {
 }
 
 const handleTypes = ['TCP', 'TTY', 'UDP', 'FILE', 'PIPE', 'UNKNOWN'];
+
 function guessHandleType(fd) {
+  if (typeof fd !== 'number' || fd >> 0 !== fd || fd < 0) {
+    throw new ERR_INVALID_FD(fd);
+  }
+
   const type = _guessHandleType(fd);
-  return handleTypes[type];
+  return handleTypes[type] || type;
 }
 
 class WeakReference {
diff --git a/lib/os.js b/lib/os.js
index 5e53879bd6d5aa..34b228c4edb12a 100644
--- a/lib/os.js
+++ b/lib/os.js
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ const {
   },
   hideStackFrames,
 } = require('internal/errors');
-const { getCIDR } = require('internal/util');
+const { getCIDR, guessHandleType: guessFileDescriptorType } = require('internal/util');
 const { validateInt32 } = require('internal/validators');
 
 const {
@@ -329,6 +329,7 @@ module.exports = {
   uptime: getUptime,
   version: getOSVersion,
   machine: getMachine,
+  guessFileDescriptorType,
 };
 
 ObjectFreeze(constants.signals);
diff --git a/src/node_util.cc b/src/node_util.cc
index fbfda9c1551e07..acd57d96e9826c 100644
--- a/src/node_util.cc
+++ b/src/node_util.cc
@@ -215,7 +215,10 @@ static uint32_t GetUVHandleTypeCode(const uv_handle_type type) {
     case UV_UNKNOWN_HANDLE:
       return 5;
     default:
-      ABORT();
+      // For an unhandled handle type, we want to return `UNKNOWN` instead of
+      // `null` since the type is "known" by UV, just not exposed further to
+      // JS land
+      return 5;
   }
 }
 
@@ -224,7 +227,12 @@ static void GuessHandleType(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   Local<Context> context = isolate->GetCurrentContext();
   int fd;
   if (!args[0]->Int32Value(context).To(&fd)) return;
-  CHECK_GE(fd, 0);
+
+  // If the provided file descriptor is not valid, we return null
+  if (fd < 0) [[unlikely]] {
+    args.GetReturnValue().Set(v8::Null(isolate));
+    return;
+  }
 
   uv_handle_type t = uv_guess_handle(fd);
   args.GetReturnValue().Set(GetUVHandleTypeCode(t));
diff --git a/test/pseudo-tty/test-os-guessFileDescriptorType.js b/test/pseudo-tty/test-os-guessFileDescriptorType.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..0efb4780aa9934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/pseudo-tty/test-os-guessFileDescriptorType.js
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+'use strict';
+
+require('../common');
+const assert = require('node:assert');
+const { guessFileDescriptorType } = require('os');
+
+assert.strictEqual(guessFileDescriptorType(0), 'TTY');
+assert.strictEqual(guessFileDescriptorType(1), 'TTY');
+assert.strictEqual(guessFileDescriptorType(2), 'TTY');
+
+assert.strictEqual(guessFileDescriptorType(55555), 'UNKNOWN');
+assert.strictEqual(guessFileDescriptorType(2 ** 31 - 1), 'UNKNOWN');
+
+[
+  -1,
+  1.1,
+  '1',
+  [],
+  {},
+  () => {},
+  2 ** 31,
+  true,
+  false,
+  1n,
+  Symbol(),
+  undefined,
+  null,
+].forEach((val) => assert.throws(() => guessFileDescriptorType(val), { code: 'ERR_INVALID_FD' }));
diff --git a/test/pseudo-tty/test-os-guessFileDescriptorType.out b/test/pseudo-tty/test-os-guessFileDescriptorType.out
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..e69de29bb2d1d6