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name objectstack-ui
description Author ObjectStack UI metadata — Views (list/form/kanban/calendar/gantt), Apps (navigation), Pages, Dashboards, Reports, Charts, Actions, and package Docs (`src/docs/*.md`). Use when the user is adding `*.view.ts` / `*.app.ts` / `*.dashboard.ts` / `*.action.ts` / `src/docs/*.md` files or designing a Studio-rendered UI surface, including dataset-bound dashboard/report widgets. Do not use for: data schema (see objectstack-data), interactive screen flows / wizards (those are `*.flow.ts` with `type: 'screen'` — see objectstack-automation), the React renderer implementation (lives in `packages/client-react`, not metadata), or Studio's own admin UI (that ships with the platform). CEL expressions in visibility/conditional rules: load objectstack-formula alongside.
license Apache-2.0
compatibility Requires @objectstack/spec Zod schemas (v4+)
metadata
author version domain tags
objectstack-ai
1.1
ui
view, app, page, dashboard, report, chart, action, widget, doc

UI Design — ObjectStack UI Protocol

Expert instructions for designing user interfaces using the ObjectStack specification. This skill covers Views (list, form, kanban, calendar, …), App navigation, Dashboards, Reports, and Actions.

When to Use This Skill

  • You are creating a list view (grid, kanban, calendar, gantt, map, …).
  • You are designing a form layout (simple, tabbed, wizard).
  • You are building an app with structured navigation menus.
  • You need a dashboard with widget grids.
  • You are adding reports (tabular, summary, matrix, chart).
  • You are configuring actions (buttons, URL jumps, screen flows).
  • You are writing package documentation (src/docs/*.md) that ships with the package and renders at /docs/<name>.

View Types

List Views

Type When to Use
grid Standard data table — default for most objects
kanban Visual board with columns (status-driven workflows)
gallery Card-based masonry layout (visual catalogues, contacts)
calendar Date-based scheduling (events, tasks, bookings)
timeline Chronological activity stream
gantt Project management with dependency tracking
map Geospatial records with location fields

Form Views

Type When to Use
simple Single-page form — suitable for objects with ≤ 15 fields
tabbed Tabbed sections — for complex objects with many field groups
wizard Step-by-step flow — guided data entry (onboarding, applications)

Master-Detail Forms (parent + child line items)

To let users enter a record together with its child line items (invoice + lines, project + tasks) and save them atomically, you almost never need a custom page or form config. Prefer, in order:

  1. Relationship inlineEdit (default, zero UI config). Declare it in the DATA MODEL — set inlineEdit: true on the child's master_detail field that references the parent (see the objectstack-data skill → Relationships → Inline Editing). Every standard New/Edit form for the parent (modal, drawer, full-page) then auto-renders the children and saves parent + children in one atomic /api/v1/batch. No view metadata needed. The value picks the form factor: 'grid' (editable line-item grid — thin children), 'form' (read-only list whose Add / per-row edit opens the child's FULL form — fat children with rich types), or true (smart default: form when the child has rich/form-only fields or >~8 fields, else grid).

  2. Form view subforms (override / tuning). Add to a form view only when you need to override the derived columns/order, or expose a child the relationship didn't mark inline:

    formViews: {
  default: {
    type: 'simple',
    sections: [{ label: 'Invoice', fields: ['number', 'account'] }],
    subforms: [
      { childObject: 'invoice_line', // relationshipField + columns are
        title: 'Line Items',         // derived from the child object;
        addLabel: 'Add line' },      // set `columns` here only to override.
    ],
  },
},

  3. object-master-detail-form page block (bespoke layout). Use a page only for free-form layouts. Same details: [{ childObject }] shorthand.

The relationship FK and grid columns are derived from the child object's metadata in every case; select options and lookups carry through. A parent summary field rolls child values up server-side (see objectstack-data).

Line-item grid behaviors (grid mode). The editable grid is a real spreadsheet-style line editor (the QuickBooks / Stripe / NetSuite pattern). All of the following come from the DATA MODEL — no UI config — so they apply to any inline grid, not just invoices:

  • Computed columns. A child field with an arithmetic expression (e.g. amount: Field.currency({ expression: 'record.quantity * record.unit_price' })) renders read-only and is recomputed live client-side as its inputs change, then persisted. Keep it a stored field (currency/number), NOT a formula field, so a parent summary can still roll it up — the server only treats type: 'formula' as computed, so a stored field's expression is a client-side display/compute hint and the sent value is stored as-is. The evaluator supports + - * / %, parens and record.<field> refs only.
  • Trailing "ghost" row. The grid always shows one empty line at the bottom; typing in it materialises a real row and a fresh ghost appears — users never click "Add line", and an untouched ghost is never persisted.
  • Item typeahead auto-fill. When a lookup cell's record is picked, the grid copies the chosen record's fields into any same-named sibling columns (e.g. a product's unit_price / description drop into the line). Model it by giving the line a lookup to the catalog plus columns whose names match the catalog fields. Opt out per column with autofill: false.
  • Persisted drag-reorder. Add a numeric sort field to the child named position (or sort_order / sequence / line_no). The grid auto-detects it, hides it from the editable columns, and stamps row[position] = index on reorder so line order survives a reload.
  • Totals stack. Give the PARENT a tax-rate field named tax_rate (percent number). The master-detail form then renders a live Subtotal → Tax → Total block under the lines (override the field name with the form's taxRateField). The parent summary persists the line subtotal; the tax-inclusive grand total is a live entry-time aid.
  • Per-cell inline validation (required-empty cells flag red in place) and a hover duplicate action come for free.

Read side — detail-page related lists. The mirror of inlineEdit is the related list on the parent's record DETAIL page. You don't author it: every child relationship is shown as a related list by default (owned master_detail children first). Refine on the relationship — relatedList: false to suppress a noisy child, relatedListTitle / relatedListColumns to override title / columns (see objectstack-data → Relationships → Detail-page related lists). Authored record pages can still place an explicit record:related_list (or inline-editable record:line_items) when they need bespoke placement.

Field Conditional Rules in Forms

For conditions that belong to a field's lifecycle, declare the rule on the DATA MODEL field, not in the form view. ObjectUI forms consume:

Field property UI behavior Server behavior
visibleWhen Hide the field when the CEL predicate is false UX-only visibility hint
readonlyWhen Render read-only when true ObjectQL ignores incoming writes when true
requiredWhen Mark required when true ObjectQL validates requiredness on submit

Inline master-detail grids evaluate these rules row-by-row against the child row. Use requiredWhen for new metadata; conditionalRequired is only a back-compat alias. Load objectstack-formula when authoring non-trivial CEL.

Configuring a List View

Data Source (data)

Every view connects to data via one of three providers:

// Auto-connect to an ObjectStack object
data: { provider: 'object', object: 'support_case' }

// Custom API endpoint
data: { provider: 'api', read: { url: '/api/cases', method: 'GET' } }

// Static inline data
data: { provider: 'value', items: [...] }

Best practice: Always use provider: 'object' when the data source is an ObjectStack-managed object. It enables automatic CRUD, real-time updates, filtering, and pagination.

Columns

Columns can be defined as a simple string array or detailed config:

// Simple — field names only
columns: ['subject', 'status', 'priority', 'assigned_to', 'due_date']

// Enhanced — full control
columns: [
  { field: 'subject', link: true, width: 300 },
  { field: 'status',  width: 120, align: 'center' },
  { field: 'priority' },
  { field: 'assigned_to', label: 'Owner' },
  {
    field: 'due_date',
    summary: { function: 'min' },
    sortable: true,
  },
]

Column Features

Property Purpose
field Field name (snake_case) — required
label Display label override
width Pixel width
align left / center / right
hidden Hide by default (user can show)
pinned Freeze column: left / right
sortable Allow sorting
resizable Allow resizing
link Make this the primary navigation link
summary Footer aggregation: count, sum, avg, min, max, etc.

Filtering

filter: [
  { field: 'status', operator: 'not_equals', value: 'closed' },
  { field: 'assigned_to', operator: 'equals', value: '$currentUser' },
]

Common operators: equals, not_equals, contains, starts_with, greater_than, less_than, is_empty, is_not_empty, in, not_in, this_week, this_month, this_quarter, last_n_days.

$currentUser is a runtime variable — the logged-in user's ID.

End-User Quick Filters (userFilters, ADR-0047)

filter is the always-on base criteria. For the end-user-facing filter bar (Airtable "User filters") use userFilters — dropdowns, filter tabs, or toggles the user combines at runtime:

userFilters: {
  element: 'dropdown',              // 'dropdown' | 'tabs' | 'toggle'
  fields: [
    { field: 'status' },            // options/labels inferred from field def
    { field: 'priority', showCount: true },
  ],
},

// In-view filter tabs (presets on top of the base filter):
tabs: [
  { name: 'all', label: 'All', isDefault: true },
  { name: 'urgent', label: 'Urgent', filter: [{ field: 'priority', operator: 'equals', value: 'urgent' }] },
],

// Runtime visualization whitelist (Airtable "Appearance → Visualizations"):
appearance: { allowedVisualizations: ['grid', 'kanban', 'gallery'] },

Rules:

  • Every field MUST exist on the source object — reference diagnostics (_diagnostics) flag unknown fields; treat valid: false as a failed write.
  • Tabs XOR dropdowns — never both on one view. The toolbar renders ONE filter element style (Airtable's Elements choice). If a view configures both tabs and userFilters, tabs win and the dropdowns never render. Want both demos? Put them on different views.
  • Omit userFilters when unsure — omission means a clean toolbar. Filter elements render only when explicitly configured; nothing is auto-derived. In data mode the saved-views switcher already covers the preset use case, so most views need no filter elements at all.
  • userFilters: { element: 'dropdown' } (no fields) is valid shorthand: the renderer fills the field list from the object's select/boolean fields.
  • element is dropdown or tabs; toggle is deprecated (ADR-0047 §3.4a) — it stays in the enum for back-compat rendering, but author dropdown/tabs.
  • The visualization switcher renders as a compact dropdown in the toolbar's right cluster. Authors only control the allowedVisualizations whitelist; a single-entry whitelist locks the visualization (no switcher).

Sorting

// Simple
sort: 'created_at desc'

// Multi-field
sort: [
  { field: 'priority', order: 'desc' },
  { field: 'created_at', order: 'asc' },
]

Configuring Kanban Views

{
  type: 'kanban',
  data: { provider: 'object', object: 'support_case' },
  columns: ['subject', 'priority', 'assigned_to'],
  groupBy: 'status',
  sort: 'priority desc',
}

Key rule: The groupBy field should be a select type with well-defined options. Each option becomes a column on the board.

Configuring Gantt Views

{
  type: 'gantt',
  data: { provider: 'object', object: 'project_task' },
  columns: ['name', 'assigned_to', 'status'],   // left-pane tree columns
  startField: 'start_date',                       // task bar start
  endField: 'end_date',                           // task bar end
  progressField: 'progress',                      // 0–100 fill
  dependencyField: 'depends_on',                  // FS dependency arrows
  parentField: 'parent',                          // builds the summary-bar tree
}

Rows with children (or type: 'summary') render as summary bars — they move the whole group on drag and have no resize handles. Leaf tasks resize freely unless locked: true.

Shift segmentation — timeSegments (排班分段, ObjectUI extension)

timeSegments splits each day column into ordered bands (e.g. 白班 / 夜班) for shift-based scheduling. It is an ObjectUI display extension, not part of the upstream GanttConfigSchema in @objectstack/spec — it lives only in the gantt view config and is read by the ObjectUI gantt runtime.

{
  type: 'gantt',
  data: { provider: 'object', object: 'work_order' },
  startField: 'start', endField: 'end',
  timeSegments: {
    dayStart: '08:00',                 // clock time the 排班日 begins (default '00:00')
    bands: [
      { key: 'day',   label: '白班', start: '08:00', end: '20:00' },
      { key: 'night', label: '夜班', start: '20:00', end: '08:00', color: '#6366f1' },
    ],
  },
}

Field shapes:

Field Required Notes
dayStart no 'HH:mm' (24h). The "day" column starts here and runs a full 24h, so a cross-midnight band sits wholly inside one column. Default '00:00'.
bands[].key no Stable id ('day'/'night'); defaults to band{index}.
bands[].label yes Header text for the band (白班 / 夜班).
bands[].start / bands[].end yes 'HH:mm'. When end <= start the band crosses midnight. Bands must tile the 24h day from dayStart.
bands[].color no Any CSS color. Tints that band's column; omit for no tint.
showMidnight no Draw the dashed calendar-midnight cue inside cross-midnight bands. Default true; set false to hide it.

Behavior:

  • Day scale only. timeSegments applies when the gantt is in day mode; in week/month/quarter scales it is ignored (no-op).
  • Two-tier header. Top tier = the 排班日 date (starting at dayStart), bottom tier = one cell per band (each half-width for two equal bands).
  • Attribution by start. A task is placed in the 排班日 its start falls in, so a 夜班 spanning 20:00→次日08:00 stays in a single column.
  • Drag-snaps to band boundaries (the band duration, e.g. 12h) instead of whole days.
  • Calendar-midnight cue. A subtle dashed vertical line marks local 0:00 inside a cross-midnight band — the 排班日 cell itself stays unbroken. Set showMidnight: false to turn it off.
  • Default off = zero regression. Omit timeSegments and the gantt behaves exactly as before. Tints render only for bands that declare color.

App Navigation

An App groups objects, dashboards, reports, and custom pages into a structured navigation tree. Build with App.create({...}) from @objectstack/spec/ui and register under defineStack({ apps: [...] }).

import { App } from '@objectstack/spec/ui';

export const CrmApp = App.create({
  name: 'crm_enterprise',
  label: 'Enterprise CRM',
  icon: 'briefcase',
  defaultAgent: 'sales_copilot',          // optional AI copilot binding
  // hidden: true,                         // ADR-0045 — drop from the App Switcher but keep
                                           // routable & permission-checked; the shell surfaces
                                           // hidden apps (e.g. `account`) via the avatar menu.
  branding: {
    primaryColor: '#4169E1',
    logo: '/assets/crm-logo.png',
    favicon: '/assets/crm-favicon.ico',
  },
  navigation: [
    {
      id: 'group_sales', type: 'group', label: 'Sales', icon: 'chart-line',
      expanded: true,
      children: [
        { id: 'nav_lead',        type: 'object', objectName: 'lead',        label: 'Leads',         icon: 'user-plus' },
        { id: 'nav_opportunity', type: 'object', objectName: 'opportunity', label: 'Opportunities', icon: 'target' },
        // Open a specific named view instead of the object default:
        { id: 'nav_pipeline',    type: 'object', objectName: 'opportunity', viewName: 'pipeline_kanban', label: 'Sales Pipeline', icon: 'columns-3' },
        { id: 'nav_dash',        type: 'dashboard', dashboardName: 'sales_dashboard', label: 'Sales Dashboard', icon: 'chart-bar' },
        { id: 'nav_report',      type: 'report',    reportName: 'opportunities_by_stage', label: 'Opps by Stage', icon: 'bar-chart-3' },
      ],
    },
    {
      id: 'group_approvals', type: 'group', label: 'Approvals', icon: 'check-circle',
      children: [
        // Reference system objects via `requiresObject` so the menu auto-hides
        // when the capability is not installed.
        { id: 'nav_approval_requests', type: 'object', objectName: 'sys_approval_request', label: 'Approval Requests', icon: 'inbox', requiresObject: 'sys_approval_request' },
      ],
    },
  ],
});

Navigation Item Types

Type Properties Purpose
group label, icon, expanded, children[] Collapsible group of items
object objectName, viewName?, label, icon Link to an object list (optionally a specific view)
dashboard dashboardName, label, icon Link to a dashboard
report reportName, label, icon Link to a report
page pageName, label, icon Link to a custom Page (`type: 'home'
url url, label, icon External or custom URL
divider — Visual separator

requiresObject / requiresCapability: Use these on any item that depends on an optional system object or capability so the nav item is automatically hidden when missing — never hard-code conditional UI.

Dashboards

Dashboards are a grid of widgets (columns × rowHeight) sharing a dateRange scrubber and globalFilters. Each widget declares an object, an aggregate measure or chart spec, and a layout: {x,y,w,h}.

Widget Types

Type Purpose
metric Single KPI number (count, sum, avg)
chart Bar, line, pie, donut, area chart
list Embedded list view (mini table)
calendar Embedded calendar widget
custom Custom component (HTML / React)

See the Production Pattern section below for the full Dashboard shape with refreshInterval, header actions, date range, global filters, widget options, and the period-over-period (compareTo) modifier; date bucketing comes from the bound dataset dimension's dateGranularity (ADR-0021).

Dataset-Bound Widgets

For shared metrics, prefer the ADR-0021 dataset shape over per-widget inline queries. A widget binds to dataset and selects named dimensions and values; the dataset owns the base object, allowed joins, intrinsic filter, dimensions, and certified measures. Reports bind the same way (dataset + rows + values + runtimeFilter). Full guide: Guides → Analytics Datasets (content/docs/guides/analytics-datasets.mdx).

A widget's presentation-scope filter flows into the query as the runtime filter; keep filter on the widget when binding a dataset.

{
  id: 'revenue_by_region',
  type: 'bar',
  title: 'Revenue by Region',
  dataset: 'sales',
  dimensions: ['region'],
  values: ['revenue'],
  layout: { x: 0, y: 0, w: 6, h: 4 },
}
  • Dataset-bound widgets need at least one values entry.
  • Do not mix dataset with inline object / valueField / aggregate unless you are intentionally keeping a legacy inline widget shape.
  • Studio's Dashboard Widget Inspector can author per-widget dataset, dimensions, and values; curated metadata-admin forms merge server-only fields back into the payload, so saving through Studio should not drop newer schema fields.
  • The analytics runtime applies SecurityPlugin read scope via security.getReadFilter, so dashboard/report datasets remain RLS-aware.

Report Types

Type When to Use
tabular Flat data table with columns and filters
summary Grouped data with subtotals (e.g., revenue by region)
matrix Cross-tab / pivot table (rows down × columns across)
chart Visual chart report
joined Multi-block analytic surface (combines several sub-reports)

Report Configuration

import { defineReport } from '@objectstack/spec/ui';

// ADR-0021: a report binds a `dataset` and selects `rows` (dimensions) +
// `values` (measures) BY NAME. The `opportunity_metrics` dataset defines the
// object, the `amount_sum` measure, and the `forecast_category` + `close_date`
// (dateGranularity: 'quarter') dimensions — see Guides → Analytics Datasets.
export const PipelineCoverageReport = defineReport({
  name: 'pipeline_coverage_by_quarter',
  label: 'Pipeline Coverage (Quarter)',
  type: 'matrix',
  dataset: 'opportunity_metrics',
  rows: ['forecast_category'],   // down axis
  columns: ['close_date'],       // across axis (ADR-0021 D2) — matrix pivots rows × columns
  values: ['amount_sum'],        // measures placed in the cells
  runtimeFilter: { stage: { $ne: 'closed_lost' } },
  // drilldown defaults true — click a cell to open the underlying records; set false to disable.
  chart: { type: 'bar', xAxis: 'forecast_category', yAxis: 'amount_sum' },
});

dateGranularity lives on the dataset's date dimension (day | week | month | quarter | year); selecting that dimension buckets the field server-side in a single aggregate query — do not pre-compute virtual columns for this. rows are the report's grouping dimensions (selected from the dataset by name). A summary groups down by rows. A matrix pivots rows (down) × columns (across, ADR-0021 D2) with values in the cells — do not put both axes in rows. Multi-level grouping on either axis = multiple dimension names in that array. drilldown (default true) makes cells click-through to the underlying records.

Two Run Modes: Object Nav vs Interface Pages (ADR-0047)

Object list UI has two run modes, selected by the navigation item type:

Data mode (type: 'object') Interface mode (type: 'page')
What renders ALL list views as switcher tabs One curated page referencing ONE view
User-created views Allowed Never
Quick filters Auto-derived (or view userFilters) Only what the author enabled
Visualization Switchable (whitelist) Locked unless whitelisted

Decision rule — default to data mode. Generate ONLY objects + list views + navigation pointing at objects. Generate an interface page ONLY on explicit signals in the requirement:

  • persona split ("sales reps see…", customer portal, 给业务部门的简化界面);
  • capability narrowing ("users must not change views", "only filter by X");
  • curation language (workspace / 工作台 / "Airtable interface-like").

Ambiguity resolves to no page — data mode is a functional superset; a missing page costs polish, a superfluous page is a permanently-maintained duplicate asset.

The iron rule: an interface page REFERENCES a view (interfaceConfig.source

  • sourceView) and adds presentation policy only (userFilters, appearance.allowedVisualizations, userActions). It has NO columns/filter/sort of its own — never restate what the view already defines.
import { definePage } from '@objectstack/spec/ui';

export const TaskWorkbenchPage = definePage({
  name: 'task_workbench',
  type: 'list',
  object: 'task',
  interfaceConfig: {
    source: 'task',
    sourceView: 'default',                       // inherit columns/filter/sort
    userFilters: { element: 'dropdown', fields: [{ field: 'status' }] },
    appearance: { allowedVisualizations: ['grid'] },  // locked
    userActions: { sort: true, search: true, filter: false },
  },
});

Pages — Lightning-Style Page Layouts

A Page is a Salesforce-Lightning-style layout composed of regions populated with components. Pages let designers assemble record details, home pages, app launchers, and utility bars without writing React.

Register under defineStack({ pages: [...] }).

Page Types

type Purpose
home App home / landing page
record_detail Object record detail layout (overrides the default form)
app_launcher Tile grid for switching between apps
utility_bar Persistent bottom-of-screen utilities (notes, tasks, calls)

Templates & Regions

template controls the column layout (e.g. 'three-column', 'two-column', 'single-column'). Each template exposes named regions (header, left_sidebar, main, right_sidebar, footer) which contain components.

Component Catalogue (selection)

type Use
page:header Title + subtitle + breadcrumb + inline actions: Action[]
page:card Bordered/un-bordered card with body: Component[]
flex Generic styleable box (properties.children) — the workhorse for custom layout; style via responsiveStyles (see Styling below)
element:text Text node — properties.content; style via responsiveStyles
element:button Button — properties.label + variant/size + optional action
record:highlights Salesforce highlights panel — strip of key fields
record:path Stage progress bar driven by a status field
record:related Related-list (child records via lookup)
nav:menu Quick-create / nav menu bound to current context
widget:metric Single KPI widget (count/sum/avg)
widget:chart Embedded chart

Example — Record Detail Page

import { definePage } from '@objectstack/spec/ui';
import { ConvertLeadAction } from '../actions/lead.actions';

export const LeadDetailPage = definePage({
  name: 'lead_detail_page',
  label: 'Lead Detail',
  type: 'record_detail',
  objectName: 'lead',
  template: 'three-column',
  regions: [
    {
      name: 'header', width: 'full',
      components: [
        {
          type: 'page:header', id: 'lead_header', label: 'Lead Information',
          properties: {
            title: '{first_name} {last_name}',
            subtitle: '{company}',
            icon: 'user-plus',
            breadcrumb: true,
            actions: [ConvertLeadAction],   // inline action buttons in header
          },
        },
        {
          type: 'record:highlights', id: 'lead_highlights',
          properties: { fields: ['status', 'rating', 'lead_source', 'owner', 'email', 'phone'] },
        },
        {
          type: 'record:path', id: 'lead_path',
          properties: {
            statusField: 'status',
            stages: [
              { value: 'new',         label: 'New' },
              { value: 'contacted',   label: 'Contacted' },
              { value: 'qualified',   label: 'Qualified' },
              { value: 'unqualified', label: 'Unqualified' },
            ],
          },
        },
      ],
    },
    // left_sidebar / main / right_sidebar regions follow…
  ],
});

Variable substitution — {first_name}, {current_user.first_name}, {current_quarter_start} etc. resolve from the page's variables block, the bound record, and the runtime context. Declare variables: [...] at the page root for any non-record value. For relative-date placeholders ({today}, {30_days_ago}, {N_<unit>_(ago|from_now)} …) see the Date Macros reference below — the full token list is published as DATE_MACRO_TOKENS in @objectstack/spec.

Actions in header — pass full Action objects into page:header.properties.actions; do not create a sibling action node. The header renders them inline in the action slot.

Styling a page (ADR-0065) — responsiveStyles, NOT className

To style a metadata-authored block, give it a responsiveStyles object — a per-breakpoint map of CSS properties. The renderer compiles each styled node to id-scoped CSS at render time. Do NOT put Tailwind classes in className expecting them to render: Tailwind is compiled at the renderer's build over the renderer's source, never over your metadata, so a class only happens to work if objectui already uses it — arbitrary classes (text-[27px], bg-[#1a2b3c], grid-cols-7) silently do nothing. responsiveStyles has no such trap (values are compiled from your data at render).

Rules:

  • responsiveStyles and id are top-level envelope fields; child nodes go in properties.children (the renderer hoists properties to schema level).
  • Every styled node needs a stable id (the CSS is scoped to it).
  • Values should be design tokens for consistency: spacing var(--space-1..12), radius var(--radius) / var(--radius-xl), shadow var(--shadow-sm|md|lg), colors var(--surface) / var(--surface-sunken) / var(--text-strong) / var(--text-muted) / var(--brand) / var(--brand-foreground) / var(--hairline), or hsl(var(--primary)) etc. (theme tokens track light/dark).
  • Responsive lives in the breakpoint maps — large (base, desktop-first), then medium / small / xsmall as max-width overrides. Never author md:-style variant classes.
  • Compose from generic styleable blocks — flex, element:text, element:button — and style each block's root. (page:card etc. are fine for structure but style what you control.)
// A styled pricing card — every block carries responsiveStyles + tokens.
{
  id: 'plan_solo', type: 'flex',
  responsiveStyles: {
    large: {
      display: 'flex', flexDirection: 'column', gap: 'var(--space-4)',
      padding: 'var(--space-6)', borderRadius: 'var(--radius-xl)',
      backgroundColor: 'var(--surface)', border: '1px solid hsl(var(--primary))',
      boxShadow: '0 0 0 3px hsl(var(--primary) / 0.25), var(--shadow-lg)',
    },
    small: { padding: 'var(--space-4)', gap: 'var(--space-3)' },  // responsive via the model
  },
  properties: {
    children: [
      { id: 'plan_solo_price', type: 'element:text',
        responsiveStyles: { large: { fontSize: '40px', fontWeight: '700', color: 'var(--text-strong)' }, small: { fontSize: '32px' } },
        properties: { content: '$29' } },
      { id: 'cta_solo', type: 'element:button',
        responsiveStyles: { large: { marginTop: 'auto', width: '100%' } },  // pin CTA to card bottom
        properties: { label: 'Upgrade', variant: 'primary', size: 'large' } },
    ],
  },
}

Why this model: it's build-independent (no Tailwind compile dependency), collision-free (per-node scoped, beats base utilities without @layer games), and responsive-correct (breakpoint maps → generated @media). The spec field is PageComponentSchema.responsiveStyles (@objectstack/spec, ResponsiveStylesSchema). Full worked example: examples/app-showcase/src/pages/styling-gallery.page.ts (the "Styling (ADR-0065)" nav entry). See ADR-0065.

Docs — Package Documentation (ADR-0046)

A Doc is a page of package documentation shipped as metadata. You author plain Markdown in a flat src/docs/ directory; os build compiles each *.md into a doc item that travels inside the package artifact and renders in the console at /docs/<name>. Docs are also the grounding the AI assistant reads about a package.

src/docs/
  crm_index.md         → doc "crm_index"      → /docs/crm_index
  crm_user_guide.md    → doc "crm_user_guide" → /docs/crm_user_guide

Authoring rules (each enforced by os build)

  1. Flat directory. Every .md lives directly in src/docs/; subdirectories are a build error. Flatness is what keeps links stable — a reference resolves by basename, never by path.
  2. Namespace-prefixed filename. The filename stem becomes the doc name (^[a-z][a-z0-9_]*$) and must start with the package namespace (crm_…). Names share one flat, instance-global space with the URL, so a bare user_guide would collide across packages and fail at install (ADR-0048).
  3. Title resolves: frontmatter title: → first # heading → name. Optional frontmatter description: is a one-line summary the docs portal shows under the title — add it on index/overview docs.
  4. Pure Markdown. CommonMark + GFM only, plus heading anchors, fenced code highlighting, and GitHub alerts (> [!NOTE], > [!WARNING], …). MDX and image references are rejected at build time — docs are publisher content rendered inside the platform (no authored code across the trust boundary; images await a content-addressed asset service).
  5. Cross-references use plain relative links — [overview](./crm_index.md). The console rewrites *.md → /docs/<target> (anchors preserved); broken same-package links fail the build.

Routing model — platform-level viewer, opt-in entry

The viewer is platform-level: one global /docs/<name> route resolves any doc regardless of which app you came from. The URL is single-coordinate — no package or app prefix — so a doc has exactly one URL. Do not design per-app or per-package doc URLs; that gives one doc many addresses and breaks cross-references.

To surface a doc inside an app, add a navigation item that links into that global URL. There is no dedicated doc nav-item type yet, so use a url item pointing at /docs/<name>:

navigation: [
  { id: 'nav_help', type: 'url', url: '/docs/crm_user_guide',
    label: 'User Guide', icon: 'book-open' },
]

A platform-level "Documentation" portal (browse/search all docs by package) is a later, additive concern — author-side, nothing to model now.

Live instances vs. structural views. For a live, interactive instance — a dashboard, a report, a record table — don't embed it: link to it by URL and let the platform render it (one source, never a stale copy). But for structural metadata that no single screen shows as one picture — a state machine, a flow, a permission matrix — embed a read-only view inline with a metadata fence (below).

Inline metadata views — the metadata fence (ADR-0051)

A reader who can't open Studio (a business user, a PM, an auditor) can't see the whole shape of a process or the full set of legal state transitions from a running screen. A metadata fenced block embeds a live, read-only view of one metadata item, resolved from the current metadata at render time — change the rule and the diagram follows, it is never a screenshot. The body is flat key: value data, not code, so it stays inside the §3.4 trust boundary (it compiles to the read-only element:metadata_viewer component — the same one a page can render).

Three view kinds:

type renders required optional
state_machine a record's lifecycle transition graph (from a state_machine validation rule) object + name (the rule) detail, mode
flow a flow's steps; detail: business (default) folds purely technical nodes name detail (business|technical), mode
permission a permission set's object-level C/R/U/D matrix name mode 
Tasks move across the board only by these rules:

```metadata
type: state_machine
object: crm_task
name: crm_task_status_flow
```

os build lints every fence: type must be one of the three (typo → did-you-mean), name is required, state_machine also needs object, and the referenced object-rule / flow / permission set must exist in this package — a dead same-package reference fails the build (same posture as a broken link). At render time a missing or forbidden reference degrades to a placeholder, never a crash.

Scope is deliberately narrow: only state_machine, flow, permission. Embedding an object (data model) or an arbitrary SDUI component is not supported. permission caveat: the matrix is not yet projected to the reader's own permissions (ADR-0051 P3) — do not place a permission embed in a doc reachable by less-privileged or anonymous readers until that lands.

Example

---
title: CRM Overview
description: Accounts, contacts, and opportunities — start here.
---

# CRM

Manages accounts, contacts, and opportunities.

> [!TIP]
> New here? Start with the [user guide](./crm_user_guide.md).

| Object | Purpose |
| :--- | :--- |
| `crm_account` | Companies and organizations |
| `crm_contact` | People at an account |

In-repo reference: examples/app-showcase/src/docs/showcase_docs_guide.md.

CRM UI Blueprint (Metadata-First)

Use this CRM-style structure as the canonical UI assembly reference:

UI Surface Typical Location Pattern to Follow
Multi-view object UI src/views/*.view.ts Define default list + form, then named listViews / formViews for scenarios
Public / anonymous form src/views/*.view.ts (formView with sharing.allowAnonymous: true) Web-to-Lead / Web-to-Case. Auto-exposed at GET/POST /api/v1/forms/:slug. See guides/public-forms.mdx
App navigation src/apps/*.app.ts Use grouped nav trees, viewName shortcuts, and requiresObject for capability-aware visibility
Dashboards src/dashboards/*.dashboard.ts Combine KPI + chart + table widgets with shared dateRange and globalFilters
Reports src/reports/*.report.ts Bind a dataset + rows (dimensions) + values (measures) for tabular/summary/matrix/joined analytics
Record pages src/pages/*.page.ts Compose regions + components (page:header, record:highlights, related lists, tabs)
User actions src/actions/*.actions.ts Use flow for orchestration and modal for parameterized bulk mutations

This blueprint is the default for “build a complete metadata app UI” tasks.

ObjectUI Runtime Coverage (2026-05-08 → 2026-06-08 scan)

Recent ../objectui work moved many UI metadata surfaces from "spec only" to partial or full frontend implementation. When authoring metadata, assume these ObjectUI capabilities exist and prefer the protocol-native shape:

Area Current ObjectUI capability Authoring guidance
Metadata admin / Studio Generic metadata list/detail/edit, live preview, diagnostics, draft/publish/rollback, package scoping, skew-safe curated inspectors Prefer spec-driven inspectors and canonical metadata shapes; do not invent designer-only shadow fields
Object designer Field groups, drag/drop fields, object create canvas, field-level conditional rules, bulk field selection, live validation Put durable behavior on object/field metadata; use CEL via P\...``
Form views Modal/drawer/full-page subforms, inline master-detail, atomic batch create/edit, submit feedback Model parent-child entry with master_detail.inlineEdit or form subforms
Line-item grids Spreadsheet editing, computed cells, ghost row, lookup auto-fill, duplicate, drag reorder, subtotal/tax/total Keep line fields on the child object; use position/sort_order and summary fields
Record detail Derived related lists, action slots, system/audit sections, record-page assignment, optional reference rail Let relationships derive related lists unless a record page needs bespoke placement
Pages Page create flows, block canvas, slotted record pages, block property inspectors, nested container blocks Use Page metadata for layout; use full Action objects in page:header.properties.actions
Dashboards Metric/chart/list/pivot/funnel/table widgets, drill-downs, type-aware cells, date bucketing, dataset-bound widgets Bind every widget to a dataset + values (+ dimensions); the inline object/valueField/aggregate form was removed (ADR-0021)
Reports Spec-native tabular/summary/matrix/joined reports, chart/KPI blocks, drill-downs, dataset-bound reports Bind a dataset + rows + values; joined reports carry dataset-bound blocks
Actions Row/global/header actions, modal parameter collection, visible CEL, popup-safe opens, nested action runner sharing Define actions as metadata; use row context/defaultFromRow instead of custom code
Flow designer Typed node config panels, trigger/decision forms, reference pickers, simulator/debug runner Author flows with typed config, not advanced JSON fallbacks
Console utilities Integrations & APIs, public forms, flow runs, approvals inbox, settings, marketplace/package management, AI draft review/publish Link app navigation to these surfaces with capability gates where appropriate

Still treat broad "universal renderer parity" as in progress: verify uncommon component/widget combinations in ObjectUI before documenting them as shipped.

Dashboards (cont.) — KPI Widgets, Filters, Drilldown

Dashboards (Dashboard) are first-class metadata. Beyond the basic widget layout shown above, the production-grade pattern uses:

import type { Dashboard } from '@objectstack/spec/ui';

export const SalesDashboard: Dashboard = {
  name: 'sales_dashboard',
  label: 'Sales Performance',
  columns: 12,
  gap: 4,
  refreshInterval: 180,                    // seconds; auto-refresh

  header: {
    showTitle: true,
    actions: [
      { label: 'New Opportunity', icon: 'Plus',     actionType: 'modal',  actionUrl: 'create_opportunity' },
      { label: 'Forecast',        icon: 'TrendingUp', actionType: 'url',   actionUrl: '/reports/forecast' },
      { label: 'Export',          icon: 'Download', actionType: 'script', actionUrl: 'export_dashboard_pdf' },
    ],
  },

  // Date-range scrubber bound to a field on the underlying objects:
  dateRange: { field: 'close_date', defaultRange: 'this_quarter', allowCustomRange: true },

  // Filters applied to ALL widgets:
  globalFilters: [
    { field: 'owner', label: 'Sales Rep', type: 'lookup', scope: 'dashboard',
      optionsFrom: { object: 'user', valueField: 'id', labelField: 'name' } },
  ],

  // ADR-0021: widgets bind a semantic `dataset` and select dimensions/measures
  // BY NAME (the `opportunity_metrics` / `order_metrics` datasets define the base
  // object, measures, and date dimensions — see Guides → Analytics Datasets). The
  // widget `filter` is the presentation-scope runtimeFilter.
  widgets: [
    {
      id: 'total_pipeline_value', type: 'metric',
      title: 'Total Pipeline',
      dataset: 'opportunity_metrics', values: ['total_amount'],
      filter: { stage: { $nin: ['closed_won', 'closed_lost'] } },
      layout: { x: 0, y: 0, w: 3, h: 2 },
      options: { icon: 'DollarSign' },   // the measure's own `format` drives the number
      // Period-over-period: renderer fetches the prior quarter and
      // surfaces a secondary value + delta arrow automatically.
      compareTo: 'previousPeriod',
      actionType: 'url', actionUrl: '/objects/opportunity?filter=open',
    },

    // Chart widget with comparison overlay (M2). The renderer issues a
    // second query with the time window shifted by `compareTo` and
    // overlays it as a muted/dashed series. The date axis is a dataset
    // dimension whose monthly bucketing lives on the dataset (`dateGranularity`).
    {
      id: 'revenue_vs_last_year', type: 'line',
      title: 'Revenue — This Year vs Last',
      dataset: 'order_metrics', dimensions: ['closed_at'], values: ['total_sum'],
      filter: { closed_at: { $gte: '{current_year_start}', $lte: '{current_year_end}' } },
      compareTo: 'previousYear',
      layout: { x: 3, y: 0, w: 9, h: 4 },
    },
  ],
};

Tokens in filters: {current_quarter_start}, {current_user.id} are resolved at request time. Avoid baking absolute dates into definitions. The full list of supported date placeholders is documented in Date Macros below.

Period-over-period — compareTo

Set compareTo on any data-bound widget to add a second query against a shifted time window. The renderer derives the comparison automatically; no second filter is required.

Value Behaviour
'previousPeriod' Inspect the widget filter for date-macro tokens ({current_month_start}, {last_7_days}, …) and shift the window back by one period of the same kind.
'previousYear' Shift the resolved filter window back by one calendar year.
{ offset: '7d' } Shift by an explicit duration. Units: d (days), w (weeks), M (months), y (years).
  • Metric widgets — the prior-period value renders as a small caption beneath the headline number, alongside a green/red delta arrow and an i18n trend label resolved from the comparison kind (e.g. vs previous period, vs previous year, vs previous 7d). Authors should not hand-author options.trend when compareTo is set; the renderer wins and overwrites it.
  • Cartesian charts (line / area / bar / horizontal-bar / scatter) — the comparison series is appended after the primary series with variant: 'comparison' and styled as a muted overlay (opacity: 0.5
    • strokeDasharray: '4 4' for line/area/scatter; opacity: 0.4 for bars). Override per-series with series.dashArray / series.opacity.
  • Pie / donut / funnel — compareTo is silently ignored; there is no meaningful "two-period" composition for part-of-whole charts.
  • Requirements — compareTo is a no-op when the filter contains no resolvable date macros and no global dateRange is configured. The shifted query reuses the original filter shape and replaces only the date-bound clauses.
// Metric — WoW delta (binds the task_metrics dataset; filter = runtimeFilter)
{ id: 'done_this_week', type: 'metric', dataset: 'task_metrics', values: ['task_count'],
  filter: { assignee: '{current_user_id}', status: 'done',
            completed_at: { $gte: '{week_start}' } },
  compareTo: 'previousPeriod' }

// Bar — YoY overlay on a stable category set
{ id: 'headcount_by_dept', type: 'bar', dataset: 'employee_metrics',
  dimensions: ['department'], values: ['headcount'],
  filter: { status: { $ne: 'terminated' } },
  compareTo: 'previousYear' }

Server-side date bucketing — dateGranularity (ADR-0021)

Date bucketing lives on the dataset dimension, not the widget. Give a date dimension a dateGranularity and any presentation that selects it groups by that bucket server-side — without it every distinct timestamp becomes its own category, collapsing a 12-row seed into a 12-point flat line. (The old widget-level categoryGranularity was removed in the single-form cutover.)

// In the dataset (Guides → Analytics Datasets):
defineDataset({
  name: 'contract_metrics', object: 'contract',
  dimensions: [{ name: 'signed_date', field: 'signed_date', type: 'date', dateGranularity: 'month' }],
  measures: [{ name: 'signed_count', aggregate: 'count' }],
});
// A monetary measure may declare `currency` (ISO 4217) for a locale-correct
// symbol: `{ name: 'revenue', aggregate: 'sum', field: 'amount', currency: 'USD' }`.
// It resolves measure `currency` → the aggregated field's
// `currencyConfig.defaultCurrency` → the tenant `localization.currency` default
// (ADR-0053). Omit it for non-money measures (count, avg-of-hours).

// The widget just selects the dimension by name:
{ id: 'signed_by_month', type: 'line',
  dataset: 'contract_metrics', dimensions: ['signed_date'], values: ['signed_count'],
  filter: { signed_date: { $gte: '{12_months_ago}' } },
  compareTo: 'previousYear' }

Drilldown

Dashboards drill in two ways: drill-through turns an aggregate into the rows behind it; drill-to-record opens one record.

  • table / pivot widgets drill through. Clicking an aggregated table row or pivot cell opens a side drawer listing the underlying records. The dataset preserves each grouped row's raw group keys, so the drawer filters to the exact records (no label→id guessing). Automatic — no per-widget config.
  • The drilled record list drills to record. Any row in that drawer opens the single record's detail, completing the group → records → record chain.
  • Escape hatch — "Open in list →". The drawer header offers a link to the object's full list page (sort / bulk-select / export / shareable URL), scoped by the same drill filter. The in-place drawer is the default (peek without losing the dashboard); the escape hatch escalates when the user wants the full surface — the Looker / Power BI "see records → open page" model.
  • metric / chart widgets are not click-drillable in the dataset form (they render the aggregate only; compareTo still applies). Surface the detail through a table / pivot widget instead.

Reports drill the same way. A summary / matrix report (drilldown defaults true) opens the identical in-place drawer on row/cell click — peek the records, click a row to open one, or "Open in list →" for the full list page. Dashboard and report drill are unified.

Renderer note (object/record-backed surfaces). The ObjectUI renderer exposes a richer options.drillDown block for non-dataset list/table widgets and the drill drawers — enabled, mode ('filter' = aggregate → filtered list; 'record' = row → that record), target ('drawer' | 'dialog' | 'navigate', where 'navigate' skips the drawer and opens the list page directly), columns (whitelist), and title (${event.*} interpolation). At the renderer level drill-through covers the bar / line / area / pie / donut / funnel / scatter / treemap / sankey families and pivot cell/row/column/total clicks (radar is excluded — no single clickable category point). The "Open in list →" escape hatch appears whenever the host app wired drill navigation (the console does). Dataset-bound dashboards use the semantic-layer drill above and ignore the rest of this block.

dateGranularity Rendered bucket label
'day' YYYY-MM-DD
'week' ISO date of the bucket (YYYY-MM-DD)
'month' YYYY-MM
'quarter' YYYY-Qn
'year' YYYY
  • Engine support — Postgres date_trunc, MySQL date_format, SQLite strftime, MongoDB $dateTrunc, in-memory fallback. All emitted by the analytics service, not the client.
  • Human labels are automatic — the analytics layer formats the bucket value to the label above, and resolves select/lookup dimension values to their option label / related-record name. Measures carry their label + format (e.g. $0,0) so KPIs and legends read "Total Spent / $616,000", not "spent_sum / 616000". Authors do not format dimension/measure values by hand.
  • Combines with compareTo — the comparison query is issued with the same granularity, so the muted overlay aligns bucket-for-bucket.
  • Rule of thumb — day for ≤30d windows, week for ~90d, month for 6–12 months, quarter for multi-year, year for retention / compliance.

Date Macros — Filter Placeholders

Dashboards, reports, list-view filters, and other UI metadata can embed relative-date placeholders that are resolved on the client just before the request leaves the browser. The canonical contract is published as DATE_MACRO_TOKENS in @objectstack/spec; the resolver lives in @object-ui/core (resolveDateMacros). Keep the two in lockstep.

Both {token} and ${token} forms are accepted.

Fixed tokens (36)

Category Tokens
Instants today, yesterday, tomorrow, now
Current period current_week_start / _end, current_month_start / _end, current_quarter_start / _end, current_year_start / _end
Last period last_week_start / _end, last_month_start / _end, last_quarter_start / _end, last_year_start / _end
Next period next_week_start, next_month_start, next_quarter_start, next_year_start
Bare aliases week_start, week_end, month_start, month_end, quarter_start, quarter_end, year_start, year_end (same as current_*)

Parameterised tokens — {N_<unit>_(ago|from_now)}

N is any positive integer; <unit> is one of minute(s) | hour(s) | day(s) | week(s) | month(s) | year(s). minute/hour resolve to a full ISO timestamp; coarser units resolve to YYYY-MM-DD.

{30_days_ago}       {7_days_from_now}     {1_day_ago}
{2_weeks_ago}       {6_months_from_now}   {1_year_ago}
{15_minutes_ago}    {2_hours_from_now}

DO / DON'T

  • DO type-check tokens against the spec — isDateMacroToken(tok) from @objectstack/spec returns false for anything unsupported.
  • DO prefer Field.datetime() for "near-now" filters (minute/hour precision); driver-sql automatically coerces ISO macros to the stored ms-epoch representation.
  • DON'T invent tokens. Unknown placeholders silently pass through as literal strings — the resulting SQL compares text against '{my_made_up_token}' and matches zero rows.
  • DON'T combine multiple tokens inside one value without resolution semantics ('{today}-{tomorrow}' is fine; {today_or_tomorrow} is not — there is no such token).

Analytics Cubes — Semantic Layer

Cube definitions sit between objects and dashboards/reports — they expose named measures (aggregates) and dimensions (groupings) that BI widgets can compose without hand-rolling each query. Register under defineStack({ analyticsCubes: [...] }).

import { defineCube } from '@objectstack/spec/data';

export const opportunityCube = defineCube({
  name: 'opportunity',
  title: 'Opportunities',
  sql: 'opportunity',            // underlying object name (snake_case)
  public: true,
  measures: {
    count:  { name: 'count',  label: 'Count',        type: 'count', sql: '*' },
    amount: { name: 'amount', label: 'Total Amount', type: 'sum',   sql: 'amount', format: 'currency' },
  },
  dimensions: {
    stage:            { name: 'stage',            label: 'Stage',    type: 'string', sql: 'stage' },
    close_date:       { name: 'close_date',       label: 'Close',    type: 'time',   sql: 'close_date',
                        granularities: ['day', 'week', 'month', 'quarter', 'year'] },
    account_industry: { name: 'account_industry', label: 'Industry', type: 'string', sql: 'account.industry' },
    owner:            { name: 'owner',            label: 'Owner',    type: 'string', sql: 'owner' },
  },
});

Cube Best Practices

  1. sql = object name (e.g. 'opportunity'). The ObjectQL strategy reads it via cube.sql.trim() — do not put raw SQL there.
  2. Use dotted lookups in dimensions[*].sql ('account.industry') to reach across relations — the engine auto-joins.
  3. Always declare granularities on time dimensions so dashboards can bucket by day / month / quarter without ad-hoc queries.
  4. Keep public: true for any cube referenced by a dashboard widget; an internal-only cube should be public: false.
  5. One cube per object usually beats omnibus cubes — composability stays high.

Actions

Actions are user-triggered operations attached to an object or a view. Register them under defineStack({ actions: [...] }).

Action Types

type Purpose Required field
script Run an inline L2 hook body (sandboxed JS) on the server body
url Navigate to an internal route or external URL target
modal Open a dialog, collect params, then execute body target, params, body
flow Launch a screen/auto-launched flow by name target
api Call a registered API endpoint target

Where Actions Appear (locations)

locations is an array — an action can live in multiple surfaces:

Value Surface
record_header Detail page header (single record)
record_more Detail page overflow menu
list_item Per-row action in list views
list_toolbar Bulk action on selected rows (input.selectedIds)
global Global action launcher (utility bar)

Visibility, Disable & Feedback

  • visible — CEL predicate (prefer the P\...`` tagged template); when false the action is hidden.
  • disabled — boolean or a CEL predicate; when true the action shows but greys out. Use this (not visible) when the action should stay discoverable but locked in the current state.
  • confirmText — set for any destructive or irreversible operation.
  • successMessage / errorMessage — author-controlled toast copy on success / failure. Always set successMessage for non-obvious outcomes; without it the UI shows a generic "Action completed" toast.
  • undoable: true — on a single-record update, offers an Undo in the success toast (and Ctrl+Z); the runtime snapshots prior values and restores them.

Predicates are bare CEL — record.status == "converted", evaluated against the current record. record.<field> resolves identically on every surface (record_header, list_item, …); prefer it over the bare-field form. Never wrap a predicate in ${…} or {…} braces (see objectstack-formula).

import { defineAction } from '@objectstack/spec/ui';

export const ReassignLeadAction = defineAction({
  name: 'reassign_lead',
  label: 'Reassign Lead',
  objectName: 'lead',
  type: 'api',
  target: 'lead',
  locations: ['record_header', 'list_item'],
  // Greys out (stays visible) once the lead is converted:
  disabled: P`record.status == "converted"`,
  params: [{ field: 'assigned_to', required: true }],
  undoable: true,                 // success toast offers Undo; Ctrl+Z works too
  successMessage: 'Lead reassigned.',
  errorMessage: "Couldn't reassign this lead — try again.",
});

Examples

Flow-typed action (delegates to a screen flow):

import { defineAction } from '@objectstack/spec/ui';
import { P } from '@objectstack/spec';

export const ConvertLeadAction = defineAction({
  name: 'convert_lead',
  label: 'Convert Lead',
  objectName: 'lead',
  icon: 'arrow-right-circle',
  type: 'flow',
  target: 'lead_conversion',                // name of the flow
  locations: ['record_header', 'list_item'],
  visible: P`record.status == "qualified" && record.is_converted == false`,
  confirmText: 'Are you sure you want to convert this lead?',
  successMessage: 'Lead converted successfully!',
  refreshAfter: true,
});

Modal-typed action (collect params, then execute server body):

import { defineAction } from '@objectstack/spec/ui';

export const AddToCampaignAction = defineAction({
  name: 'create_campaign',
  label: 'Add to Campaign',
  objectName: 'lead',
  icon: 'send',
  type: 'modal',
  target: 'create_campaign',
  locations: ['list_toolbar'],
  params: [
    // Field-backed params resolve label/type/options from object metadata:
    { field: 'campaign_id', objectOverride: 'campaign', required: true },
  ],
  body: {
    language: 'js',
    source: `
      const campaignId = input.campaign_id;
      const ids = Array.isArray(input.selectedIds) ? input.selectedIds : [];
      for (const leadId of ids) {
        await ctx.api.object('campaign_member').insert({
          campaign_id: campaignId, lead_id: leadId, status: 'sent',
        });
      }
      return { count: ids.length };
    `,
    capabilities: ['api.write'],
    timeoutMs: 10000,
  },
  successMessage: 'Leads added to campaign!',
  refreshAfter: true,
});

Opening in a New Tab (opensInNewTab / newTabUrl)

For actions that should land in a new browser tab, set opensInNewTab: true (#1787). The renderer pre-opens the tab synchronously on click so popup blockers don't fire, then navigates it to the handler's returned redirectUrl.

For external deep-links / SSO with no server round-trip, add newTabUrl — a direct URL template (supports the {recordId} placeholder). It is valid only alongside opensInNewTab: true, and the target endpoint must enforce its own auth (the new tab carries no in-app session context).

import { defineAction } from '@objectstack/spec/ui';

export const OpenInvoicePdfAction = defineAction({
  name: 'open_invoice_pdf',
  label: 'Open PDF',
  objectName: 'invoice',
  type: 'url',
  opensInNewTab: true,
  newTabUrl: '/api/v1/invoice/{recordId}/pdf',   // zero-roundtrip; endpoint self-auths
  locations: ['record_header'],
});

Action Parameter Patterns

Prefer field-backed params ({ field: 'email' }) over inline declarations — the runtime resolves label (i18n), type, validation, options, placeholder, and widget mapping from object metadata. Use objectOverride to reference a field from a different object. Set defaultFromRow: true to pre-fill from the selected row in list_item contexts.

Best practices:

  • Always add confirmText for destructive actions.
  • Use visible (CEL) so buttons appear only when actionable.
  • Set refreshAfter: true whenever the action mutates the current record.
  • For bulk actions, read input.selectedIds inside body.source.

Common Pitfalls

  1. Using provider: 'api' when provider: 'object' is available. Object provider gives you free filtering, sorting, pagination, and real-time updates.

  2. Putting too many columns in a grid view. Users rarely need more than 6–8 columns visible by default. Use hidden for secondary columns.

  3. Forgetting link: true on the primary column. The first meaningful column (usually the name/subject) should be the navigation link to the record detail.

  4. Not setting quick filters. Quick filters dramatically improve usability. Always add at least a "My Records" filter using $currentUser.

  5. Dashboard widgets without position. Every widget needs position: { x, y, w, h } on the grid. Plan the layout on paper first.

Verify your work

After authoring any *.view.ts / *.action.ts / *.dashboard.ts, run the author-time gate before reporting done:

os validate     # CEL predicates (record.<field>) + widget bindings + schema
# or: os build  # the same gates, plus emits dist/

Two UI-specific traps it catches, both silent at runtime otherwise:

  • Action / field predicate — a bare field ref in an action visible / disabled or a field visibleWhen (done instead of record.done) evaluates to null and hides the control on every record (the #2183/#2185 "button never shows" trap).
  • Dashboard widget binding — a widget dataset / dimensions / values that doesn't resolve to a declared dataset/field renders an empty chart (ADR-0021).

Don't report a view/action/dashboard done until os validate passes. In a scaffolded project the gate is npm run validate.

References

See references/_index.md for the full list of Zod schemas (with one-line descriptions) — pointers into node_modules/@objectstack/spec/src/. Always Read the source for exact field shapes; do not rely on memory of property names.