feat(ADR-0046): per-locale documentation content (doc i18n)

Docs can ship localized bodies via sibling `src/docs/<name>.<locale>.md`
variant files (flat siblings; base `<name>.md` is the default + fallback),
or inline `translations` for TS-first code packages.

- spec: DocSchema.translations + resolveDocLocale (exact → primary subtag →
  base, per-field fallback, strips the map)
- cli/collect-docs: fold variants into the base doc; lint orphan/duplicate
  variants + apply the v1 MDX/image bans to variant content
- rest: /meta/doc (list + single) collapses to the request's
  Accept-Language/?locale and returns one body; doc detail bypasses cache
- setup/studio: built-in overview docs ship zh translations (inline)
- showcase: showcase_index.zh.md demonstrates the flat-file variant path

Console already sends the UI language as Accept-Language, so doc content
localizes on a language switch with no client change.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: os-zhuang

.changeset/adr0046-doc-i18n.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+"@objectstack/spec": minor
+"@objectstack/cli": minor
+"@objectstack/rest": minor
+"@objectstack/setup": minor
+"@objectstack/studio": minor
+---
+
+feat(ADR-0046): per-locale documentation content (doc i18n)
+
+Docs can now ship localized bodies. Authors add sibling locale-variant files
+`src/docs/<name>.<locale>.md` (e.g. `crm_lead_guide.zh.md`, `..pt-BR.md`) next
+to the base `<name>.md`; the base stays the default and the fallback. Flatness is
+preserved — variants are flat siblings, not subdirectories.
+
+- **spec**: `DocSchema` gains an optional `translations` map
+  (`locale → {label?, description?, content}`) plus `resolveDocLocale(doc, locale)`,
+  which collapses a doc to the best-matching locale (exact → primary subtag
+  `zh-CN`→`zh` → base) with per-field fallback and strips the `translations` map.
+- **cli (collect-docs)**: variant files are folded into the base doc's
+  `translations`; orphan/duplicate variants and the v1 MDX/image bans are linted
+  on variant content too.
+- **rest**: `/meta/doc` (list + single) resolves the request locale from the
+  existing `Accept-Language` / `?locale` negotiation, returns one localized body,
+  and never ships the `translations` map. Doc detail bypasses the response cache
+  so a language switch can't return a stale-locale body.
+- **setup / studio**: the built-in overview docs now ship `zh` translations
+  (TS-first inline `translations`), so a Chinese console renders Chinese docs.
+
+The console already sends the active UI language as `Accept-Language`, so doc
+content localizes on a language switch with no client change.

examples/app-showcase/src/docs/showcase_index.zh.md

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+---
+title: Showcase 示例
+description: showcase 包概览,以及它演示的"文档即元数据"特性。
+---
+
+# Showcase 示例
+
+ObjectStack 协议的活体一致性夹具:每种字段类型、视图类型、图表类型、报表类型和
+动作位置都至少出现一次;当平台新增了本包尚未演示的特性时,覆盖率测试就会失败。
+
+这份手册本身就演示了其中一个特性——**包文档即元数据**(ADR-0046)。扁平
+`src/docs/` 目录里的每个 Markdown 文件都会在构建期编译成一条 `doc` 元数据、随包
+产物一起发布,并在控制台 `/docs/<name>` 渲染。
+
+本页自己必须遵守的撰写规则,见
+[文档撰写指南](./showcase_docs_guide.md)。

packages/apps/setup/src/setup-overview.doc.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ import type { Doc } from '@objectstack/spec/system';
  *
  * Principle (from the HotCRM reference docs): document the *invisible* concepts,
  * not what the Setup UI already shows on screen.
+ *
+ * `translations` carries per-locale variants (ADR-0046 i18n); the REST layer
+ * collapses the doc to the request's `Accept-Language` and serves one body.
  */
 export const SETUP_OVERVIEW_DOC: Doc = {
   name: 'setup_overview',
@@ -52,4 +55,35 @@ object permissions.
 
 See <https://docs.objectstack.ai> for the full security model.
 `,
+  translations: {
+    zh: {
+      label: 'Setup 概览',
+      description: '管理员入门:用户、角色与权限、记录可见性。',
+      content: `# Setup 概览
+
+Setup 是平台的管理员应用。它的界面大多一目了然——本页讲的是界面背后、UI 没有
+明说的概念。完整参考见 <https://docs.objectstack.ai>。
+
+## 用户与认证
+
+每个登录的人都是一条 \`sys_user\` 记录。认证(密码、SSO、API Key、会话)由平台
+的认证层负责,所以在这里创建用户给的是*身份*,不是权限——他能做什么,完全由分配
+给他的角色和权限决定。停用用户会收回登录权,但不删除其记录,从而保留归属与历史。
+
+## 角色与权限
+
+权限集定义用户*能做什么*(可读写哪些对象和字段、能打开哪些应用);角色把用户放进
+组织层级,决定他*能触及哪些记录*。用户的最终访问权是其所有权限集的并集——权限是
+叠加的,你是在授予能力,而不是在收回能力。
+
+## 记录可见性(共享)
+
+对象级权限决定用户能否操作某*类*记录;共享决定他实际能看到该类记录中的*哪些行*。
+可见性从组织级默认(私有或公开)出发,再由角色层级和显式共享规则*放宽*——绝不会被
+悄悄收窄。当用户"看不到本该看到的记录"时,原因几乎总是共享,而不是对象权限。
+
+完整安全模型见 <https://docs.objectstack.ai>。
+`,
+    },
+  },
 };

packages/apps/studio/src/studio-overview.doc.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ import type { Doc } from '@objectstack/spec/system';
  *
  * Principle (from the HotCRM reference docs): document the *invisible*
  * business logic, not what the Studio UI already shows on screen.
+ *
+ * `translations` carries per-locale variants (ADR-0046 i18n); the REST layer
+ * collapses the doc to the request's `Accept-Language` and serves one body.
  */
 export const STUDIO_OVERVIEW_DOC: Doc = {
   name: 'studio_overview',
@@ -55,4 +58,38 @@ safely in one environment before shipping.
 
 See <https://docs.objectstack.ai> for drafts, overlays, and deployment in depth.
 `,
+  translations: {
+    zh: {
+      label: 'Studio 概览',
+      description: '搭建者入门:元数据优先模型、覆盖层优先级、发布与部署。',
+      content: `# Studio 概览
+
+Studio 是搭建者应用——塑造平台*元数据*的工作台:对象、字段、视图、流程、智能体等。
+它的大多数界面一目了然;本页讲的是那条界面上看不见、却支配你在这里一切操作的规则。
+完整参考见 <https://docs.objectstack.ai>。
+
+## 元数据优先
+
+在 Studio 里你编辑的不是运行中的数据库,而是*定义*。每个对象、字段、视图都是一条
+元数据记录,运行的应用由这些元数据生成。这就是为什么 Studio 里的一处改动能同时重塑
+UI 和 API:你改的是模型,而不是修补某个界面。
+
+## 编辑即覆盖层(看不见的规则)
+
+你的改动不会原地修改某个包发布的元数据。Studio 在基础定义之上写一层**覆盖层**,
+运行时按优先级解析两者:未发布的**草稿**在你编辑时对你生效,已发布的**租户覆盖层**
+优先于包的基线,包基线则是兜底(ADR-0005、ADR-0033)。实际后果:基础定义永不被
+销毁,所以覆盖层总能回退以恢复原样——而一个"改不动"的字段,通常是被更高优先级的
+层遮住了。
+
+## 发布与部署
+
+草稿只对你自己可见,直到你**发布**它,把覆盖层提升给整个租户看到。在环境之间搬运
+改动(例如开发 → 生产)是单独的**部署**步骤,不是发布的自动副作用——把两者分开,
+才能让你在一个环境里安全搭建、再上线。
+
+草稿、覆盖层与部署的细节见 <https://docs.objectstack.ai>。
+`,
+    },
+  },
 };

packages/cli/src/utils/collect-docs.test.ts

@@ -138,3 +138,36 @@ describe('collectAndLintDocs', () => {
     expect(issues).toHaveLength(0);
   });
 });
+
+describe('locale variants (ADR-0046 i18n)', () => {
+  it('folds `<base>.<locale>.md` into the base doc translations', () => {
+    write('crm_index.md', '# Overview\n\nEnglish body.'); // no frontmatter → exact content
+    write('crm_index.zh.md', '---\ntitle: 概览\ndescription: 从这里开始。\n---\n\n# 概览\n\n中文正文。');
+    write('crm_index.pt-BR.md', '# Visão geral\n\nCorpo PT.');
+    const { docs, issues } = collectDocsFromSrc(configPath);
+    expect(issues).toHaveLength(0);
+    expect(docs).toHaveLength(1); // variants do NOT become separate docs
+    const doc = docs[0];
+    expect(doc.name).toBe('crm_index');
+    expect(doc.content).toBe('# Overview\n\nEnglish body.'); // base = default
+    expect(doc.translations?.zh?.label).toBe('概览'); // frontmatter title
+    expect(doc.translations?.zh?.description).toBe('从这里开始。');
+    expect(doc.translations?.zh?.content).toContain('中文正文。'); // frontmatter stripped
+    expect(doc.translations?.zh?.content).not.toContain('title:');
+    expect(doc.translations?.['pt-BR']?.content).toBe('# Visão geral\n\nCorpo PT.');
+  });
+
+  it('errors on an orphan variant with no base file', () => {
+    write('crm_index.zh.md', '# 概览');
+    const { docs, issues } = collectDocsFromSrc(configPath);
+    expect(docs).toHaveLength(0);
+    expect(issues.some((i) => i.rule === 'docs/orphan-translation' && i.severity === 'error')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('applies the v1 MDX/image bans to variant content too', () => {
+    write('crm_index.md', '# ok');
+    write('crm_index.zh.md', '# 概览\n\n![img](./x.png)');
+    const issues = lintDocs(collectDocsFromSrc(configPath).docs, 'crm');
+    expect(issues.some((i) => i.rule === 'docs/no-images' && i.path.endsWith('.zh'))).toBe(true);
+  });
+});

packages/cli/src/utils/collect-docs.ts

@@ -26,11 +26,22 @@
 import fs from 'fs';
 import path from 'path';
 
+export interface DocTranslationItem {
+  label?: string;
+  description?: string;
+  content: string;
+}
+
 export interface DocItem {
   name: string;
   label?: string;
   description?: string;
   content: string;
+  /**
+   * Per-locale variants (ADR-0046 i18n), compiled from sibling
+   * `<name>.<locale>.md` files. The base file is the default + fallback.
+   */
+  translations?: Record<string, DocTranslationItem>;
 }
 
 export interface DocIssue {
@@ -41,6 +52,11 @@ export interface DocIssue {
 }
 
 const DOC_NAME_RE = /^[a-z][a-z0-9_]*$/;
+// A locale-variant file is `<base>.<locale>.md` (ADR-0046 i18n), e.g.
+// `crm_lead_guide.zh.md` or `crm_lead_guide.pt-BR.md`. The base stem must be a
+// valid doc name; the locale is a BCP-47-ish tag (primary subtag + optional
+// region). Flatness is unchanged — variants are still flat siblings.
+const DOC_VARIANT_RE = /^([a-z][a-z0-9_]*)\.([A-Za-z]{2,3}(?:-[A-Za-z0-9]{2,8})?)$/;
 
 /** Extract a single-line scalar `key: value` from a frontmatter block. */
 function frontmatterScalar(block: string, key: string): string | undefined {
@@ -89,9 +105,11 @@ function firstHeading(markdown: string): string | undefined {
  */
 export function collectDocsFromSrc(configPath: string): { docs: DocItem[]; issues: DocIssue[] } {
   const docsDir = path.join(path.dirname(configPath), 'src', 'docs');
-  const docs: DocItem[] = [];
   const issues: DocIssue[] = [];
-  if (!fs.existsSync(docsDir)) return { docs, issues };
+  if (!fs.existsSync(docsDir)) return { docs: [], issues };
+
+  const baseByName = new Map<string, DocItem>();
+  const variants: Array<{ base: string; locale: string; item: DocTranslationItem; rel: string }> = [];
 
   for (const entry of fs.readdirSync(docsDir, { withFileTypes: true })) {
     const rel = `src/docs/${entry.name}`;
@@ -107,26 +125,67 @@ export function collectDocsFromSrc(configPath: string): { docs: DocItem[]; issue
     if (!entry.isFile() || !entry.name.endsWith('.md')) continue;
 
     const stem = entry.name.slice(0, -3);
+    const raw = fs.readFileSync(path.join(docsDir, entry.name), 'utf-8');
+    const { title, description, body } = parseFrontmatter(raw);
+
+    // Locale variant `<base>.<locale>.md` (ADR-0046 i18n) — checked before the
+    // bare-name rule, since a variant stem legitimately contains a dot.
+    const variantMatch = stem.match(DOC_VARIANT_RE);
+    if (variantMatch) {
+      variants.push({
+        base: variantMatch[1],
+        locale: variantMatch[2],
+        item: { ...(title ? { label: title } : {}), ...(description ? { description } : {}), content: body },
+        rel,
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
+
     if (!DOC_NAME_RE.test(stem)) {
       issues.push({
         severity: 'error',
         rule: 'docs/filename',
-        message: `Doc filename "${entry.name}" must be snake_case (e.g. crm_lead_guide.md); the stem becomes the doc name.`,
+        message: `Doc filename "${entry.name}" must be snake_case (e.g. crm_lead_guide.md), optionally with a locale suffix (crm_lead_guide.zh.md); the stem becomes the doc name.`,
         path: rel,
       });
       continue;
     }
 
-    const raw = fs.readFileSync(path.join(docsDir, entry.name), 'utf-8');
-    const { title, description, body } = parseFrontmatter(raw);
-    docs.push({
+    baseByName.set(stem, {
       name: stem,
       label: title ?? firstHeading(body),
       ...(description ? { description } : {}),
       content: body,
     });
   }
-  return { docs, issues };
+
+  // Fold variants into their base doc. An orphan variant (no base file) is an
+  // error: it would silently never render (resolution always starts from the
+  // base doc).
+  for (const v of variants) {
+    const base = baseByName.get(v.base);
+    if (!base) {
+      issues.push({
+        severity: 'error',
+        rule: 'docs/orphan-translation',
+        message: `Locale variant "${path.basename(v.rel)}" has no base doc "${v.base}.md" in this package — add the base file or remove the variant.`,
+        path: v.rel,
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (base.translations?.[v.locale]) {
+      issues.push({
+        severity: 'error',
+        rule: 'docs/duplicate-translation',
+        message: `Duplicate "${v.locale}" variant for doc "${v.base}".`,
+        path: v.rel,
+      });
+      continue;
+    }
+    (base.translations ??= {})[v.locale] = v.item;
+  }
+
+  return { docs: [...baseByName.values()], issues };
 }
 
 /**
@@ -199,6 +258,32 @@ export function lintDocs(docs: DocItem[], namespace: string | undefined): DocIss
         path: where,
       });
     }
+
+    // Locale variants get the same v1 content bans — a translated body must
+    // not smuggle in MDX/images that the base file forbids.
+    for (const [locale, variant] of Object.entries(doc.translations ?? {})) {
+      const vScannable = stripCode(variant.content);
+      if (/!\[[^\]]*\]\(/.test(vScannable) || /<img[\s>]/i.test(vScannable)) {
+        issues.push({
+          severity: 'error',
+          rule: 'docs/no-images',
+          message: `Doc "${doc.name}" (${locale}) contains an image reference — not allowed in v1 (ADR-0046 §3.4).`,
+          path: `${where}.${locale}`,
+        });
+      }
+      if (
+        /^\s*import\s+.+\s+from\s+['"]/m.test(vScannable) ||
+        /^\s*export\s+(default|const|function)\s/m.test(vScannable) ||
+        /<[A-Z][A-Za-z0-9]*[\s/>]/.test(vScannable)
+      ) {
+        issues.push({
+          severity: 'error',
+          rule: 'docs/no-mdx',
+          message: `Doc "${doc.name}" (${locale}) appears to contain MDX/JSX — only CommonMark + GFM Markdown is allowed (ADR-0046 §3.3/§3.4).`,
+          path: `${where}.${locale}`,
+        });
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   // Same-package link resolution: `[text](./<name>.md#anchor)` where the

packages/rest/src/rest-server.ts

@@ -1832,6 +1832,25 @@ export class RestServer {
                             }
                         }
 
+                        // ADR-0046 i18n: collapse each doc to the request
+                        // locale (localized label/description, `translations`
+                        // map dropped) before the content-strip step below.
+                        if (req.params.type === 'doc') {
+                            const locale = this.extractLocale(req);
+                            const { resolveDocLocale } = await import('@objectstack/spec/system');
+                            const raw = visible as unknown;
+                            const list: any[] | null = Array.isArray(raw)
+                                ? (raw as any[])
+                                : (raw && typeof raw === 'object' && Array.isArray((raw as any).items))
+                                    ? ((raw as any).items as any[])
+                                    : null;
+                            if (list) {
+                                const localized = list.map((it: any) =>
+                                    it && typeof it === 'object' ? resolveDocLocale(it as any, locale) : it);
+                                visible = Array.isArray(raw) ? localized : { ...(raw as any), items: localized };
+                            }
+                        }
+
                         // ADR-0046: `doc` list responses omit `content` by
                         // default — manuals are the one metadata payload that
                         // grows unbounded, and the list surface only needs
@@ -1958,7 +1977,7 @@ export class RestServer {
                         // `getMetaItem(type, name, packageId)` path runs.
                         const packageScoped = typeof req.query?.package === 'string'
                             && req.query.package.length > 0;
-                        if (metadata.enableCache && p.getMetaItemCached && !isAppType && !isDraftRead && !previewDrafts && !packageScoped) {
+                        if (metadata.enableCache && p.getMetaItemCached && !isAppType && !isDraftRead && !previewDrafts && !packageScoped && req.params.type !== 'doc') {
                             const cacheRequest = {
                                 ifNoneMatch: req.headers['if-none-match'] as string,
                                 ifModifiedSince: req.headers['if-modified-since'] as string,
@@ -2041,6 +2060,17 @@ export class RestServer {
                                 }
                             }
 
+                            // ADR-0046 i18n: collapse the doc to the request
+                            // locale (label/description/content) and drop the
+                            // `translations` map so consumers get one body.
+                            if (req.params.type === 'doc' && visible) {
+                                const locale = this.extractLocale(req);
+                                const { resolveDocLocale } = await import('@objectstack/spec/system');
+                                visible = isMetaEnvelope(visible)
+                                    ? { ...visible, item: resolveDocLocale(visible.item as any, locale) }
+                                    : resolveDocLocale(visible as any, locale);
+                            }
+
                             res.header('Vary', 'Accept-Language');
                             res.json(await this.translateMetaItem(req, req.params.type, environmentId, visible));
                         }