From fefe135fd350079e399cc885ebceb06f78bf49f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ugur Bayindir Date: Wed, 1 Apr 2026 11:35:18 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 1/5] Update HRA skeleton template and regenerate component ontology --- src/templates/hra-skeleton.template.tsv | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/templates/hra-skeleton.template.tsv b/src/templates/hra-skeleton.template.tsv index b10105932..cf88e1175 100644 --- a/src/templates/hra-skeleton.template.tsv +++ b/src/templates/hra-skeleton.template.tsv @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ -ID LABEL A IAO:0000115 SC % SC BFO:0000050 some % A oboInOwl:hasDbXref SPLIT=| AI oboInOwl:inSubset AT dcterms:date^^xsd:dateTime SC dc:contributor some % SC RO:0002175 some % -ID LABEL A IAO:0000115 SC % SC BFO:0000050 some % A oboInOwl:hasDbXref SPLIT=| AI oboInOwl:inSubset AT dcterms:date^^xsd:dateTime SC dc:contributor some % SC RO:0002175 some % +ID LABEL Definition is_a part_of def_xref In_subset Date Contributor Present_in_taxon +ID LABEL A IAO:0000115 SC % SC BFO:0000050 some % >A oboInOwl:hasDbXref SPLIT=| AI oboInOwl:inSubset AT dcterms:date^^xsd:dateTime AI dcterms:contributor AI RO:0002175 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200005 acromial process of scapula A skeletal element projection forming the flattened lateral continuation of the scapular spine, overhanging the glenohumeral joint and articulating with the lateral end of the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint; it provides attachment for the deltoid muscle anteriorly and the trapezius posteriorly. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0006849 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200006 alae of sacrum A skeletal element projection forming the broad, wing-like lateral expansions of the sacral base, lateral to the body of S1, that articulate with the ilium at the sacroiliac joints and support the weight transfer between the vertebral column and the pelvic girdle. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200007 alveolar border of mandible A zone of bone organ forming the superior margin of the mandibular body, bearing the dental alveoli (sockets) that house the roots of the lower teeth. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 From 7384293cc2bf84d2de3630a95abcfcb62a20108c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ugur Bayindir Date: Wed, 1 Apr 2026 10:24:03 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 2/5] Update Hra skeletion prefix file --- src/templates/hra-skeleton-prefixes.owl | 7 +++++-- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/templates/hra-skeleton-prefixes.owl b/src/templates/hra-skeleton-prefixes.owl index 0fe583a48..fde5ea69f 100644 --- a/src/templates/hra-skeleton-prefixes.owl +++ b/src/templates/hra-skeleton-prefixes.owl @@ -8,8 +8,11 @@ Prefix(rdfs:=) Ontology( Declaration(ObjectProperty()) -Declaration(ObjectProperty()) -Declaration(ObjectProperty()) +Declaration(AnnotationProperty()) +Declaration(AnnotationProperty()) +Declaration(AnnotationProperty()) Declaration(AnnotationProperty()) +Declaration(AnnotationProperty()) +Declaration(AnnotationProperty()) ) From 41001d0be270d5431ed5965bba8c01985443015e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ugur Bayindir Date: Wed, 1 Apr 2026 11:16:16 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 3/5] Add Hra skeleton component to uberon-edit file --- src/ontology/uberon-edit.obo | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) diff --git a/src/ontology/uberon-edit.obo b/src/ontology/uberon-edit.obo index 89a2240e9..82263a8e9 100644 --- a/src/ontology/uberon-edit.obo +++ b/src/ontology/uberon-edit.obo @@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ remark: Aurelie Comte, Bill Bug, Catherine Leroy, Duncan Davidson and Trish Whet import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/disjoint_union_over.owl import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/hra_depiction_3d_images.owl import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/hra_subset.owl +import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/hra_skeleton.owl import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/in-subset.owl import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/mappings.owl import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/vasculature_class.owl From a5bf2834cb79e84242ad75bbcd237cf4242541e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ugur Bayindir Date: Wed, 1 Apr 2026 11:29:24 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 4/5] Update Hra skeleton template header order --- src/templates/hra-skeleton.template.tsv | 572 ++++++++++++------------ 1 file changed, 286 insertions(+), 286 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/templates/hra-skeleton.template.tsv b/src/templates/hra-skeleton.template.tsv index cf88e1175..5d677c1f8 100644 --- a/src/templates/hra-skeleton.template.tsv +++ b/src/templates/hra-skeleton.template.tsv @@ -1,286 +1,286 @@ -ID LABEL Definition is_a part_of def_xref In_subset Date Contributor Present_in_taxon -ID LABEL A IAO:0000115 SC % SC BFO:0000050 some % >A oboInOwl:hasDbXref SPLIT=| AI oboInOwl:inSubset AT dcterms:date^^xsd:dateTime AI dcterms:contributor AI RO:0002175 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200005 acromial process of scapula A skeletal element projection forming the flattened lateral continuation of the scapular spine, overhanging the glenohumeral joint and articulating with the lateral end of the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint; it provides attachment for the deltoid muscle anteriorly and the trapezius posteriorly. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0006849 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200006 alae of sacrum A skeletal element projection forming the broad, wing-like lateral expansions of the sacral base, lateral to the body of S1, that articulate with the ilium at the sacroiliac joints and support the weight transfer between the vertebral column and the pelvic girdle. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200007 alveolar border of mandible A zone of bone organ forming the superior margin of the mandibular body, bearing the dental alveoli (sockets) that house the roots of the lower teeth. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200008 anterior arch of first cervical vertebra An arch of atlas forming the anterior curved bar of the ring-shaped atlas (C1), spanning between the two lateral masses and bearing the anterior tubercle on its outer surface; it articulates with the dens of the axis via a synovial facet on its posterior surface. UBERON:0005814 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200009 anterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone A skeletal element projection situated at the medial end of the posterior border of each lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, projecting posteromedially above the cavernous sinus; it provides attachment for the free edge of the tentorium cerebelli and serves as an important surgical landmark for the internal carotid artery. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001677 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200010 anterior gluteal line of ilium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming a curved ridge on the gluteal surface of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), running from the iliac crest toward the greater sciatic notch and separating the areas of origin of the gluteus medius superiorly from the gluteus minimus inferiorly. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200011 anterior sacral foramina of sacrum A bone foramen located on the pelvic (anterior) surface of the sacrum; one of four pairs of openings arranged in two vertical rows that transmit the ventral rami of the upper four sacral spinal nerves and accompanying blood vessels into the pelvic cavity. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200012 anterior tubercle of first cervical vertebra A skeletal element projection situated on the anterior midline surface of the anterior arch of the atlas (C1), serving as the attachment point for the anterior longitudinal ligament and the longus colli muscle. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200013 anterolateral tubercle of tibia A skeletal element projection situated on the anterolateral aspect of the proximal tibial epiphysis, just inferior to the lateral articular surface. It serves as an attachment site for the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus and elements of the anterolateral ligamentous complex of the knee. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0000979 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200014 arcuate line of ilium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming a smooth, rounded ridge on the medial surface of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), continuing the pelvic brim from the sacral promontory toward the iliopectineal eminence and demarcating the boundary between the greater and lesser pelvis. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200015 articular surface for cuboid bone of calcaneus A zone of bone organ forming the anterior articular facet on the distal end of the calcaneus that articulates with the proximal surface of the cuboid bone, constituting the calcaneocuboid joint and contributing to the transverse tarsal (Chopart) joint complex. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001450 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200016 articular tubercle of squamous part of temporal bone A skeletal element projection forming the anterior articular eminence of the temporomandibular joint, situated at the root of the zygomatic process on the inferior aspect of the squamous part. Its convex surface articulates with the condylar head of the mandible during jaw opening and provides the functional articular surface against which the condyle translates. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200017 auricular surface of ilium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the ear-shaped articular surface on the posteromedial aspect of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), covered by fibrocartilage and articulating with the corresponding auricular surface of the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200018 base of first distal phalanx of foot A zone of bone organ forming the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the hallux, bearing a concave articular surface that articulates with the head of the proximal phalanx of the first toe at the interphalangeal joint of the hallux. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004315 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200019 base of first distal phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ forming the proximal articular end of the distal phalanx of the thumb, presenting a concave surface that articulates with the head of the proximal phalanx at the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004337 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200020 base of first proximal phalanx of foot A zone of bone organ forming the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the hallux, bearing a concave articular facet that articulates with the first metatarsal head at the first metatarsophalangeal joint and receives the insertions of the flexor hallucis brevis tendons via the sesamoid complex. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004332 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200021 base of first proximal phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ forming the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, presenting an oval concave articular surface that receives the head of the first metacarpal at the metacarpophalangeal joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004338 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200022 body of calcaneus A zone of bone organ forming the large central mass of the calcaneus, situated between the calcaneal tuberosity posteriorly and the articular surfaces anteriorly, and bearing the posterior and middle talar articular facets on its superior surface. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001450 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200023 body of second cervical vertebra A bony vertebral centrum forming the compact cylindrical body of the axis (C2), which is smaller and more robust than typical cervical vertebra bodies; it bears the dens (odontoid process) on its superior surface and articulates inferiorly with the body of the third cervical vertebra. UBERON:0001075 UBERON:0001093 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200024 body of sphenoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the central, cuboidal portion of the sphenoid bone, located at the base of the skull between the ethmoid bone anteriorly and the basilar part of the occipital bone posteriorly; it contains the paired sphenoidal air sinuses and bears the sella turcica on its superior surface. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001677 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200025 calcaneal sulcus of calcaneus A surface groove oriented obliquely on the superior surface of the calcaneus, running between the posterior and middle talar articular facets. Together with the corresponding sulcus tali of the talus it forms the tarsal sinus, which lodges the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001450 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200026 coccygeal cornu of coccyx A skeletal element projection arising from the superior surface of the first coccygeal segment as a pair of upward-projecting rounded processes that articulate with the sacral cornua to form the sacrococcygeal joint. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001350 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Coccyx http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200027 coronoid fossa of humerus A bone fossa situated on the anterior surface of the distal humerus, immediately superior to the medial trochlea, that accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna at full elbow flexion. It is separated from the olecranon fossa on the posterior surface only by a thin plate of bone. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0000976 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Humerus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200028 costal groove of first rib A surface groove running along the inferior border of the body of the first rib that lodges the intercostal nerve and vessels. In the first rib this groove is less pronounced than in typical ribs because the first rib is nearly horizontal and broad, with its superior surface facing upward rather than medially. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0004601 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200029 costal groove of twelfth rib A surface groove on the inferior border of the body of the twelfth rib that accommodates the subcostal nerve and accompanying vessels. The groove is poorly defined or absent in the twelfth rib, which is the shortest rib and lacks the typical inferior curvature that shelters neurovascular structures in typical ribs. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0004611 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200030 costal notches of sternum A zone of bone organ comprising the articular facets on the lateral borders of the sternum that receive the costal cartilages of ribs 1–7; the manubrium bears notches for ribs 1 and the upper half of rib 2, the body bears notches for ribs 2–7, and the xiphisternal junction may bear a partial notch for rib 7. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000975 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sternum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200031 crista galla of ethmoid bone A crest projecting superiorly from the midline of the cribriform plate into the anterior cranial fossa, providing the anterior attachment for the falx cerebri. UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0001679 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200032 digastric fossa of mandible A shallow bone fossa on the inferior surface of the mandibular body adjacent to the symphysis menti, one on each side of the midline, serving as the attachment site for the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200033 dorsum sellae of sphenoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the posterior vertical plate of the sella turcica on the superior surface of the sphenoid body, bounded above by the posterior clinoid processes; it forms the posterior wall of the hypophyseal fossa and, together with the clivus of the occipital bone, supports the basilar artery and pons. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001677 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200034 ethmoidal air cells of ethmoid bone A zone of bone organ comprising the paired lateral masses (labyrinths) of the ethmoid bone, consisting of multiple thin-walled, interconnected cavities that form part of the paranasal sinuses and lie between the medial orbital wall and the lateral nasal wall. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001679 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200035 ethmoidal bulla of ethmoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the largest and most prominent of the anterior ethmoidal air cells, which bulges into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity lateral to the middle nasal concha and superior to the semilunar hiatus. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001679 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200036 external auditory meatus of squamous part of temporal bone A bone foramen forming the lateral opening of the external acoustic canal, bounded superiorly and posteriorly by the squamous and tympanic parts of the temporal bone. It transmits sound waves toward the tympanic membrane and is partly formed by the tympanic plate inferiorly. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200038 facet of eleventh rib A zone of bone organ on the head of the eleventh rib that forms a single, undivided articular surface for articulation exclusively with the body of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. Because the eleventh rib is an atypical floating rib, its head bears only one facet rather than the two demifacets found on typical ribs. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004610 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200039 facet of first rib A zone of bone organ on the head of the first rib forming a single, oval articular surface that articulates exclusively with the body of the first thoracic vertebra. Unlike typical ribs, the head of the first rib is not divided into two demifacets because it does not articulate with the vertebra above. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004601 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200040 facet of tenth rib A zone of bone organ on the head of the tenth rib that is typically a single articular surface articulating with the body of the tenth thoracic vertebra alone. The tenth rib is transitional: in most individuals its head bears only one facet, though it may occasionally retain a small superior demifacet. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004609 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200041 facet of twelfth rib A zone of bone organ on the head of the twelfth rib forming a single, rounded articular surface that articulates exclusively with the body of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. The twelfth rib is a floating atypical rib and, like the eleventh, has an undivided head with no superior demifacet. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004611 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200042 fibular facet of tibia A zone of bone organ forming the slightly concave articular surface on the inferoposterior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia, which articulates with the head of the fibula at the proximal tibiofibular joint. It is oriented posterolaterally and is reinforced by the anterior and posterior ligaments of the proximal tibiofibular joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000979 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200043 fibular notch of tibia A bone foramen forming the concave depression on the lateral aspect of the distal tibial epiphysis that receives the distal end of the fibula, constituting the tibial component of the inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis. Its surfaces are roughened for attachment of the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments and the interosseous ligament. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0000979 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200044 fibular trochlea of calcaneus A skeletal element projection forming the small, ridge-like eminence on the lateral surface of the calcaneus, situated between the superior and inferior peroneal retinacula; it separates the tendon grooves of the fibularis brevis above from the fibularis longus below. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001450 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200045 foramen ovale of sphenoid bone A bone foramen located in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, posterior to the foramen rotundum and lateral to the foramen lacerum; it transmits the mandibular nerve (cranial nerve V3), the accessory meningeal artery, and the lesser petrosal nerve. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001677 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200046 fossa for lacrimal sac of lacrimal bone A bone fossa situated on the anterior part of the medial orbital wall, formed by the frontal process of the maxilla and the lacrimal bone; it lodges the lacrimal sac and communicates inferiorly with the nasolacrimal canal, which drains tears into the inferior nasal meatus. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001680 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lacrimal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200047 frontal crest of frontal bone A crest projecting from the internal surface of the frontal bone in the midline, descending from the foramen cecum toward the groove for the superior sagittal sinus. It provides attachment for the falx cerebri. UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0000209 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200048 glabella of frontal bone A zone of bone organ forming the smooth, slightly convex midline prominence of the frontal bone located between the two superciliary arches, just above the nasion. It is the most anterior projecting point of the forehead in the median plane. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000209 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200050 gluteal surface of ilium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the broad, posterolateral convex surface of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), bounded by the iliac crest superiorly and the acetabulum inferiorly, and providing the origin for the three gluteal muscles and the tensor fasciae latae. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200051 gluteal tuberosity of femur A skeletal element projection situated on the posterior surface of the femoral shaft, lateral to the linea aspera, extending from the base of the greater trochanter inferiorly. It presents as a roughened ridge or elongated eminence and serves as the primary insertion site for the gluteus maximus muscle. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0000981 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Femur http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200052 granula foveaolae of parietal bone A zone of bone organ consisting of small pits on the inner surface of the parietal bone, most numerous near the sagittal suture, that lodge the arachnoid granulations (Pacchionian bodies) responsible for reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid into the dural venous sinuses. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000210 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Parietal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200053 greater palatine canal of maxilla A bone foramen forming a vertical canal at the junction of the maxilla and perpendicular plate of the palatine bone that transmits the greater palatine nerve and descending palatine vessels from the pterygopalatine fossa to the hard palate. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0002397 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Maxilla http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200054 greater wings of sphenoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the large lateral expansions of the sphenoid body that extend outward and upward to contribute to the floor of the middle cranial fossa, the lateral wall of the orbit, and the temporal and infratemporal fossae; each wing bears the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001677 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200055 groove for fibularis longus tendon of cuboid A surface groove forming the oblique channel on the plantar surface of the cuboid bone, through which the tendon of fibularis longus passes as it crosses the sole of the foot to insert on the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001455 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cuboid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200056 groove for middle meningeal a. of parietal bone A surface groove on the internal surface of the parietal bone that lodges the anterior and posterior branches of the middle meningeal artery as they course across the inner aspect of the calvaria, supplying the dura mater. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0000210 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Parietal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200057 groove for nasopalatine nerve of vomer A surface groove running obliquely on the anteroinferior surface of the vomer, lodging the nasopalatine nerve and accompanying vessels as they course from the nasal septum toward the incisive canal. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0002396 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Vomer http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200058 groove for posterior deep temporal artery of squamous part of temporal bone A surface groove running vertically on the temporal surface of the squamous part of the temporal bone, lodging the posterior deep temporal artery as it ascends to supply the temporalis muscle. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200060 groove for subclavian artery of first rib A surface groove on the superior surface of the first rib, located posterior to the scalene tubercle, that lodges the subclavian artery as it passes over the rib between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. This groove is a distinctive feature of the first rib and is absent on all other ribs. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0004601 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200061 groove for subclavian vein of first rib A surface groove on the superior surface of the first rib, situated anterior to the scalene tubercle, that accommodates the subclavian vein as it crosses the rib. This groove lies medial to the groove for the subclavian artery and is a unique feature of the first rib, reflecting its relationship with the major vessels of the upper limb. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0004601 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200062 groove for superior sagittal sinus of frontal bone A surface groove on the internal surface of the frontal bone, running in the midline along the superior margin, that lodges the anterior portion of the superior sagittal sinus where it begins near the foramen cecum. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0000209 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200063 groove for superior sagittal sinus of parietal bone A surface groove running along the sagittal margin on the internal surface of the parietal bone, lodging the superior sagittal sinus as it courses posteriorly toward the confluence of sinuses at the internal occipital protuberance. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0000210 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Parietal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200064 groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus muscle of calcaneus A surface groove running longitudinally along the inferior aspect of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus, through which the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle passes distally toward the hallux. The tendon is held within the groove by a fibrous retinaculum. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001450 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200065 groove for transverse sinus of squamous part of occipital bone A surface groove curving horizontally across the internal surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone, one on each side, lodging the transverse sinus as it passes from the confluence of sinuses toward the sigmoid sinus. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001676 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Occipital_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200066 groove for vertebral artery of first cervical vertebra A surface groove curving along the superior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas (C1), transmitting the vertebral artery and the first cervical nerve as they pass from the transverse foramen toward the foramen magnum. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200067 head of radius of radius A zone of bone organ forming the disc-shaped proximal end of the radius, articulating superiorly with the capitulum of the humerus and medially with the radial notch of the ulna; it is encircled by the annular ligament and enables forearm pronation and supination. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001423 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Radius_(bone) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200068 head of second distal phalanx of foot A zone of bone organ forming the distal articular end of the second distal phalanx of the foot, presenting a smooth convex surface at the tip of the second toe; it bears no distal articulation and is capped by the ungual tuberosity. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004316 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200069 head of second distal phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ forming the distal end of the distal phalanx of the second toe of the foot, presenting a smooth convex articular surface that articulates with the base of the middle phalanx at the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second digit. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004311 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200070 head of second middle phalanx of foot A zone of bone organ forming the distal articular end of the middle phalanx of the second toe, presenting a pulley-shaped trochlear surface that articulates with the base of the second distal phalanx of the foot at the distal interphalangeal joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004324 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200071 head of second middle phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ forming the distal end of the middle phalanx of the second toe of the foot, bearing a pulley-shaped (trochlear) articular surface that articulates with the base of the distal phalanx at the distal interphalangeal joint of the second digit. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004320 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200072 head of third middle phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ forming the distal articular end of the middle phalanx of the third finger, presenting a trochlear articular surface that articulates with the base of the third distal phalanx at the distal interphalangeal joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004321 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200073 head of ulna of ulna A zone of bone organ forming the rounded distal end of the ulna, articulating with the ulnar notch of the radius via its convex articular circumference and with the triangular fibrocartilage complex on its inferior surface, participating in the distal radioulnar joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001424 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ulna http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200074 hiatus and groove of petrous part of temporal bone for greater petrosal nerve A bone foramen and associated groove on the anterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone, through which the greater petrosal nerve emerges from the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve (CN VII) and courses anteromedially toward the foramen lacerum and pterygoid canal. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200075 hiatus and groove of petrous part of temporal bone for lesser petrosal nerve A bone foramen and associated groove on the anterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone, lying lateral to the hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve, through which the lesser petrosal nerve (a branch of CN IX) exits the middle ear and courses toward the foramen ovale to reach the parotid gland via the otic ganglion. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200076 hyoid region bone A zone of bone organ comprising the structural regions of the hyoid bone collectively, including the body, the greater cornua, and the lesser cornua. It encompasses the full extent of this U-shaped unpaired bone situated in the anterior neck at the level of the third cervical vertebra, between the mandible and the thyroid cartilage. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001685 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200080 iliac tubercle of ilium of os coxa A skeletal element projection forming a thickened prominence on the outer lip of the iliac crest of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), situated approximately five centimetres posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine and serving as a palpable landmark used in clinical procedures such as lumbar puncture positioning. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200081 iliac tuberosity of ilium of os coxa A skeletal element projection forming a roughened elevation on the posterior part of the medial surface of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), located superior and posterior to the auricular surface, providing attachment for the posterior sacroiliac ligaments and the erector spinae. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200082 iliopubic ramus of os coxa A skeletal element projection forming the bony bar of the os coxa (innominate bone) that connects the body of the ilium to the pubis, constituting the superior and medial boundary of the obturator foramen and carrying the obturator groove on its inferior surface. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200084 inferior articular facet of eighth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the eighth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T9 at the zygapophyseal joint, contributing to the typical thoracic pattern of constrained rotation and limited sagittal mobility. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0011050 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200085 inferior articular facet of eleventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. As T11 is a transitional vertebra, its inferior articular facets are oriented more in the sagittal plane, similar to lumbar vertebrae, and articulate with the superior articular facets of T12, permitting greater flexion-extension mobility. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004635 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200086 inferior articular facet of fifth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the fifth cervical vertebra (C5), presenting an obliquely oriented smooth articular surface directed anteroinferiorly and laterally to articulate with the superior articular facet of C6. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004614 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200087 inferior articular facet of fifth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the fifth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T6, forming the zygapophyseal joint at the upper-mid thoracic junction that limits flexion-extension and permits limited rotation. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004630 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200088 inferior articular facet of first cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior aspect of the lateral mass of the atlas (C1), presenting a flat to slightly concave articular surface that articulates with the superior articular facet of the axis to form the lateral atlantoaxial joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200089 inferior articular facet of first thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the first thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and articulating with the superior articular facet of T2. It is oriented in the coronal plane, characteristic of thoracic vertebrae, constraining rotation and contributing to zygapophyseal joint formation between T1 and T2. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004626 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200090 inferior articular facet of fourth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4), presenting an obliquely oriented smooth articular surface directed anteroinferiorly and laterally to articulate with the superior articular facet of C5. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004613 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200091 inferior articular facet of fourth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the fourth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T5, forming the zygapophyseal joint that constrains movement between adjacent mid-upper thoracic vertebrae. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004629 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200092 inferior articular facet of ninth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the ninth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T10, forming the zygapophyseal joint at the transitional zone where thoracic facet orientation begins to shift toward the lumbar sagittal pattern. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004633 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200093 inferior articular facet of second cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the axis (C2), presenting a smooth articular surface oriented in the same oblique plane as typical cervical zygapophyseal joints, articulating with the superior articular facet of the third cervical vertebra. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001093 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200094 inferior articular facet of second thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the second thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T3, forming the zygapophyseal joint that limits flexion and facilitates the slight rotatory mobility characteristic of the mid-thoracic region. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004627 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200095 inferior articular facet of seventh cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), presenting a smooth articular surface that articulates with the superior articular facet of the first thoracic vertebra, at the cervicothoracic transition. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004616 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200096 inferior articular facet of seventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the seventh thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T8, forming the zygapophyseal joint near the apex of the thoracic kyphosis where coronal facet orientation dominates. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004632 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200097 inferior articular facet of sixth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6), presenting an obliquely oriented smooth articular surface directed anteroinferiorly and laterally to articulate with the superior articular facet of C7. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004615 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200098 inferior articular facet of sixth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the sixth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T7, forming the zygapophyseal joint that contributes to stability and guides movement in the mid-thoracic spine. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004631 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200099 inferior articular facet of tenth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the tenth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T11 at the zygapophyseal joint; T10 is a transitional vertebra and its inferior facets may begin to adopt a more sagittally oriented profile approaching the lumbar pattern. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004634 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200100 inferior articular facet of third cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the third cervical vertebra (C3), presenting an obliquely oriented smooth articular surface directed anteroinferiorly and laterally to articulate with the superior articular facet of C4. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004612 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200101 inferior articular facet of third thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the third thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T4, forming the zygapophyseal joint that limits axial rotation and contributes to the stability of the upper thoracic spine. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004628 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200102 inferior articular facet of twelfth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. T12 is the most transitional thoracic vertebra; its inferior articular facets face laterally, closely resembling the lumbar pattern, and articulate with the superior articular facets of L1 at the thoracolumbar junction. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004636 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200103 inferior articular process of first cervical vertebra A process of vertebra projecting inferiorly from the lateral mass of the atlas (C1), bearing a smooth articular facet that forms the lateral atlantoaxial joint with the superior articular process of the axis; it is positioned further anteriorly than in typical cervical vertebrae. UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200104 inferior articular process of second cervical vertebra A process of vertebra projecting inferolaterally from the vertebral arch of the axis (C2), bearing an articular facet oriented in the typical cervical zygapophyseal plane to articulate with the superior articular process of the third cervical vertebra. UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0001093 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200105 inferior costal facet of eleventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the inferior demi-facet on the posterolateral body of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. It is present when T11 participates in a shared costal articulation with the head of rib 11 alongside the superior costal facet of T12; however, T11 more typically bears a single complete costal facet for the head of rib 11. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004635 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200106 inferior costal facet of tenth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the inferior demi-facet on the posterolateral body of the tenth thoracic vertebra. In most individuals T10 bears a single complete costal facet rather than demifacets, but when present the inferior costal facet participates in articulation with the head of the tenth rib together with the superior costal facet of T11. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004634 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200107 inferior mental spine of mandible A small skeletal element projection on the posterior surface of the mandibular symphysis forming the lower pair of genial tubercles, serving as the bilateral origin for the geniohyoid muscles. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200108 inferior nuchal line of squamous part of occipital bone A zone of bone organ forming the lower of two transverse ridges on the outer surface of the squamous occipital bone, extending laterally from the external occipital crest. It marks the attachment of the rectus capitis posterior major and minor muscles. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001676 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Occipital_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200109 inferior vertebral notch of first cervical vertebra A bone foramen forming the inferior indentation of the pedicle region of the atlas (C1), which together with the superior vertebral notch of C2 contributes to the boundaries of the first cervical intervertebral foramen, through which the first cervical nerve passes. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200110 infraglenoid tubercle of scapula A roughened skeletal element projection situated at the inferior margin of the glenoid cavity of the scapula, serving as the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0006849 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200112 infraspinous fossa of scapula A broad, triangular bone fossa occupying the inferior three-quarters of the posterior surface of the scapula below the scapular spine, providing the area of origin for the infraspinatus muscle. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0006849 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200113 intercondylar notch of femur A bone foramen forming the deep intercondylar fossa between the medial and lateral condyles on the posterior aspect of the distal femur. It provides passage for the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and is partially enclosed anteriorly by the patellar surface. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0000981 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Femur http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200114 intermediate sacral crest of sacrum A crest running longitudinally on the posterior surface of the sacrum, medial to the posterior sacral foramina, formed by the fusion of the articular processes of the sacral vertebrae and representing the homologue of the articular pillars seen in lumbar vertebrae. UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200115 internal auditory meatus of petrous part of temporal bone A bone foramen opening on the posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone, transmitting the facial nerve (CN VII), the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), and the labyrinthine artery from the posterior cranial fossa into the internal acoustic canal. Its fundus is divided into compartments by the transverse crest and Bill's bar. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200116 internal occipital protuberance of squamous part of occipital bone A skeletal element projection on the internal surface of the squamous occipital bone at the center of the cruciform eminence, marking the confluence of sinuses where the superior sagittal, straight, and occipital sinuses meet. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001676 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Occipital_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200117 interosseus border of tibia A zone of bone organ forming the sharp, prominent lateral crest of the tibial shaft, running from the fibular articular facet proximally to the anterior aspect of the fibular notch distally. It provides the tibial attachment for the crural interosseous membrane connecting the tibia and fibula throughout the length of the leg. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000979 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200118 ischial body of ischium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the thick, upper part of the ischium of the os coxa (innominate bone), contributing the posteroinferior portion of the acetabulum superiorly and bearing the ischial spine posteriorly, and providing attachment for several hip muscles and ligaments. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200120 lacrimal fossa of frontal bone A bone fossa located in the lateral part of the orbital plate of the frontal bone, forming a shallow depression just inside the anterolateral orbital rim that lodges the orbital lobe of the lacrimal gland. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0000209 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200121 lamina of first cervical vertebra A vertebra lamina forming the posterior curved plate of the atlas (C1) that completes the posterior arch, connecting the lateral masses to the posterior tubercle; it is thinner and more curved than laminae of typical cervical vertebrae, lacking a spinous process. UBERON:0004662 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200122 lamina of second cervical vertebra A vertebra lamina forming the broad, thick posterior plate of the axis (C2) neural arch, connecting the pedicles to the large bifid spinous process; it is notably robust compared with lower cervical laminae and serves as attachment for the semispinalis cervicis muscle. UBERON:0004662 UBERON:0001093 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200123 lateral process of tuberosity of calcaneus A skeletal element projection forming the smaller, more lateral of the two inferior prominences of the calcaneal tuberosity. It provides attachment for the abductor digiti minimi muscle and the lateral slip of the plantar aponeurosis. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001450 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200125 lateral sacral crest of sacrum A crest running along the lateral aspect of the posterior sacral surface, lateral to the posterior sacral foramina, formed by fusion of the transverse processes of sacral vertebrae and providing attachment for the posterior sacroiliac and sacrotuberous ligaments. UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200126 lesser wings of sphenoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the pair of triangular horizontal plates that project laterally from the anterosuperior aspect of the sphenoid body, lying in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and forming the roof of the orbit posteriorly; each lesser wing is connected to the body by two roots enclosing the optic canal. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001677 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200127 linea terminalis of sacrum A zone of bone organ forming the sacral contribution to the linea terminalis, constituting the posterior arc of the pelvic brim and demarcating the boundary between the greater and lesser pelvis at the level of the sacral promontory and alae. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200128 lunate surface of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the crescent-shaped articular cartilage-covered surface within the acetabulum of the os coxa (innominate bone), lining the peripheral rim of the acetabular socket and articulating directly with the head of the femur, with the non-articular acetabular fossa occupying the central gap. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200129 mammillary process of fifth lumbar vertebra A process of vertebra located on the posterior aspect of the superior articular process of the fifth lumbar vertebra, forming the most inferior of the lumbar mammillary processes. It is especially prominent at this level, providing multifidus attachment and forming part of the lumbosacral articular region adjacent to the sacral ala. UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0004621 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200130 mammillary process of first lumbar vertebra A process of vertebra located on the posterior surface of the superior articular process of the first lumbar vertebra, presenting as a small bony tubercle. It serves as an attachment site for the multifidus muscle and marks the most superior of the lumbar mammillary processes, situated just below the thoracolumbar junction. UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0004617 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200131 mammillary process of fourth lumbar vertebra A process of vertebra projecting posteriorly from the superior articular process of the fourth lumbar vertebra as a prominent bony tubercle. It provides attachment for the multifidus muscle and, at this level, lies in close relation to the iliolumbar ligament attachments that stabilize the lower lumbar spine. UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0004620 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200132 mammillary process of second lumbar vertebra A process of vertebra projecting posteriorly from the superior articular process of the second lumbar vertebra as a rounded bony tubercle. It provides attachment for fibers of the multifidus muscle and is one of five paired lumbar mammillary processes that increase in prominence from L1 to L5. UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0004618 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200133 mammillary process of third lumbar vertebra A process of vertebra arising from the posterior surface of the superior articular process of the third lumbar vertebra, forming a distinct bony projection at the mid-lumbar level. It serves as an attachment point for the multifidus muscle and is situated at the level of the vertebra most accessible for posterior spinal procedures. UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0004619 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200134 mandibular angle of mandible A zone of bone organ at the postero-inferior junction of the mandibular body and ramus, providing attachment for the masseter muscle on its lateral surface and the medial pterygoid muscle on its medial surface. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200135 mandibular foramen of mandible A bone foramen on the medial surface of the mandibular ramus, guarded anteriorly by the lingula, through which the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels enter the mandibular canal. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200136 mandibular fossa of squamous part of temporal bone A bone fossa forming the concave articular surface on the inferior aspect of the squamous part, bounded anteriorly by the articular tubercle and posteriorly by the postglenoid tubercle and tympanic plate. It receives the condylar head of the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200137 mandibular notch of mandible A bone foramen forming the deep concavity on the superior border of the mandibular ramus between the coronoid process anteriorly and the condylar process posteriorly, through which the masseteric nerve and vessels pass to reach the masseter muscle. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200138 mastoid foramen of mastoid part of temporal bone A bone foramen situated on the posterior surface of the mastoid part near the occipitomastoid suture, transmitting a mastoid emissary vein that connects the sigmoid sinus intracranially with the occipital or posterior auricular veins extracranially, along with a small branch of the occipital artery. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200139 mastoid notch of mastoid part of temporal bone A bone foramen forming a deep groove on the medial surface of the mastoid process, immediately medial to the mastoid process tip. It provides attachment for the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and lies lateral to the groove for the occipital artery. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200140 medial malleolus of tibia A skeletal element projection forming the prominent bony process that descends from the medial aspect of the distal tibia, constituting the medial wall of the ankle mortise. Its lateral surface bears a comma-shaped articular facet for the medial surface of the talar body, and its apex and posterior groove give attachment to the deltoid ligament complex and tendons of the deep posterior compartment, respectively. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0000979 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200141 medial process of tuberosity of calcaneus A skeletal element projection forming the larger, more medial of the two inferior prominences of the calcaneal tuberosity. It is the principal origin of the plantar aponeurosis and provides attachment for the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001450 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200142 medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the narrower, more vertically oriented medial lamina of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, curving posterolaterally at its inferior end to terminate as the pterygoid hamulus; its medial surface forms the lateral boundary of the choana and provides attachment for the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the pterygomandibular raphe. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001677 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200143 median sacral crest of sacrum A crest running in the midline on the posterior surface of the sacrum, formed by the fusion of the spinous processes of the upper sacral vertebrae, typically comprising three or four tubercles and providing attachment for the supraspinous ligament and erector spinae muscles. UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200144 mental protuberance of mandible A triangular skeletal element projection forming the prominence of the bony chin at the anterior midline of the mandibular body, bounded laterally by the mental tubercles and considered a defining morphological feature of modern Homo sapiens. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200145 mylohyoid groove of mandible A surface groove on the medial surface of the mandibular ramus, running obliquely anteroinferiorly from the mandibular foramen toward the body of the mandible, in which the mylohyoid nerve and accompanying vessels travel. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200146 mylohyoid line of mandible A diagonal bony ridge forming a zone of bone organ on the internal surface of the mandibular body, extending from below the last molar tooth posteriorly to the mental spine anteriorly, providing origin for the mylohyoid muscle and attachment for the pterygomandibular raphe. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200147 nasolacrimal canal of maxilla A bone foramen forming a canal between the maxilla, lacrimal bone, and inferior nasal concha that transmits the nasolacrimal duct from the lacrimal sac in the medial orbit inferiorly to open into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0002397 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Maxilla http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200148 neck of radius of radius A zone of bone organ comprising the short, constricted segment of the radius immediately distal to the head, connecting the head to the radial tuberosity and serving as the site of attachment of the annular ligament. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001423 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Radius_(bone) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200149 non-articular facet of tubercle of eighth rib A skeletal element projection forming the rough, lateral portion of the tubercle of the eighth rib that provides attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It is distinct from the smooth medial articular facet and is directed posteriorly and inferiorly, becoming increasingly lateral in position as rib number increases. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0010757 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200150 non-articular facet of tubercle of fifth rib A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, non-articular area on the lateral aspect of the tubercle of the fifth rib that serves as the attachment site for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It is separated from the smooth medial articular facet and faces posteriorly. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004605 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200151 non-articular facet of tubercle of first rib A skeletal element projection constituting the roughened, non-articular region of the tubercle of the first rib that provides attachment for the costotransverse ligament. In the first rib the tubercle is prominent on the superior surface, and its non-articular facet is directed posteriorly toward the transverse process of the first thoracic vertebra. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004601 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200152 non-articular facet of tubercle of fourth rib A skeletal element projection forming the rough, lateral portion of the tubercle of the fourth rib that anchors the lateral costotransverse ligament. It lies adjacent to but distinct from the smooth articular facet and is directed posteriorly toward the transverse process of the fourth thoracic vertebra. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004604 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200153 non-articular facet of tubercle of ninth rib A skeletal element projection constituting the roughened lateral area of the tubercle of the ninth rib that affords attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It faces increasingly posterolaterally compared with upper ribs, reflecting the gradually changing orientation of the costotransverse articulation. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004608 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200154 non-articular facet of tubercle of second rib A skeletal element projection forming the rough, non-articular portion of the tubercle of the second rib that provides attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It is adjacent to the articular facet and faces posteriorly toward the transverse process of the second thoracic vertebra. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004602 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200155 non-articular facet of tubercle of seventh rib A skeletal element projection constituting the roughened, non-articular region of the tubercle of the seventh rib that serves as the insertion point for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It is situated lateral to the articular facet and is directed posterolaterally. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004607 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200156 non-articular facet of tubercle of sixth rib A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, non-articular portion of the tubercle of the sixth rib that provides attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It occupies the lateral part of the tubercle, distinct from the smooth medial articular facet, and faces posterolaterally. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004606 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200157 non-articular facet of tubercle of tenth rib A skeletal element projection forming the rough, non-articular area on the tubercle of the tenth rib that provides attachment for the costotransverse ligament. The tenth rib is transitional in character, and its tubercle is less prominent than in upper ribs, with the non-articular facet directed more laterally. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004609 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200158 non-articular facet of tubercle of third rib A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, non-articular portion of the tubercle of the third rib that anchors the lateral costotransverse ligament. It lies on the lateral aspect of the tubercle adjacent to the smooth articular facet and faces posteriorly toward the transverse process of the third thoracic vertebra. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004603 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200160 obturator groove of pubis of os coxa A surface groove forming the oblique channel running along the inferior surface of the superior pubic ramus of the pubis of the os coxa (innominate bone), roofed by the obturator membrane to form the obturator canal through which the obturator nerve and vessels pass from the pelvis to the thigh. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200164 olfactory foramina of ethmoid bone A bone foramen comprising the multiple small perforations of the cribriform plate through which the olfactory nerve filaments (fila olfactoria) pass from the olfactory mucosa of the nasal roof to the olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001679 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200166 pecten pubis of pubis of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the sharp, ridge-like superior border of the superior pubic ramus of the pubis of the os coxa (innominate bone), extending from the pubic tubercle to the iliopectineal eminence and forming part of the pelvic brim, with the pectineus muscle attaching to its anterior surface. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200167 pectinal line of femur A zone of bone organ forming a raised ridge on the posterior surface of the proximal femoral shaft, running obliquely from the base of the lesser trochanter to the medial lip of the linea aspera. It serves as the insertion site for the pectineus muscle. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000981 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Femur http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200168 pedicle of first cervical vertebra A pedicle of vertebra forming the short lateral strut of the atlas (C1) connecting the lateral mass to the anterior and posterior arches; it is broad and low, bearing the superior and inferior vertebral notches that contribute to the first and second cervical intervertebral foramina. UBERON:0001078 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200169 pedicle of second cervical vertebra A pedicle of vertebra forming the robust lateral pillar of the axis (C2) connecting the vertebral body to the vertebral arch; it is directed obliquely and bears the superior vertebral notch on its upper surface, contributing to the second cervical intervertebral foramen. UBERON:0001078 UBERON:0001093 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200170 perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone A zone of bone organ forming a thin, flat, vertical midline lamina that descends from the cribriform plate to articulate inferiorly with the septal cartilage and the vomer, contributing to the bony nasal septum. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001679 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200171 petrotympanic fissure of squamous part of temporal bone A bone foramen forming a narrow fissure between the tympanic and squamous parts of the temporal bone at the anterior wall of the mandibular fossa. It transmits the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve and the anterior tympanic branch of the maxillary artery into the infratemporal fossa. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200172 posterior arch of first cervical vertebra An arch of atlas forming the posterior curved bar of the ring-shaped atlas (C1), connecting the two lateral masses posteriorly; it bears the posterior tubercle at its midpoint and carries the groove for the vertebral artery on its superior surface. UBERON:0005814 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200173 posterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone A skeletal element projection situated at each superolateral angle of the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone, projecting anterolaterally; it provides attachment for the tentorium cerebelli and the petrosphenoidal ligament, and serves as a landmark for the abducens nerve as it bends over the petrous apex. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001677 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200174 posterior gluteal line of ilium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming a curved ridge near the posterior margin of the gluteal surface of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), extending from the iliac crest toward the greater sciatic notch and demarcating the small posterior area of origin of the gluteus maximus from the larger area of the gluteus medius. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200175 posterior sacral foramina of sacrum A bone foramen located on the dorsal surface of the sacrum; one of four pairs of openings that transmit the dorsal rami of the upper four sacral spinal nerves, which supply the multifidus muscle and the skin over the lower back. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200177 postglenoid tubercle of squamous part of temporal bone A skeletal element projection forming a small eminence immediately posterior to the mandibular fossa on the inferior surface of the squamous part. It constitutes the posterior boundary of the articular surface of the temporomandibular joint and abuts the tympanic plate. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200179 pterygoid fossa of sphenoid bone A bone fossa formed by the concave medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate facing the pterygoid process, situated between the lateral and medial pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone; it provides origin for the medial pterygoid muscle and the lower belly of the lateral pterygoid muscle. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001677 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200180 pterygoid fovea of mandible A small roughened zone of bone organ on the anterior surface of the mandibular neck, just inferior to the articular surface of the condyle, serving as the insertion for the lateral pterygoid muscle. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200181 pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid bone A skeletal element projection forming the slender, hook-like inferior tip of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, curving laterally and inferiorly; it serves as a pulley around which the tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle turns before spreading into the soft palate. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001677 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200182 pubic body of pubis of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the flattened, medial main portion of the pubis of the os coxa (innominate bone), presenting a medial symphyseal surface that articulates with the contralateral pubic body at the pubic symphysis and a superior surface bearing the pubic crest and pubic tubercle. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200183 pubic crest of pubis of os coxa A crest forming the thick, rough, horizontal ridge on the superior surface of the pubic body of the pubis of the os coxa (innominate bone), extending medially from the pubic tubercle to the pubic symphysis and providing attachment for the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles. UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200185 pubic tubercle of pubis of os coxa A skeletal element projection forming a small but prominent rounded eminence on the superior border of the pubic body of the pubis of the os coxa (innominate bone), situated lateral to the pubic symphysis and serving as the medial attachment of the inguinal ligament and a landmark for the superficial inguinal ring. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001272 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200186 radial fossa of humerus A bone fossa situated on the anterior surface of the lateral distal humerus, immediately superior to the capitulum, that receives the anterior rim of the head of the radius during full flexion of the elbow at the humeroradial joint. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0000976 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Humerus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200187 radial groove of humerus A surface groove spiraling obliquely across the posterior surface of the humeral shaft from the medial to the lateral side, separating the origins of the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii. It transmits the radial nerve and the deep brachial artery, and is also termed the musculospiral groove. UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0000976 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Humerus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200188 radial tuberosity of radius A skeletal element projection forming the oval, roughened eminence on the medial aspect of the radius just distal to the neck, serving as the distal insertion point of the biceps brachii tendon. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001423 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Radius_(bone) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200189 sacral apex of sacrum A zone of bone organ constituting the narrow, tapered inferior extremity of the sacrum, bearing a small oval facet that articulates with the base of the coccyx at the sacrococcygeal symphysis. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200190 sacral canal of sacrum A bone foramen forming the continuation of the vertebral canal within the sacrum, running the full length of the bone and enclosing the cauda equina, the filum terminale, and the meningeal coverings of the spinal cord, communicating inferiorly with the exterior through the sacral hiatus. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200191 sacral cornu of sacrum A skeletal element projection at the inferior margin of the sacral hiatus, one of a pair of downward-projecting bony processes representing the inferior articular processes of S5 that articulate with the coccygeal cornua and serve as palpable landmarks for caudal epidural anaesthesia. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200192 sacral hiatus of sacrum A bone foramen forming the inferior opening of the sacral canal, resulting from the failure of fusion of the laminae of S4 and S5, and bounded laterally by the sacral cornua; it provides clinical access to the epidural space for caudal anaesthetic injections. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200193 sacral promontory of sacrum A zone of bone organ constituting the prominent anterior projection of the superior surface of S1, forming the posteriormost point of the pelvic inlet and an important obstetric landmark used in measuring the diagonal conjugate diameter of the pelvis. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200194 sacral spine of sacrum A skeletal element projection on the dorsal surface of the sacrum representing a discrete spinous tubercle derived from a sacral spinous process, contributing to the median sacral crest and serving as an attachment point for the posterior sacral ligaments and deep back muscles. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200195 sacral tuberosity of sacrum A skeletal element projection forming a rough, irregular eminence on the lateral aspect of the posterior sacral surface, superior to the auricular surface, that provides attachment for the interosseous and posterior sacroiliac ligaments binding the sacrum to the ilium. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0003690 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200196 scalene tubercle of first rib A skeletal element projection on the superior surface of the first rib, situated between the groove for the subclavian vein anteriorly and the groove for the subclavian artery posteriorly, that serves as the insertion of the anterior scalene muscle. It is a prominent surgical landmark unique to the first rib. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004601 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200197 scaphoid tubercle of scaphoid A skeletal element projection on the palmar surface of the scaphoid bone at its distal pole, forming the lateral pillar of the carpal tunnel and serving as an attachment point for the flexor retinaculum and the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0006849 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200198 scapular notch of scapula A semicircular bone foramen on the superior border of the scapula, medial to the base of the coracoid process, through which the suprascapular nerve passes beneath the superior transverse scapular ligament to enter the supraspinous fossa. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0006849 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200199 scapular spine of scapula A prominent, triangular skeletal element projection arising from the posterior surface of the scapula and running obliquely from the medial border to the acromion, dividing the posterior scapular surface into the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae and providing attachment for the trapezius and deltoid muscles. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0006849 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200201 shaft of first distal phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ comprising the flattened, tapering body of the distal phalanx of the thumb, lying between the base and the ungual tuberosity and providing dorsal and palmar surfaces for attachment of the nail bed and soft tissue pulp. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004337 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200202 shaft of first proximal phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ comprising the elongated cylindrical body of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, connecting the base to the head and providing attachment surfaces for the flexor and extensor tendons of the thumb. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004338 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200203 shaft of radius of radius A zone of bone organ comprising the elongated body of the radius between the radial tuberosity proximally and the distal epiphysis, prismatic in cross-section with a sharp interosseous border medially that gives attachment to the interosseous membrane. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001423 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Radius_(bone) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200204 shaft of ulna of ulna A zone of bone organ comprising the elongated body of the ulna between the coronoid process proximally and the head distally, triangular in cross-section with a sharp lateral interosseous border that provides attachment for the interosseous membrane. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001424 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ulna http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200205 soleal line of tibia A zone of bone organ forming an oblique ridge on the posterior surface of the proximal tibial shaft, running from the fibular facet of the lateral condyle downward and medially to the medial border of the tibia. It marks the proximal attachment of the soleus muscle and the transverse intermuscular septum separating the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000979 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200206 spinous process of first cervical vertebra A neural spine reduced to a small posterior tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas (C1), representing a vestigial spinous process that lacks the bifid tip seen in typical cervical vertebrae and serves as attachment for the ligamentum nuchae and the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle. UBERON:0001076 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200207 spinous process of second cervical vertebra A neural spine projecting posteriorly and inferiorly from the vertebral arch of the axis (C2), characteristically large and bifid at its tip, serving as a palpable landmark and providing attachment for the ligamentum nuchae, semispinalis cervicis, and inferior oblique capitis muscles. UBERON:0001076 UBERON:0001093 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200208 sternal angle of sternum A zone of bone organ forming the transverse ridge on the anterior surface of the sternum at the manubriosternal junction, palpable as a distinct anterior angulation; it lies at the level of the second costal cartilage and marks the plane separating the superior from the inferior mediastinum. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000975 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sternum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200209 sternal end of eighth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the eighth rib, which connects to the costal cartilage of the eighth rib. The costal cartilage of the eighth rib does not attach directly to the sternum but joins the cartilage of the seventh rib, making the eighth rib a false rib. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0010757 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200210 sternal end of eleventh rib A zone of bone organ forming the pointed anterior extremity of the eleventh rib that tapers to a tip covered by a small cap of hyaline cartilage. As a floating rib, the eleventh rib does not connect to the sternum or to the costal arch, and its sternal end is free within the abdominal musculature. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004610 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200211 sternal end of fifth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the fifth rib that articulates with the costal cartilage of the fifth rib. The costal cartilage of the fifth rib connects to the sternum at the level of the xiphosternal junction, making the fifth rib a true rib. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004605 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200212 sternal end of first rib A zone of bone organ forming the medial extremity of the first rib that articulates with a broad, flat costal cartilage. The costal cartilage of the first rib has a primary cartilaginous joint with the manubrium of the sternum, and the sternal end of the first rib is widened and flattened, consistent with the flat, horizontal orientation of the rib. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004601 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200213 sternal end of fourth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the fourth rib that connects to the costal cartilage of the fourth rib. The fourth rib is a true rib whose costal cartilage articulates directly with the lateral border of the sternum, typically at the level of the sternal angle. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004604 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200214 sternal end of ninth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the ninth rib, which connects to its costal cartilage. The costal cartilage of the ninth rib joins the costal arch formed by the cartilages of ribs seven through ten, so the ninth rib does not reach the sternum directly and is classified as a false rib. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004608 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200215 sternal end of second rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the second rib that connects to the costal cartilage of the second rib. The second rib is a true rib whose costal cartilage articulates with the sternum at the sternal angle (angle of Louis), the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004602 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200216 sternal end of seventh rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the seventh rib that connects to its costal cartilage. The seventh rib is the lowest true rib, and its costal cartilage typically articulates directly with the inferior end of the body of the sternum at or near the xiphosternal junction. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004607 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200217 sternal end of sixth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the sixth rib that connects to the costal cartilage of the sixth rib. The sixth rib is a true rib whose costal cartilage articulates with the lateral border of the body of the sternum. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004606 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200218 sternal end of tenth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the tenth rib, which ends in a small cap of cartilage that fuses with the costal arch rather than attaching independently to the sternum. The tenth rib is a false rib and, together with ribs eight and nine, contributes to the inferior costal margin. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004609 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200219 sternal end of third rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the third rib that connects to the costal cartilage of the third rib. The third rib is a true rib whose costal cartilage articulates with the lateral border of the body of the sternum between the second and fourth costal notches. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004603 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200220 sternal end of twelfth rib A zone of bone organ forming the pointed free anterior extremity of the twelfth rib that terminates in a small cartilaginous tip. As the lowest floating rib, the twelfth rib does not connect to the sternum or costal arch, and its sternal end lies within the posterior abdominal wall musculature posterior to the kidney. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004611 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200221 sternal region bone A zone of bone organ encompassing the full extent of the sternum as the flat, elongated bone forming the midline of the anterior thoracic wall, comprising the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process, and providing articular surfaces for the clavicles and costal cartilages of ribs 1–7 as well as attachment for thoracic and abdominal muscles. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000975 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sternum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200222 stylomastoid foramen of petrous part of temporal bone A bone foramen located on the inferior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone between the base of the styloid process and the mastoid process. It is the point of exit of the facial nerve (CN VII) from the facial canal into the parotid region. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200223 sublingual fossa of mandible A smooth bone fossa on the medial surface of the mandibular body, superior to the mylohyoid line anteriorly, in which the sublingual salivary gland is lodged. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200224 submandibular fossa of mandible A bone fossa on the medial surface of the mandibular body and ramus, inferior to the mylohyoid line and posterior to the sublingual fossa, in which the superficial part of the submandibular salivary gland is accommodated. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200225 supercilary arch of frontal bone A zone of bone organ forming a curved bony ridge on the external surface of the frontal bone, arching above each orbit immediately superior to the supraorbital margin. It overlies the frontal sinus and is more prominent in males. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000209 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200226 superior articular facet of eighth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the eighth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T7 at the zygapophyseal joint, contributing to the paired synovial joints that guide movement in the lower mid-thoracic spine. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0011050 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200227 superior articular facet of eleventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra, oriented in the coronal plane and facing posteriorly. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T10 at the zygapophyseal joint; T11 is a transitional vertebra where facet morphology begins the shift toward the lumbar sagittal pattern. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004635 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200228 superior articular facet of fifth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the superior articular process of the fifth cervical vertebra (C5), presenting a smooth, obliquely oriented articular surface directed posterosuperiorly and medially to articulate with the inferior articular facet of C4 within the zygapophyseal joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004614 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200229 superior articular facet of fifth lumbar vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the articular surface on the superior articular process of the fifth lumbar vertebra, with a concave, medially facing surface oriented in the sagittal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of the fourth lumbar vertebra at the L4–L5 zygapophyseal joint, the most commonly affected lumbar facet joint in degenerative disease. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004621 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200230 superior articular facet of fifth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the fifth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T4 at the zygapophyseal joint, contributing to the segmental stability of the mid-upper thoracic spine. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004630 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200231 superior articular facet of first cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas (C1), presenting a kidney-shaped, concave articular surface directed superiorly and medially to receive the occipital condyle, forming the atlanto-occipital joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200232 superior articular facet of first lumbar vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the articular surface on the superior articular process of the first lumbar vertebra, oriented in the sagittal plane with a concave, medially facing articular surface. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, forming the uppermost zygapophyseal joint of the lumbar column. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004617 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200233 superior articular facet of first thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the first thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and slightly superiorly. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of C7 at the cervicothoracic junction, where facet orientation transitions from the more horizontal cervical pattern to the coronal thoracic pattern. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004626 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200234 superior articular facet of fourth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the superior articular process of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4), presenting a smooth, obliquely oriented articular surface directed posterosuperiorly and medially to articulate with the inferior articular facet of C3 within the zygapophyseal joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004613 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200235 superior articular facet of fourth lumbar vertebra A zone of bone organ comprising the concave, medially facing articular surface on the superior articular process of the fourth lumbar vertebra, oriented in the sagittal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of the third lumbar vertebra, contributing to the L3–L4 zygapophyseal joint, which bears significant compressive and shear loads in the lower lumbar spine. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004620 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200236 superior articular facet of fourth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the fourth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T3 at the zygapophyseal joint, forming one of the paired intervertebral articulations that limit flexion and rotation in the upper thoracic spine. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004629 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200237 superior articular facet of ninth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the ninth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T8 at the zygapophyseal joint in the lower thoracic spine, where the typical thoracic coronal facet orientation is maintained. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004633 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200238 superior articular facet of second cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the flat, laterally oriented superior articular process of the axis (C2), presenting an oval convex articular surface that faces superiorly and laterally to articulate with the inferior articular facet of the atlas in the lateral atlantoaxial joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001093 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200239 superior articular facet of second lumbar vertebra A zone of bone organ comprising the concave, medially facing articular surface borne on the superior articular process of the second lumbar vertebra, oriented in the sagittal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of the first lumbar vertebra, forming the L1–L2 zygapophyseal joint and resisting rotational forces in the lumbar spine. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004618 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200240 superior articular facet of second thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the second thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented predominantly in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T1 at the zygapophyseal joint, guiding movement and limiting axial rotation in the upper thoracic spine. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004627 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200241 superior articular facet of seventh cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the superior articular process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), presenting a smooth articular surface directed posterosuperiorly to articulate with the inferior articular facet of C6, similar in orientation to other lower cervical zygapophyseal facets. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004616 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200242 superior articular facet of seventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the seventh thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T6 at the zygapophyseal joint near the apex of the thoracic kyphosis, where coronal facet orientation maximally constrains axial rotation. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004632 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200243 superior articular facet of sixth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the superior articular process of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6), presenting a smooth, obliquely oriented articular surface directed posterosuperiorly and medially to articulate with the inferior articular facet of C5 within the zygapophyseal joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004615 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200244 superior articular facet of sixth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the sixth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T5 at the zygapophyseal joint, contributing to spinal stability at a level near the thoracic kyphotic apex. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004631 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200245 superior articular facet of tenth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the tenth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T9 at the zygapophyseal joint; T10 represents the beginning of the lower thoracic transitional region where facet orientation starts to shift. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004634 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200246 superior articular facet of third cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the superior articular process of the third cervical vertebra (C3), presenting a smooth, obliquely oriented articular surface directed posterosuperiorly and medially to articulate with the inferior articular facet of C2 within the zygapophyseal joint. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004612 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200247 superior articular facet of third lumbar vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the concave articular surface on the superior articular process of the third lumbar vertebra, oriented predominantly in the sagittal plane and facing medially. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of the second lumbar vertebra at the L2–L3 zygapophyseal joint, the most mobile segment in the mid-lumbar region. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004619 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200248 superior articular facet of third thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the third thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T2 at the zygapophyseal joint, contributing to the stability and constrained mobility characteristic of the upper thoracic column. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004628 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200249 superior articular facet of twelfth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal or slightly oblique plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T11; T12 is markedly transitional and its superior facets retain the thoracic orientation while the inferior facets adopt the lumbar pattern. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004636 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200250 superior articular process of first cervical vertebra A process of vertebra forming the broad lateral mass of the atlas (C1) on its superior aspect, bearing the kidney-shaped concave facet that receives the occipital condyle to form the atlanto-occipital joint, enabling nodding movements of the head. UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200251 superior articular process of second cervical vertebra A process of vertebra projecting laterally and superiorly from the body-pedicle junction of the axis (C2), bearing a flat oval articular facet that articulates with the inferior articular facet of the atlas; it is positioned anterior to the plane of the lower zygapophyseal joints. UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0001093 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200252 superior costal facet of eleventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the superior demi-facet on the posterolateral body of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. It articulates with the head of rib 11; T11 typically bears a single large complete costal facet on the body for rib 11, which lacks a transverse costal facet on the transverse process, reflecting the atypical nature of this vertebra. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004635 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200253 superior mental spine of mandible A small skeletal element projection on the posterior surface of the mandibular symphysis forming the upper pair of genial tubercles, serving as the bilateral origin for the genioglossus muscles. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001684 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200254 superior nuchal line of squamous part of occipital bone A zone of bone organ forming the upper of two curved ridges on the external surface of the squamous occipital bone, extending laterally from the external occipital protuberance. It provides attachment for the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and splenius capitis muscles. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001676 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Occipital_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200255 superior vertebral notch of first cervical vertebra A bone foramen forming the superior indentation on the posterior aspect of the lateral mass of the atlas (C1), which when combined with the groove for the vertebral artery transmits the vertebral artery and the first cervical (suboccipital) nerve. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001092 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200256 superior vertebral notch of second cervical vertebra A bone foramen forming the superior indentation on the upper border of the pedicle of the axis (C2), which together with the inferior vertebral notch of the atlas contributes to the first cervical intervertebral foramen, transmitting the second cervical nerve. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001093 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200257 supinator fossa of ulna A bone fossa forming the concave depression on the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna, just distal to the radial notch, providing the origin for the deep fibres of the supinator muscle. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001424 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ulna http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200259 supramastoid crest of squamous part of temporal bone A crest forming a horizontal ridge on the outer surface of the squamous part of the temporal bone, running posteriorly from the root of the zygomatic process superior to the external auditory meatus. It represents the inferior margin of the temporal surface and serves as a landmark for the suprameatal triangle. UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200260 supraorbital notch or foramen of frontal bone A bone foramen or notch in the supraorbital margin of the frontal bone, positioned approximately one-third of the way along the margin from its medial end. It transmits the supraorbital nerve and vessels to the forehead and scalp. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0000209 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200261 supraspinous fossa of scapula A triangular bone fossa on the posterior surface of the scapula superior to the scapular spine, providing origin for the supraspinatus muscle, whose tendon passes beneath the coracoacromial arch to insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus. UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0006849 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200262 sustentaculum tali of calcaneus A zone of bone organ forming a horizontal, shelf-like medial projection of the calcaneus that supports the head and neck of the talus. Its superior surface bears the middle talar articular facet, its inferior surface is grooved for the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus, and it provides attachment for the plantar calcaneonavicular and medial talocalcaneal ligaments. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001450 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200264 tibial plateau of tibia A zone of bone organ comprising the expanded proximal articular surface of the tibia, consisting of the medial and lateral condyles, which together form the superior articular surface of the knee joint. Each condyle bears a meniscus-covered articular facet that articulates with the corresponding femoral condyle, and the two condyles are separated by the intercondylar eminence. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000979 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200265 transverse costal facet of eighth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the eighth thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the eighth rib at the costotransverse joint. The transverse processes are progressively shorter and more posteriorly directed at this level, and the facet is correspondingly reduced compared to those of upper thoracic vertebrae. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0011050 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200266 transverse costal facet of eleventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the transverse process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. T11 is atypical in that it generally lacks a true transverse costal facet, as rib 11 is a floating rib without a tubercular articulation at the transverse process; when present this facet is vestigial and clinically variable. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004635 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200267 transverse costal facet of fifth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the fifth thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the fifth rib at the costotransverse joint. As thoracic vertebrae descend, the transverse process shortens and its costal facet becomes relatively smaller, though it remains distinct at T5. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004630 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200268 transverse costal facet of first thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the first thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the first rib at the costotransverse joint. T1 has well-developed transverse processes with distinct transverse costal facets that, together with the costal facets of the body, contribute to the firm articulation supporting the first rib. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004626 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200269 transverse costal facet of fourth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the fourth thoracic vertebra, presenting as a smooth concave articular area that articulates with the tubercle of the fourth rib at the costotransverse joint. Together with the body demifacets it completes the bony articulation of rib 4 with the thoracic column. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004629 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200270 transverse costal facet of ninth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the ninth thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the ninth rib at the costotransverse joint. T9 represents the lower limit of the typical transverse costal facet pattern; below this level the transverse processes diminish and the facets become vestigial or absent. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004633 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200271 transverse costal facet of second thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the second thoracic vertebra, presenting as a smooth oval articular area that articulates with the tubercle of the second rib at the costotransverse joint. This facet, together with the demifacets on the vertebral body, anchors the second rib to the thoracic column. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004627 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200272 transverse costal facet of seventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the seventh thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the seventh rib at the costotransverse joint. The transverse processes decrease in length inferiorly through the thoracic series, and the facet at T7 is smaller than those of the upper thoracic vertebrae. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004632 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200273 transverse costal facet of sixth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the sixth thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the sixth rib at the costotransverse joint. It is a smooth, oval synovial articular area that guides rib rotation during breathing and contributes to thoracic cage stability. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004631 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200274 transverse costal facet of tenth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the tenth thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the tenth rib at the costotransverse joint. T10 bears a transverse costal facet, though it is variably developed; the single complete costal facet on its body accommodates the head of the tenth rib. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004634 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200275 transverse costal facet of third thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the third thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the third rib at the costotransverse joint. It forms one component of the paired costovertebral articulations that stabilize and guide rib movement during respiration. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004628 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200278 transverse ridges of sternum A zone of bone organ comprising the low, horizontal bony ridges on the anterior surface of the sternal body that mark the lines of fusion between adjacent sternebrae during development, typically three ridges dividing the body into four segments and remaining palpable on the adult sternum. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000975 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sternum http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200279 trigeminal impression of petrous part of temporal bone A zone of bone organ forming a shallow depression near the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone on its anterosuperior surface. It lodges the trigeminal ganglion (Gasserian ganglion) within Meckel's cave and is covered by a fold of dura mater. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200281 tuberosity of fifth distal phalanx of hand A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, horseshoe-shaped ungual tuberosity at the distal end of the fifth distal phalanx, anchoring the fibrous septa of the fingertip pulp and providing support for the nail bed of the little finger. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004314 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200282 tuberosity of first distal phalanx of hand A skeletal element projection forming the broad, roughened ungual tuberosity at the distal end of the thumb's distal phalanx, providing attachment for the fibrous septa of the fingertip pulp and support for the nail plate. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004337 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200283 tuberosity of fourth distal phalanx of hand A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, horseshoe-shaped ungual tuberosity at the distal end of the fourth distal phalanx, anchoring the fibrous septa of the ring finger's pulp and supporting the overlying nail. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004313 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200284 tuberosity of second distal phalanx of hand A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, horseshoe-shaped ungual tuberosity at the distal end of the second distal phalanx, providing attachment for the fibrous septa of the index fingertip pulp and underlying support for the nail plate. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004311 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200285 tuberosity of third distal phalanx of hand A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, horseshoe-shaped ungual tuberosity at the distal end of the third distal phalanx, anchoring the fibrous septa of the middle fingertip pulp and providing structural support for the nail bed. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004312 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200286 tympanic caniliculus of petrous part of temporal bone A zone of bone organ forming a small canal in the floor of the jugular fossa of the petrous part of the temporal bone, transmitting the tympanic nerve (Jacobson's nerve), a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), to the tympanic cavity where it contributes to the tympanic plexus. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200287 vertebra prominens of seventh cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ constituting the long, non-bifid spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), which projects further posteriorly than those of adjacent vertebrae and is readily palpable through the skin at the base of the neck, serving as a key clinical landmark. UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004616 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200288 vertebral arch of eighth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the eighth thoracic vertebra, consisting of pedicles and laminae that together with the body form the vertebral canal. The arch bears steeply inclined articular processes in the coronal plane, transverse processes with costal facets for rib 8, and a long spinous process directed sharply inferiorly. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0011050 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200289 vertebral arch of eleventh thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the eleventh thoracic vertebra, composed of pedicles and laminae that enclose the spinal canal at the lower thoracic transitional level. T11 has short, blunt transverse processes that typically lack costal facets; the articular processes show mixed thoracic and lumbar orientation, and the spinous process is shorter and more horizontally directed than at mid-thoracic levels. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004635 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200290 vertebral arch of fifth cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the fifth cervical vertebra (C5), composed of two pedicles and two laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen; it bears the bifid spinous process posteriorly and the superior and inferior articular processes laterally. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004614 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200291 vertebral arch of fifth lumbar vertebra A neural arch of the fifth lumbar vertebra, formed by the thickest, most robust pedicles of the lumbar column and broad laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen at the lumbosacral junction. Its transverse processes are large and pyramid-shaped, providing the origin of the strong iliolumbar ligaments that anchor L5 to the iliac crests. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004621 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200292 vertebral arch of fifth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the fifth thoracic vertebra, consisting of pedicles and laminae that together with the body enclose the spinal canal at mid-thoracic level. Its spinous process is long and steeply inclined inferiorly, and the transverse processes project posterolaterally bearing facets for the tubercle of rib 5. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004630 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200293 vertebral arch of first lumbar vertebra A neural arch of the first lumbar vertebra, consisting of paired pedicles and laminae that together with the vertebral body enclose the vertebral foramen and protect the upper lumbar spinal cord and cauda equina. The arch bears short, stout transverse processes directed laterally and a broad, horizontally projecting spinous process; it lies immediately below the thoracolumbar junction. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004617 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200294 vertebral arch of first thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the first thoracic vertebra, consisting of paired pedicles and laminae that together with the vertebral body enclose the vertebral foramen. It bears the transverse processes with costal facets, the superior and inferior articular processes, and a long inferiorly directed spinous process, providing attachment for deep back muscles and spinal ligaments. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004626 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200295 vertebral arch of fourth cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4), composed of two pedicles and two laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen; it bears a bifid spinous process posteriorly and the zygapophyseal articular processes laterally. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004613 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200296 vertebral arch of fourth lumbar vertebra A neural arch of the fourth lumbar vertebra, consisting of robust pedicles and wide laminae that form the vertebral foramen enclosing the cauda equina at the level where the iliac crests are typically palpated as a clinical landmark. Its broad, horizontal spinous process and lateral transverse processes serve as attachment sites for the iliolumbar ligament. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004620 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200297 vertebral arch of fourth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the fourth thoracic vertebra, composed of paired pedicles and laminae that unite at the spinous process. It bears the superior and inferior articular processes oriented in the coronal plane and the transverse processes with costal facets for rib 4, with a long spinous process that overlaps the level below. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004629 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200298 vertebral arch of ninth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the ninth thoracic vertebra, composed of pedicles and broad laminae enclosing the spinal canal in the lower thoracic region. The spinous process is long and inferiorly directed, and the transverse processes carry facets for the tubercle of rib 9, near the lower limit of the typical transverse costal facet series. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004633 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200299 vertebral arch of second cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the axis (C2), composed of two robust pedicles and two broad laminae; it bears the characteristically large bifid spinous process posteriorly and supports the superior articular processes that articulate with the atlas. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0001093 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200300 vertebral arch of second lumbar vertebra A neural arch of the second lumbar vertebra, formed by two short, broad pedicles and two wide, flat laminae that enclose the vertebral foramen at a level where the spinal cord typically terminates. Its stout transverse processes project laterally and slightly posteriorly, and its broad, horizontal spinous process gives attachment to the thoracolumbar fascia and erector spinae. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004618 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200301 vertebral arch of second thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the second thoracic vertebra, composed of paired pedicles projecting posterolaterally from the vertebral body and paired laminae uniting at the spinous process. The arch bears the articular processes and transverse processes with costal facets, and gives attachment to the ligamenta flava, interspinous ligaments, and deep back musculature. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004627 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200302 vertebral arch of seventh cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), composed of two pedicles and two laminae; it bears the long non-bifid vertebra prominens spinous process posteriorly, marking the transition to the thoracic spine. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004616 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200303 vertebral arch of seventh thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the seventh thoracic vertebra, composed of pedicles and laminae that protect the spinal cord at the kyphotic apex. Its spinous process is among the most nearly horizontal of the thoracic series and is the longest, making T7 a key landmark; transverse processes carry distinct costal facets for rib 7. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004632 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200304 vertebral arch of sixth cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6), composed of two pedicles and two laminae; it bears a bifid spinous process posteriorly and provides attachment for the semispinalis and multifidus muscles. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004615 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200305 vertebral arch of sixth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the sixth thoracic vertebra, comprising paired pedicles and broad laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen. Located near the thoracic kyphotic apex, it bears a long, inferiorly inclined spinous process and transverse processes with costal facets that articulate with the tubercle of the sixth rib. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004631 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200306 vertebral arch of tenth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the tenth thoracic vertebra, consisting of pedicles and laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen at the lower thoracic level. T10 is transitional; its arch bears transverse processes that may have a small costal facet for rib 10 and articular processes that begin to reflect the approaching thoracolumbar morphology. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004634 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200307 vertebral arch of third cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the third cervical vertebra (C3), composed of two pedicles and two laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen; it bears a small bifid spinous process posteriorly and the zygapophyseal articular processes laterally. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004612 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200308 vertebral arch of third lumbar vertebra A neural arch of the third lumbar vertebra, comprising paired pedicles and broad laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen at the mid-lumbar level within the cauda equina region. It bears the longest transverse processes of any lumbar vertebra, projecting laterally and providing extensive attachment for the psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004619 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200309 vertebral arch of third thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the third thoracic vertebra, composed of short pedicles and broad laminae that enclose the vertebral foramen and protect the spinal cord. The arch carries the transverse processes bearing transverse costal facets and a long, steeply inclined spinous process characteristic of the mid-upper thoracic region. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004628 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200310 vertebral arch of twelfth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, composed of pedicles and laminae enclosing the spinal canal at the thoracolumbar junction. T12 is the most atypical thoracic vertebra; its arch bears mamillary and accessory processes resembling lumbar features, lacks transverse costal facets, and its inferior articular facets adopt the lumbar sagittal orientation. UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004636 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200338 zygomatic process of squamous part of temporal bone A skeletal element projection extending anteriorly from the squamous part of the temporal bone to articulate with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone, completing the zygomatic arch. Its superior border gives attachment to the temporal fascia, and the masseter muscle attaches to its inferior surface. UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001678 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 -http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200339 zygomaticofacial foramen of zygomatic bone A bone foramen situated on the anterolateral surface of the zygomatic bone, typically appearing as a single small opening lateral to the infraorbital margin; it transmits the zygomaticofacial nerve, a cutaneous branch of the zygomatic nerve (from CN V2), and accompanying blood vessels to supply the skin over the malar prominence of the cheek. UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001683 https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +ID LABEL Definition def_xref is_a part_of In_subset Date Contributor Present_in_taxon +ID LABEL A IAO:0000115 >A oboInOwl:hasDbXref SPLIT=| SC % SC BFO:0000050 some % AI oboInOwl:inSubset AT dcterms:date^^xsd:dateTime AI dcterms:contributor AI RO:0002175 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200005 acromial process of scapula A skeletal element projection forming the flattened lateral continuation of the scapular spine, overhanging the glenohumeral joint and articulating with the lateral end of the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint; it provides attachment for the deltoid muscle anteriorly and the trapezius posteriorly. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0006849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200006 alae of sacrum A skeletal element projection forming the broad, wing-like lateral expansions of the sacral base, lateral to the body of S1, that articulate with the ilium at the sacroiliac joints and support the weight transfer between the vertebral column and the pelvic girdle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200007 alveolar border of mandible A zone of bone organ forming the superior margin of the mandibular body, bearing the dental alveoli (sockets) that house the roots of the lower teeth. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200008 anterior arch of first cervical vertebra An arch of atlas forming the anterior curved bar of the ring-shaped atlas (C1), spanning between the two lateral masses and bearing the anterior tubercle on its outer surface; it articulates with the dens of the axis via a synovial facet on its posterior surface. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0005814 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200009 anterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone A skeletal element projection situated at the medial end of the posterior border of each lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, projecting posteromedially above the cavernous sinus; it provides attachment for the free edge of the tentorium cerebelli and serves as an important surgical landmark for the internal carotid artery. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200010 anterior gluteal line of ilium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming a curved ridge on the gluteal surface of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), running from the iliac crest toward the greater sciatic notch and separating the areas of origin of the gluteus medius superiorly from the gluteus minimus inferiorly. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200011 anterior sacral foramina of sacrum A bone foramen located on the pelvic (anterior) surface of the sacrum; one of four pairs of openings arranged in two vertical rows that transmit the ventral rami of the upper four sacral spinal nerves and accompanying blood vessels into the pelvic cavity. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200012 anterior tubercle of first cervical vertebra A skeletal element projection situated on the anterior midline surface of the anterior arch of the atlas (C1), serving as the attachment point for the anterior longitudinal ligament and the longus colli muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200013 anterolateral tubercle of tibia A skeletal element projection situated on the anterolateral aspect of the proximal tibial epiphysis, just inferior to the lateral articular surface. It serves as an attachment site for the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus and elements of the anterolateral ligamentous complex of the knee. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0000979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200014 arcuate line of ilium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming a smooth, rounded ridge on the medial surface of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), continuing the pelvic brim from the sacral promontory toward the iliopectineal eminence and demarcating the boundary between the greater and lesser pelvis. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200015 articular surface for cuboid bone of calcaneus A zone of bone organ forming the anterior articular facet on the distal end of the calcaneus that articulates with the proximal surface of the cuboid bone, constituting the calcaneocuboid joint and contributing to the transverse tarsal (Chopart) joint complex. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200016 articular tubercle of squamous part of temporal bone A skeletal element projection forming the anterior articular eminence of the temporomandibular joint, situated at the root of the zygomatic process on the inferior aspect of the squamous part. Its convex surface articulates with the condylar head of the mandible during jaw opening and provides the functional articular surface against which the condyle translates. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200017 auricular surface of ilium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the ear-shaped articular surface on the posteromedial aspect of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), covered by fibrocartilage and articulating with the corresponding auricular surface of the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200018 base of first distal phalanx of foot A zone of bone organ forming the proximal end of the distal phalanx of the hallux, bearing a concave articular surface that articulates with the head of the proximal phalanx of the first toe at the interphalangeal joint of the hallux. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004315 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200019 base of first distal phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ forming the proximal articular end of the distal phalanx of the thumb, presenting a concave surface that articulates with the head of the proximal phalanx at the interphalangeal joint of the thumb. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004337 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200020 base of first proximal phalanx of foot A zone of bone organ forming the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the hallux, bearing a concave articular facet that articulates with the first metatarsal head at the first metatarsophalangeal joint and receives the insertions of the flexor hallucis brevis tendons via the sesamoid complex. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004332 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200021 base of first proximal phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ forming the proximal end of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, presenting an oval concave articular surface that receives the head of the first metacarpal at the metacarpophalangeal joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200022 body of calcaneus A zone of bone organ forming the large central mass of the calcaneus, situated between the calcaneal tuberosity posteriorly and the articular surfaces anteriorly, and bearing the posterior and middle talar articular facets on its superior surface. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200023 body of second cervical vertebra A bony vertebral centrum forming the compact cylindrical body of the axis (C2), which is smaller and more robust than typical cervical vertebra bodies; it bears the dens (odontoid process) on its superior surface and articulates inferiorly with the body of the third cervical vertebra. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) UBERON:0001075 UBERON:0001093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200024 body of sphenoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the central, cuboidal portion of the sphenoid bone, located at the base of the skull between the ethmoid bone anteriorly and the basilar part of the occipital bone posteriorly; it contains the paired sphenoidal air sinuses and bears the sella turcica on its superior surface. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200025 calcaneal sulcus of calcaneus A surface groove oriented obliquely on the superior surface of the calcaneus, running between the posterior and middle talar articular facets. Together with the corresponding sulcus tali of the talus it forms the tarsal sinus, which lodges the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200026 coccygeal cornu of coccyx A skeletal element projection arising from the superior surface of the first coccygeal segment as a pair of upward-projecting rounded processes that articulate with the sacral cornua to form the sacrococcygeal joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Coccyx UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001350 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200027 coronoid fossa of humerus A bone fossa situated on the anterior surface of the distal humerus, immediately superior to the medial trochlea, that accommodates the coronoid process of the ulna at full elbow flexion. It is separated from the olecranon fossa on the posterior surface only by a thin plate of bone. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Humerus UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0000976 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200028 costal groove of first rib A surface groove running along the inferior border of the body of the first rib that lodges the intercostal nerve and vessels. In the first rib this groove is less pronounced than in typical ribs because the first rib is nearly horizontal and broad, with its superior surface facing upward rather than medially. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0004601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200029 costal groove of twelfth rib A surface groove on the inferior border of the body of the twelfth rib that accommodates the subcostal nerve and accompanying vessels. The groove is poorly defined or absent in the twelfth rib, which is the shortest rib and lacks the typical inferior curvature that shelters neurovascular structures in typical ribs. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0004611 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200030 costal notches of sternum A zone of bone organ comprising the articular facets on the lateral borders of the sternum that receive the costal cartilages of ribs 1–7; the manubrium bears notches for ribs 1 and the upper half of rib 2, the body bears notches for ribs 2–7, and the xiphisternal junction may bear a partial notch for rib 7. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sternum UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200031 crista galla of ethmoid bone A crest projecting superiorly from the midline of the cribriform plate into the anterior cranial fossa, providing the anterior attachment for the falx cerebri. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0001679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200032 digastric fossa of mandible A shallow bone fossa on the inferior surface of the mandibular body adjacent to the symphysis menti, one on each side of the midline, serving as the attachment site for the anterior belly of the digastric muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200033 dorsum sellae of sphenoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the posterior vertical plate of the sella turcica on the superior surface of the sphenoid body, bounded above by the posterior clinoid processes; it forms the posterior wall of the hypophyseal fossa and, together with the clivus of the occipital bone, supports the basilar artery and pons. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200034 ethmoidal air cells of ethmoid bone A zone of bone organ comprising the paired lateral masses (labyrinths) of the ethmoid bone, consisting of multiple thin-walled, interconnected cavities that form part of the paranasal sinuses and lie between the medial orbital wall and the lateral nasal wall. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200035 ethmoidal bulla of ethmoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the largest and most prominent of the anterior ethmoidal air cells, which bulges into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity lateral to the middle nasal concha and superior to the semilunar hiatus. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200036 external auditory meatus of squamous part of temporal bone A bone foramen forming the lateral opening of the external acoustic canal, bounded superiorly and posteriorly by the squamous and tympanic parts of the temporal bone. It transmits sound waves toward the tympanic membrane and is partly formed by the tympanic plate inferiorly. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200038 facet of eleventh rib A zone of bone organ on the head of the eleventh rib that forms a single, undivided articular surface for articulation exclusively with the body of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. Because the eleventh rib is an atypical floating rib, its head bears only one facet rather than the two demifacets found on typical ribs. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200039 facet of first rib A zone of bone organ on the head of the first rib forming a single, oval articular surface that articulates exclusively with the body of the first thoracic vertebra. Unlike typical ribs, the head of the first rib is not divided into two demifacets because it does not articulate with the vertebra above. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200040 facet of tenth rib A zone of bone organ on the head of the tenth rib that is typically a single articular surface articulating with the body of the tenth thoracic vertebra alone. The tenth rib is transitional: in most individuals its head bears only one facet, though it may occasionally retain a small superior demifacet. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004609 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200041 facet of twelfth rib A zone of bone organ on the head of the twelfth rib forming a single, rounded articular surface that articulates exclusively with the body of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. The twelfth rib is a floating atypical rib and, like the eleventh, has an undivided head with no superior demifacet. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004611 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200042 fibular facet of tibia A zone of bone organ forming the slightly concave articular surface on the inferoposterior aspect of the lateral condyle of the tibia, which articulates with the head of the fibula at the proximal tibiofibular joint. It is oriented posterolaterally and is reinforced by the anterior and posterior ligaments of the proximal tibiofibular joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200043 fibular notch of tibia A bone foramen forming the concave depression on the lateral aspect of the distal tibial epiphysis that receives the distal end of the fibula, constituting the tibial component of the inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis. Its surfaces are roughened for attachment of the anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments and the interosseous ligament. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0000979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200044 fibular trochlea of calcaneus A skeletal element projection forming the small, ridge-like eminence on the lateral surface of the calcaneus, situated between the superior and inferior peroneal retinacula; it separates the tendon grooves of the fibularis brevis above from the fibularis longus below. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200045 foramen ovale of sphenoid bone A bone foramen located in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, posterior to the foramen rotundum and lateral to the foramen lacerum; it transmits the mandibular nerve (cranial nerve V3), the accessory meningeal artery, and the lesser petrosal nerve. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200046 fossa for lacrimal sac of lacrimal bone A bone fossa situated on the anterior part of the medial orbital wall, formed by the frontal process of the maxilla and the lacrimal bone; it lodges the lacrimal sac and communicates inferiorly with the nasolacrimal canal, which drains tears into the inferior nasal meatus. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lacrimal_bone UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001680 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200047 frontal crest of frontal bone A crest projecting from the internal surface of the frontal bone in the midline, descending from the foramen cecum toward the groove for the superior sagittal sinus. It provides attachment for the falx cerebri. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0000209 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200048 glabella of frontal bone A zone of bone organ forming the smooth, slightly convex midline prominence of the frontal bone located between the two superciliary arches, just above the nasion. It is the most anterior projecting point of the forehead in the median plane. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000209 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200050 gluteal surface of ilium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the broad, posterolateral convex surface of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), bounded by the iliac crest superiorly and the acetabulum inferiorly, and providing the origin for the three gluteal muscles and the tensor fasciae latae. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200051 gluteal tuberosity of femur A skeletal element projection situated on the posterior surface of the femoral shaft, lateral to the linea aspera, extending from the base of the greater trochanter inferiorly. It presents as a roughened ridge or elongated eminence and serves as the primary insertion site for the gluteus maximus muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Femur UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0000981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200052 granula foveaolae of parietal bone A zone of bone organ consisting of small pits on the inner surface of the parietal bone, most numerous near the sagittal suture, that lodge the arachnoid granulations (Pacchionian bodies) responsible for reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid into the dural venous sinuses. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Parietal_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000210 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200053 greater palatine canal of maxilla A bone foramen forming a vertical canal at the junction of the maxilla and perpendicular plate of the palatine bone that transmits the greater palatine nerve and descending palatine vessels from the pterygopalatine fossa to the hard palate. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Maxilla UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0002397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200054 greater wings of sphenoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the large lateral expansions of the sphenoid body that extend outward and upward to contribute to the floor of the middle cranial fossa, the lateral wall of the orbit, and the temporal and infratemporal fossae; each wing bears the foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200055 groove for fibularis longus tendon of cuboid A surface groove forming the oblique channel on the plantar surface of the cuboid bone, through which the tendon of fibularis longus passes as it crosses the sole of the foot to insert on the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cuboid_bone UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001455 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200056 groove for middle meningeal a. of parietal bone A surface groove on the internal surface of the parietal bone that lodges the anterior and posterior branches of the middle meningeal artery as they course across the inner aspect of the calvaria, supplying the dura mater. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Parietal_bone UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0000210 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200057 groove for nasopalatine nerve of vomer A surface groove running obliquely on the anteroinferior surface of the vomer, lodging the nasopalatine nerve and accompanying vessels as they course from the nasal septum toward the incisive canal. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Vomer UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0002396 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200058 groove for posterior deep temporal artery of squamous part of temporal bone A surface groove running vertically on the temporal surface of the squamous part of the temporal bone, lodging the posterior deep temporal artery as it ascends to supply the temporalis muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200060 groove for subclavian artery of first rib A surface groove on the superior surface of the first rib, located posterior to the scalene tubercle, that lodges the subclavian artery as it passes over the rib between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. This groove is a distinctive feature of the first rib and is absent on all other ribs. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0004601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200061 groove for subclavian vein of first rib A surface groove on the superior surface of the first rib, situated anterior to the scalene tubercle, that accommodates the subclavian vein as it crosses the rib. This groove lies medial to the groove for the subclavian artery and is a unique feature of the first rib, reflecting its relationship with the major vessels of the upper limb. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0004601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200062 groove for superior sagittal sinus of frontal bone A surface groove on the internal surface of the frontal bone, running in the midline along the superior margin, that lodges the anterior portion of the superior sagittal sinus where it begins near the foramen cecum. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0000209 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200063 groove for superior sagittal sinus of parietal bone A surface groove running along the sagittal margin on the internal surface of the parietal bone, lodging the superior sagittal sinus as it courses posteriorly toward the confluence of sinuses at the internal occipital protuberance. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Parietal_bone UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0000210 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200064 groove for tendon of flexor hallucis longus muscle of calcaneus A surface groove running longitudinally along the inferior aspect of the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus, through which the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle passes distally toward the hallux. The tendon is held within the groove by a fibrous retinaculum. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200065 groove for transverse sinus of squamous part of occipital bone A surface groove curving horizontally across the internal surface of the squamous part of the occipital bone, one on each side, lodging the transverse sinus as it passes from the confluence of sinuses toward the sigmoid sinus. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Occipital_bone UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001676 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200066 groove for vertebral artery of first cervical vertebra A surface groove curving along the superior surface of the posterior arch of the atlas (C1), transmitting the vertebral artery and the first cervical nerve as they pass from the transverse foramen toward the foramen magnum. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200067 head of radius of radius A zone of bone organ forming the disc-shaped proximal end of the radius, articulating superiorly with the capitulum of the humerus and medially with the radial notch of the ulna; it is encircled by the annular ligament and enables forearm pronation and supination. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Radius_(bone) UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200068 head of second distal phalanx of foot A zone of bone organ forming the distal articular end of the second distal phalanx of the foot, presenting a smooth convex surface at the tip of the second toe; it bears no distal articulation and is capped by the ungual tuberosity. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004316 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200069 head of second distal phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ forming the distal end of the distal phalanx of the second toe of the foot, presenting a smooth convex articular surface that articulates with the base of the middle phalanx at the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second digit. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004311 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200070 head of second middle phalanx of foot A zone of bone organ forming the distal articular end of the middle phalanx of the second toe, presenting a pulley-shaped trochlear surface that articulates with the base of the second distal phalanx of the foot at the distal interphalangeal joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004324 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200071 head of second middle phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ forming the distal end of the middle phalanx of the second toe of the foot, bearing a pulley-shaped (trochlear) articular surface that articulates with the base of the distal phalanx at the distal interphalangeal joint of the second digit. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004320 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200072 head of third middle phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ forming the distal articular end of the middle phalanx of the third finger, presenting a trochlear articular surface that articulates with the base of the third distal phalanx at the distal interphalangeal joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004321 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200073 head of ulna of ulna A zone of bone organ forming the rounded distal end of the ulna, articulating with the ulnar notch of the radius via its convex articular circumference and with the triangular fibrocartilage complex on its inferior surface, participating in the distal radioulnar joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ulna UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200074 hiatus and groove of petrous part of temporal bone for greater petrosal nerve A bone foramen and associated groove on the anterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone, through which the greater petrosal nerve emerges from the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve (CN VII) and courses anteromedially toward the foramen lacerum and pterygoid canal. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200075 hiatus and groove of petrous part of temporal bone for lesser petrosal nerve A bone foramen and associated groove on the anterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone, lying lateral to the hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve, through which the lesser petrosal nerve (a branch of CN IX) exits the middle ear and courses toward the foramen ovale to reach the parotid gland via the otic ganglion. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200076 hyoid region bone A zone of bone organ comprising the structural regions of the hyoid bone collectively, including the body, the greater cornua, and the lesser cornua. It encompasses the full extent of this U-shaped unpaired bone situated in the anterior neck at the level of the third cervical vertebra, between the mandible and the thyroid cartilage. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hyoid_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001685 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200080 iliac tubercle of ilium of os coxa A skeletal element projection forming a thickened prominence on the outer lip of the iliac crest of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), situated approximately five centimetres posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine and serving as a palpable landmark used in clinical procedures such as lumbar puncture positioning. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200081 iliac tuberosity of ilium of os coxa A skeletal element projection forming a roughened elevation on the posterior part of the medial surface of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), located superior and posterior to the auricular surface, providing attachment for the posterior sacroiliac ligaments and the erector spinae. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200082 iliopubic ramus of os coxa A skeletal element projection forming the bony bar of the os coxa (innominate bone) that connects the body of the ilium to the pubis, constituting the superior and medial boundary of the obturator foramen and carrying the obturator groove on its inferior surface. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200084 inferior articular facet of eighth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the eighth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T9 at the zygapophyseal joint, contributing to the typical thoracic pattern of constrained rotation and limited sagittal mobility. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0011050 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200085 inferior articular facet of eleventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. As T11 is a transitional vertebra, its inferior articular facets are oriented more in the sagittal plane, similar to lumbar vertebrae, and articulate with the superior articular facets of T12, permitting greater flexion-extension mobility. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200086 inferior articular facet of fifth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the fifth cervical vertebra (C5), presenting an obliquely oriented smooth articular surface directed anteroinferiorly and laterally to articulate with the superior articular facet of C6. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004614 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200087 inferior articular facet of fifth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the fifth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T6, forming the zygapophyseal joint at the upper-mid thoracic junction that limits flexion-extension and permits limited rotation. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004630 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200088 inferior articular facet of first cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior aspect of the lateral mass of the atlas (C1), presenting a flat to slightly concave articular surface that articulates with the superior articular facet of the axis to form the lateral atlantoaxial joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200089 inferior articular facet of first thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the first thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and articulating with the superior articular facet of T2. It is oriented in the coronal plane, characteristic of thoracic vertebrae, constraining rotation and contributing to zygapophyseal joint formation between T1 and T2. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004626 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200090 inferior articular facet of fourth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4), presenting an obliquely oriented smooth articular surface directed anteroinferiorly and laterally to articulate with the superior articular facet of C5. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200091 inferior articular facet of fourth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the fourth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T5, forming the zygapophyseal joint that constrains movement between adjacent mid-upper thoracic vertebrae. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200092 inferior articular facet of ninth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the ninth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T10, forming the zygapophyseal joint at the transitional zone where thoracic facet orientation begins to shift toward the lumbar sagittal pattern. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200093 inferior articular facet of second cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the axis (C2), presenting a smooth articular surface oriented in the same oblique plane as typical cervical zygapophyseal joints, articulating with the superior articular facet of the third cervical vertebra. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200094 inferior articular facet of second thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the second thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T3, forming the zygapophyseal joint that limits flexion and facilitates the slight rotatory mobility characteristic of the mid-thoracic region. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200095 inferior articular facet of seventh cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), presenting a smooth articular surface that articulates with the superior articular facet of the first thoracic vertebra, at the cervicothoracic transition. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200096 inferior articular facet of seventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the seventh thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T8, forming the zygapophyseal joint near the apex of the thoracic kyphosis where coronal facet orientation dominates. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004632 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200097 inferior articular facet of sixth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6), presenting an obliquely oriented smooth articular surface directed anteroinferiorly and laterally to articulate with the superior articular facet of C7. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004615 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200098 inferior articular facet of sixth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the sixth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T7, forming the zygapophyseal joint that contributes to stability and guides movement in the mid-thoracic spine. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200099 inferior articular facet of tenth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the tenth thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T11 at the zygapophyseal joint; T10 is a transitional vertebra and its inferior facets may begin to adopt a more sagittally oriented profile approaching the lumbar pattern. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200100 inferior articular facet of third cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the inferior articular process of the third cervical vertebra (C3), presenting an obliquely oriented smooth articular surface directed anteroinferiorly and laterally to articulate with the superior articular facet of C4. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200101 inferior articular facet of third thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the third thoracic vertebra, facing anteroinferiorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the superior articular facet of T4, forming the zygapophyseal joint that limits axial rotation and contributes to the stability of the upper thoracic spine. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200102 inferior articular facet of twelfth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the inferior articular process of the twelfth thoracic vertebra. T12 is the most transitional thoracic vertebra; its inferior articular facets face laterally, closely resembling the lumbar pattern, and articulate with the superior articular facets of L1 at the thoracolumbar junction. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200103 inferior articular process of first cervical vertebra A process of vertebra projecting inferiorly from the lateral mass of the atlas (C1), bearing a smooth articular facet that forms the lateral atlantoaxial joint with the superior articular process of the axis; it is positioned further anteriorly than in typical cervical vertebrae. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200104 inferior articular process of second cervical vertebra A process of vertebra projecting inferolaterally from the vertebral arch of the axis (C2), bearing an articular facet oriented in the typical cervical zygapophyseal plane to articulate with the superior articular process of the third cervical vertebra. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0001093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200105 inferior costal facet of eleventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the inferior demi-facet on the posterolateral body of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. It is present when T11 participates in a shared costal articulation with the head of rib 11 alongside the superior costal facet of T12; however, T11 more typically bears a single complete costal facet for the head of rib 11. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200106 inferior costal facet of tenth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the inferior demi-facet on the posterolateral body of the tenth thoracic vertebra. In most individuals T10 bears a single complete costal facet rather than demifacets, but when present the inferior costal facet participates in articulation with the head of the tenth rib together with the superior costal facet of T11. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200107 inferior mental spine of mandible A small skeletal element projection on the posterior surface of the mandibular symphysis forming the lower pair of genial tubercles, serving as the bilateral origin for the geniohyoid muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200108 inferior nuchal line of squamous part of occipital bone A zone of bone organ forming the lower of two transverse ridges on the outer surface of the squamous occipital bone, extending laterally from the external occipital crest. It marks the attachment of the rectus capitis posterior major and minor muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Occipital_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001676 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200109 inferior vertebral notch of first cervical vertebra A bone foramen forming the inferior indentation of the pedicle region of the atlas (C1), which together with the superior vertebral notch of C2 contributes to the boundaries of the first cervical intervertebral foramen, through which the first cervical nerve passes. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200110 infraglenoid tubercle of scapula A roughened skeletal element projection situated at the inferior margin of the glenoid cavity of the scapula, serving as the origin of the long head of the triceps brachii muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0006849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200112 infraspinous fossa of scapula A broad, triangular bone fossa occupying the inferior three-quarters of the posterior surface of the scapula below the scapular spine, providing the area of origin for the infraspinatus muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0006849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200113 intercondylar notch of femur A bone foramen forming the deep intercondylar fossa between the medial and lateral condyles on the posterior aspect of the distal femur. It provides passage for the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments and is partially enclosed anteriorly by the patellar surface. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Femur UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0000981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200114 intermediate sacral crest of sacrum A crest running longitudinally on the posterior surface of the sacrum, medial to the posterior sacral foramina, formed by the fusion of the articular processes of the sacral vertebrae and representing the homologue of the articular pillars seen in lumbar vertebrae. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200115 internal auditory meatus of petrous part of temporal bone A bone foramen opening on the posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone, transmitting the facial nerve (CN VII), the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), and the labyrinthine artery from the posterior cranial fossa into the internal acoustic canal. Its fundus is divided into compartments by the transverse crest and Bill's bar. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200116 internal occipital protuberance of squamous part of occipital bone A skeletal element projection on the internal surface of the squamous occipital bone at the center of the cruciform eminence, marking the confluence of sinuses where the superior sagittal, straight, and occipital sinuses meet. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Occipital_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001676 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200117 interosseus border of tibia A zone of bone organ forming the sharp, prominent lateral crest of the tibial shaft, running from the fibular articular facet proximally to the anterior aspect of the fibular notch distally. It provides the tibial attachment for the crural interosseous membrane connecting the tibia and fibula throughout the length of the leg. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200118 ischial body of ischium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the thick, upper part of the ischium of the os coxa (innominate bone), contributing the posteroinferior portion of the acetabulum superiorly and bearing the ischial spine posteriorly, and providing attachment for several hip muscles and ligaments. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200120 lacrimal fossa of frontal bone A bone fossa located in the lateral part of the orbital plate of the frontal bone, forming a shallow depression just inside the anterolateral orbital rim that lodges the orbital lobe of the lacrimal gland. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0000209 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200121 lamina of first cervical vertebra A vertebra lamina forming the posterior curved plate of the atlas (C1) that completes the posterior arch, connecting the lateral masses to the posterior tubercle; it is thinner and more curved than laminae of typical cervical vertebrae, lacking a spinous process. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0004662 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200122 lamina of second cervical vertebra A vertebra lamina forming the broad, thick posterior plate of the axis (C2) neural arch, connecting the pedicles to the large bifid spinous process; it is notably robust compared with lower cervical laminae and serves as attachment for the semispinalis cervicis muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) UBERON:0004662 UBERON:0001093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200123 lateral process of tuberosity of calcaneus A skeletal element projection forming the smaller, more lateral of the two inferior prominences of the calcaneal tuberosity. It provides attachment for the abductor digiti minimi muscle and the lateral slip of the plantar aponeurosis. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200125 lateral sacral crest of sacrum A crest running along the lateral aspect of the posterior sacral surface, lateral to the posterior sacral foramina, formed by fusion of the transverse processes of sacral vertebrae and providing attachment for the posterior sacroiliac and sacrotuberous ligaments. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200126 lesser wings of sphenoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the pair of triangular horizontal plates that project laterally from the anterosuperior aspect of the sphenoid body, lying in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa and forming the roof of the orbit posteriorly; each lesser wing is connected to the body by two roots enclosing the optic canal. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200127 linea terminalis of sacrum A zone of bone organ forming the sacral contribution to the linea terminalis, constituting the posterior arc of the pelvic brim and demarcating the boundary between the greater and lesser pelvis at the level of the sacral promontory and alae. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200128 lunate surface of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the crescent-shaped articular cartilage-covered surface within the acetabulum of the os coxa (innominate bone), lining the peripheral rim of the acetabular socket and articulating directly with the head of the femur, with the non-articular acetabular fossa occupying the central gap. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200129 mammillary process of fifth lumbar vertebra A process of vertebra located on the posterior aspect of the superior articular process of the fifth lumbar vertebra, forming the most inferior of the lumbar mammillary processes. It is especially prominent at this level, providing multifidus attachment and forming part of the lumbosacral articular region adjacent to the sacral ala. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0004621 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200130 mammillary process of first lumbar vertebra A process of vertebra located on the posterior surface of the superior articular process of the first lumbar vertebra, presenting as a small bony tubercle. It serves as an attachment site for the multifidus muscle and marks the most superior of the lumbar mammillary processes, situated just below the thoracolumbar junction. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0004617 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200131 mammillary process of fourth lumbar vertebra A process of vertebra projecting posteriorly from the superior articular process of the fourth lumbar vertebra as a prominent bony tubercle. It provides attachment for the multifidus muscle and, at this level, lies in close relation to the iliolumbar ligament attachments that stabilize the lower lumbar spine. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0004620 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200132 mammillary process of second lumbar vertebra A process of vertebra projecting posteriorly from the superior articular process of the second lumbar vertebra as a rounded bony tubercle. It provides attachment for fibers of the multifidus muscle and is one of five paired lumbar mammillary processes that increase in prominence from L1 to L5. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0004618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200133 mammillary process of third lumbar vertebra A process of vertebra arising from the posterior surface of the superior articular process of the third lumbar vertebra, forming a distinct bony projection at the mid-lumbar level. It serves as an attachment point for the multifidus muscle and is situated at the level of the vertebra most accessible for posterior spinal procedures. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0004619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200134 mandibular angle of mandible A zone of bone organ at the postero-inferior junction of the mandibular body and ramus, providing attachment for the masseter muscle on its lateral surface and the medial pterygoid muscle on its medial surface. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200135 mandibular foramen of mandible A bone foramen on the medial surface of the mandibular ramus, guarded anteriorly by the lingula, through which the inferior alveolar nerve and vessels enter the mandibular canal. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200136 mandibular fossa of squamous part of temporal bone A bone fossa forming the concave articular surface on the inferior aspect of the squamous part, bounded anteriorly by the articular tubercle and posteriorly by the postglenoid tubercle and tympanic plate. It receives the condylar head of the mandible to form the temporomandibular joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200137 mandibular notch of mandible A bone foramen forming the deep concavity on the superior border of the mandibular ramus between the coronoid process anteriorly and the condylar process posteriorly, through which the masseteric nerve and vessels pass to reach the masseter muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200138 mastoid foramen of mastoid part of temporal bone A bone foramen situated on the posterior surface of the mastoid part near the occipitomastoid suture, transmitting a mastoid emissary vein that connects the sigmoid sinus intracranially with the occipital or posterior auricular veins extracranially, along with a small branch of the occipital artery. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200139 mastoid notch of mastoid part of temporal bone A bone foramen forming a deep groove on the medial surface of the mastoid process, immediately medial to the mastoid process tip. It provides attachment for the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and lies lateral to the groove for the occipital artery. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200140 medial malleolus of tibia A skeletal element projection forming the prominent bony process that descends from the medial aspect of the distal tibia, constituting the medial wall of the ankle mortise. Its lateral surface bears a comma-shaped articular facet for the medial surface of the talar body, and its apex and posterior groove give attachment to the deltoid ligament complex and tendons of the deep posterior compartment, respectively. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0000979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200141 medial process of tuberosity of calcaneus A skeletal element projection forming the larger, more medial of the two inferior prominences of the calcaneal tuberosity. It is the principal origin of the plantar aponeurosis and provides attachment for the abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, and the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200142 medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone A zone of bone organ forming the narrower, more vertically oriented medial lamina of the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone, curving posterolaterally at its inferior end to terminate as the pterygoid hamulus; its medial surface forms the lateral boundary of the choana and provides attachment for the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the pterygomandibular raphe. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200143 median sacral crest of sacrum A crest running in the midline on the posterior surface of the sacrum, formed by the fusion of the spinous processes of the upper sacral vertebrae, typically comprising three or four tubercles and providing attachment for the supraspinous ligament and erector spinae muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200144 mental protuberance of mandible A triangular skeletal element projection forming the prominence of the bony chin at the anterior midline of the mandibular body, bounded laterally by the mental tubercles and considered a defining morphological feature of modern Homo sapiens. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200145 mylohyoid groove of mandible A surface groove on the medial surface of the mandibular ramus, running obliquely anteroinferiorly from the mandibular foramen toward the body of the mandible, in which the mylohyoid nerve and accompanying vessels travel. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200146 mylohyoid line of mandible A diagonal bony ridge forming a zone of bone organ on the internal surface of the mandibular body, extending from below the last molar tooth posteriorly to the mental spine anteriorly, providing origin for the mylohyoid muscle and attachment for the pterygomandibular raphe. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200147 nasolacrimal canal of maxilla A bone foramen forming a canal between the maxilla, lacrimal bone, and inferior nasal concha that transmits the nasolacrimal duct from the lacrimal sac in the medial orbit inferiorly to open into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Maxilla UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0002397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200148 neck of radius of radius A zone of bone organ comprising the short, constricted segment of the radius immediately distal to the head, connecting the head to the radial tuberosity and serving as the site of attachment of the annular ligament. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Radius_(bone) UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200149 non-articular facet of tubercle of eighth rib A skeletal element projection forming the rough, lateral portion of the tubercle of the eighth rib that provides attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It is distinct from the smooth medial articular facet and is directed posteriorly and inferiorly, becoming increasingly lateral in position as rib number increases. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0010757 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200150 non-articular facet of tubercle of fifth rib A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, non-articular area on the lateral aspect of the tubercle of the fifth rib that serves as the attachment site for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It is separated from the smooth medial articular facet and faces posteriorly. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200151 non-articular facet of tubercle of first rib A skeletal element projection constituting the roughened, non-articular region of the tubercle of the first rib that provides attachment for the costotransverse ligament. In the first rib the tubercle is prominent on the superior surface, and its non-articular facet is directed posteriorly toward the transverse process of the first thoracic vertebra. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200152 non-articular facet of tubercle of fourth rib A skeletal element projection forming the rough, lateral portion of the tubercle of the fourth rib that anchors the lateral costotransverse ligament. It lies adjacent to but distinct from the smooth articular facet and is directed posteriorly toward the transverse process of the fourth thoracic vertebra. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004604 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200153 non-articular facet of tubercle of ninth rib A skeletal element projection constituting the roughened lateral area of the tubercle of the ninth rib that affords attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It faces increasingly posterolaterally compared with upper ribs, reflecting the gradually changing orientation of the costotransverse articulation. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200154 non-articular facet of tubercle of second rib A skeletal element projection forming the rough, non-articular portion of the tubercle of the second rib that provides attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It is adjacent to the articular facet and faces posteriorly toward the transverse process of the second thoracic vertebra. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004602 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200155 non-articular facet of tubercle of seventh rib A skeletal element projection constituting the roughened, non-articular region of the tubercle of the seventh rib that serves as the insertion point for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It is situated lateral to the articular facet and is directed posterolaterally. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200156 non-articular facet of tubercle of sixth rib A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, non-articular portion of the tubercle of the sixth rib that provides attachment for the lateral costotransverse ligament. It occupies the lateral part of the tubercle, distinct from the smooth medial articular facet, and faces posterolaterally. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004606 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200157 non-articular facet of tubercle of tenth rib A skeletal element projection forming the rough, non-articular area on the tubercle of the tenth rib that provides attachment for the costotransverse ligament. The tenth rib is transitional in character, and its tubercle is less prominent than in upper ribs, with the non-articular facet directed more laterally. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004609 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200158 non-articular facet of tubercle of third rib A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, non-articular portion of the tubercle of the third rib that anchors the lateral costotransverse ligament. It lies on the lateral aspect of the tubercle adjacent to the smooth articular facet and faces posteriorly toward the transverse process of the third thoracic vertebra. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004603 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200160 obturator groove of pubis of os coxa A surface groove forming the oblique channel running along the inferior surface of the superior pubic ramus of the pubis of the os coxa (innominate bone), roofed by the obturator membrane to form the obturator canal through which the obturator nerve and vessels pass from the pelvis to the thigh. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200164 olfactory foramina of ethmoid bone A bone foramen comprising the multiple small perforations of the cribriform plate through which the olfactory nerve filaments (fila olfactoria) pass from the olfactory mucosa of the nasal roof to the olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200166 pecten pubis of pubis of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the sharp, ridge-like superior border of the superior pubic ramus of the pubis of the os coxa (innominate bone), extending from the pubic tubercle to the iliopectineal eminence and forming part of the pelvic brim, with the pectineus muscle attaching to its anterior surface. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200167 pectinal line of femur A zone of bone organ forming a raised ridge on the posterior surface of the proximal femoral shaft, running obliquely from the base of the lesser trochanter to the medial lip of the linea aspera. It serves as the insertion site for the pectineus muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Femur UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000981 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200168 pedicle of first cervical vertebra A pedicle of vertebra forming the short lateral strut of the atlas (C1) connecting the lateral mass to the anterior and posterior arches; it is broad and low, bearing the superior and inferior vertebral notches that contribute to the first and second cervical intervertebral foramina. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0001078 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200169 pedicle of second cervical vertebra A pedicle of vertebra forming the robust lateral pillar of the axis (C2) connecting the vertebral body to the vertebral arch; it is directed obliquely and bears the superior vertebral notch on its upper surface, contributing to the second cervical intervertebral foramen. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) UBERON:0001078 UBERON:0001093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200170 perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone A zone of bone organ forming a thin, flat, vertical midline lamina that descends from the cribriform plate to articulate inferiorly with the septal cartilage and the vomer, contributing to the bony nasal septum. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ethmoid_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001679 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200171 petrotympanic fissure of squamous part of temporal bone A bone foramen forming a narrow fissure between the tympanic and squamous parts of the temporal bone at the anterior wall of the mandibular fossa. It transmits the chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve and the anterior tympanic branch of the maxillary artery into the infratemporal fossa. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200172 posterior arch of first cervical vertebra An arch of atlas forming the posterior curved bar of the ring-shaped atlas (C1), connecting the two lateral masses posteriorly; it bears the posterior tubercle at its midpoint and carries the groove for the vertebral artery on its superior surface. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0005814 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200173 posterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone A skeletal element projection situated at each superolateral angle of the dorsum sellae of the sphenoid bone, projecting anterolaterally; it provides attachment for the tentorium cerebelli and the petrosphenoidal ligament, and serves as a landmark for the abducens nerve as it bends over the petrous apex. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200174 posterior gluteal line of ilium of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming a curved ridge near the posterior margin of the gluteal surface of the ilium of the os coxa (innominate bone), extending from the iliac crest toward the greater sciatic notch and demarcating the small posterior area of origin of the gluteus maximus from the larger area of the gluteus medius. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200175 posterior sacral foramina of sacrum A bone foramen located on the dorsal surface of the sacrum; one of four pairs of openings that transmit the dorsal rami of the upper four sacral spinal nerves, which supply the multifidus muscle and the skin over the lower back. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200177 postglenoid tubercle of squamous part of temporal bone A skeletal element projection forming a small eminence immediately posterior to the mandibular fossa on the inferior surface of the squamous part. It constitutes the posterior boundary of the articular surface of the temporomandibular joint and abuts the tympanic plate. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200179 pterygoid fossa of sphenoid bone A bone fossa formed by the concave medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate facing the pterygoid process, situated between the lateral and medial pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone; it provides origin for the medial pterygoid muscle and the lower belly of the lateral pterygoid muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200180 pterygoid fovea of mandible A small roughened zone of bone organ on the anterior surface of the mandibular neck, just inferior to the articular surface of the condyle, serving as the insertion for the lateral pterygoid muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200181 pterygoid hamulus of sphenoid bone A skeletal element projection forming the slender, hook-like inferior tip of the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone, curving laterally and inferiorly; it serves as a pulley around which the tendon of the tensor veli palatini muscle turns before spreading into the soft palate. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sphenoid_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001677 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200182 pubic body of pubis of os coxa A zone of bone organ forming the flattened, medial main portion of the pubis of the os coxa (innominate bone), presenting a medial symphyseal surface that articulates with the contralateral pubic body at the pubic symphysis and a superior surface bearing the pubic crest and pubic tubercle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200183 pubic crest of pubis of os coxa A crest forming the thick, rough, horizontal ridge on the superior surface of the pubic body of the pubis of the os coxa (innominate bone), extending medially from the pubic tubercle to the pubic symphysis and providing attachment for the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200185 pubic tubercle of pubis of os coxa A skeletal element projection forming a small but prominent rounded eminence on the superior border of the pubic body of the pubis of the os coxa (innominate bone), situated lateral to the pubic symphysis and serving as the medial attachment of the inguinal ligament and a landmark for the superficial inguinal ring. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Hip_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001272 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200186 radial fossa of humerus A bone fossa situated on the anterior surface of the lateral distal humerus, immediately superior to the capitulum, that receives the anterior rim of the head of the radius during full flexion of the elbow at the humeroradial joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Humerus UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0000976 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200187 radial groove of humerus A surface groove spiraling obliquely across the posterior surface of the humeral shaft from the medial to the lateral side, separating the origins of the medial and lateral heads of the triceps brachii. It transmits the radial nerve and the deep brachial artery, and is also termed the musculospiral groove. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Humerus UBERON:0006846 UBERON:0000976 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200188 radial tuberosity of radius A skeletal element projection forming the oval, roughened eminence on the medial aspect of the radius just distal to the neck, serving as the distal insertion point of the biceps brachii tendon. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Radius_(bone) UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200189 sacral apex of sacrum A zone of bone organ constituting the narrow, tapered inferior extremity of the sacrum, bearing a small oval facet that articulates with the base of the coccyx at the sacrococcygeal symphysis. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200190 sacral canal of sacrum A bone foramen forming the continuation of the vertebral canal within the sacrum, running the full length of the bone and enclosing the cauda equina, the filum terminale, and the meningeal coverings of the spinal cord, communicating inferiorly with the exterior through the sacral hiatus. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200191 sacral cornu of sacrum A skeletal element projection at the inferior margin of the sacral hiatus, one of a pair of downward-projecting bony processes representing the inferior articular processes of S5 that articulate with the coccygeal cornua and serve as palpable landmarks for caudal epidural anaesthesia. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200192 sacral hiatus of sacrum A bone foramen forming the inferior opening of the sacral canal, resulting from the failure of fusion of the laminae of S4 and S5, and bounded laterally by the sacral cornua; it provides clinical access to the epidural space for caudal anaesthetic injections. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200193 sacral promontory of sacrum A zone of bone organ constituting the prominent anterior projection of the superior surface of S1, forming the posteriormost point of the pelvic inlet and an important obstetric landmark used in measuring the diagonal conjugate diameter of the pelvis. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200194 sacral spine of sacrum A skeletal element projection on the dorsal surface of the sacrum representing a discrete spinous tubercle derived from a sacral spinous process, contributing to the median sacral crest and serving as an attachment point for the posterior sacral ligaments and deep back muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200195 sacral tuberosity of sacrum A skeletal element projection forming a rough, irregular eminence on the lateral aspect of the posterior sacral surface, superior to the auricular surface, that provides attachment for the interosseous and posterior sacroiliac ligaments binding the sacrum to the ilium. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sacrum UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0003690 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200196 scalene tubercle of first rib A skeletal element projection on the superior surface of the first rib, situated between the groove for the subclavian vein anteriorly and the groove for the subclavian artery posteriorly, that serves as the insertion of the anterior scalene muscle. It is a prominent surgical landmark unique to the first rib. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200197 scaphoid tubercle of scaphoid A skeletal element projection on the palmar surface of the scaphoid bone at its distal pole, forming the lateral pillar of the carpal tunnel and serving as an attachment point for the flexor retinaculum and the abductor pollicis brevis muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0006849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200198 scapular notch of scapula A semicircular bone foramen on the superior border of the scapula, medial to the base of the coracoid process, through which the suprascapular nerve passes beneath the superior transverse scapular ligament to enter the supraspinous fossa. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0006849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200199 scapular spine of scapula A prominent, triangular skeletal element projection arising from the posterior surface of the scapula and running obliquely from the medial border to the acromion, dividing the posterior scapular surface into the supraspinous and infraspinous fossae and providing attachment for the trapezius and deltoid muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0006849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200201 shaft of first distal phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ comprising the flattened, tapering body of the distal phalanx of the thumb, lying between the base and the ungual tuberosity and providing dorsal and palmar surfaces for attachment of the nail bed and soft tissue pulp. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004337 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200202 shaft of first proximal phalanx of hand A zone of bone organ comprising the elongated cylindrical body of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, connecting the base to the head and providing attachment surfaces for the flexor and extensor tendons of the thumb. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004338 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200203 shaft of radius of radius A zone of bone organ comprising the elongated body of the radius between the radial tuberosity proximally and the distal epiphysis, prismatic in cross-section with a sharp interosseous border medially that gives attachment to the interosseous membrane. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Radius_(bone) UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001423 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200204 shaft of ulna of ulna A zone of bone organ comprising the elongated body of the ulna between the coronoid process proximally and the head distally, triangular in cross-section with a sharp lateral interosseous border that provides attachment for the interosseous membrane. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ulna UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200205 soleal line of tibia A zone of bone organ forming an oblique ridge on the posterior surface of the proximal tibial shaft, running from the fibular facet of the lateral condyle downward and medially to the medial border of the tibia. It marks the proximal attachment of the soleus muscle and the transverse intermuscular septum separating the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200206 spinous process of first cervical vertebra A neural spine reduced to a small posterior tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas (C1), representing a vestigial spinous process that lacks the bifid tip seen in typical cervical vertebrae and serves as attachment for the ligamentum nuchae and the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0001076 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200207 spinous process of second cervical vertebra A neural spine projecting posteriorly and inferiorly from the vertebral arch of the axis (C2), characteristically large and bifid at its tip, serving as a palpable landmark and providing attachment for the ligamentum nuchae, semispinalis cervicis, and inferior oblique capitis muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) UBERON:0001076 UBERON:0001093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200208 sternal angle of sternum A zone of bone organ forming the transverse ridge on the anterior surface of the sternum at the manubriosternal junction, palpable as a distinct anterior angulation; it lies at the level of the second costal cartilage and marks the plane separating the superior from the inferior mediastinum. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sternum UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200209 sternal end of eighth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the eighth rib, which connects to the costal cartilage of the eighth rib. The costal cartilage of the eighth rib does not attach directly to the sternum but joins the cartilage of the seventh rib, making the eighth rib a false rib. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0010757 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200210 sternal end of eleventh rib A zone of bone organ forming the pointed anterior extremity of the eleventh rib that tapers to a tip covered by a small cap of hyaline cartilage. As a floating rib, the eleventh rib does not connect to the sternum or to the costal arch, and its sternal end is free within the abdominal musculature. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200211 sternal end of fifth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the fifth rib that articulates with the costal cartilage of the fifth rib. The costal cartilage of the fifth rib connects to the sternum at the level of the xiphosternal junction, making the fifth rib a true rib. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004605 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200212 sternal end of first rib A zone of bone organ forming the medial extremity of the first rib that articulates with a broad, flat costal cartilage. The costal cartilage of the first rib has a primary cartilaginous joint with the manubrium of the sternum, and the sternal end of the first rib is widened and flattened, consistent with the flat, horizontal orientation of the rib. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004601 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200213 sternal end of fourth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the fourth rib that connects to the costal cartilage of the fourth rib. The fourth rib is a true rib whose costal cartilage articulates directly with the lateral border of the sternum, typically at the level of the sternal angle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004604 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200214 sternal end of ninth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the ninth rib, which connects to its costal cartilage. The costal cartilage of the ninth rib joins the costal arch formed by the cartilages of ribs seven through ten, so the ninth rib does not reach the sternum directly and is classified as a false rib. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004608 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200215 sternal end of second rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the second rib that connects to the costal cartilage of the second rib. The second rib is a true rib whose costal cartilage articulates with the sternum at the sternal angle (angle of Louis), the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004602 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200216 sternal end of seventh rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the seventh rib that connects to its costal cartilage. The seventh rib is the lowest true rib, and its costal cartilage typically articulates directly with the inferior end of the body of the sternum at or near the xiphosternal junction. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004607 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200217 sternal end of sixth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the sixth rib that connects to the costal cartilage of the sixth rib. The sixth rib is a true rib whose costal cartilage articulates with the lateral border of the body of the sternum. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004606 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200218 sternal end of tenth rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the tenth rib, which ends in a small cap of cartilage that fuses with the costal arch rather than attaching independently to the sternum. The tenth rib is a false rib and, together with ribs eight and nine, contributes to the inferior costal margin. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004609 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200219 sternal end of third rib A zone of bone organ forming the anterior extremity of the third rib that connects to the costal cartilage of the third rib. The third rib is a true rib whose costal cartilage articulates with the lateral border of the body of the sternum between the second and fourth costal notches. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004603 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200220 sternal end of twelfth rib A zone of bone organ forming the pointed free anterior extremity of the twelfth rib that terminates in a small cartilaginous tip. As the lowest floating rib, the twelfth rib does not connect to the sternum or costal arch, and its sternal end lies within the posterior abdominal wall musculature posterior to the kidney. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Rib UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004611 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200221 sternal region bone A zone of bone organ encompassing the full extent of the sternum as the flat, elongated bone forming the midline of the anterior thoracic wall, comprising the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process, and providing articular surfaces for the clavicles and costal cartilages of ribs 1–7 as well as attachment for thoracic and abdominal muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sternum UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200222 stylomastoid foramen of petrous part of temporal bone A bone foramen located on the inferior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone between the base of the styloid process and the mastoid process. It is the point of exit of the facial nerve (CN VII) from the facial canal into the parotid region. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200223 sublingual fossa of mandible A smooth bone fossa on the medial surface of the mandibular body, superior to the mylohyoid line anteriorly, in which the sublingual salivary gland is lodged. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200224 submandibular fossa of mandible A bone fossa on the medial surface of the mandibular body and ramus, inferior to the mylohyoid line and posterior to the sublingual fossa, in which the superficial part of the submandibular salivary gland is accommodated. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200225 supercilary arch of frontal bone A zone of bone organ forming a curved bony ridge on the external surface of the frontal bone, arching above each orbit immediately superior to the supraorbital margin. It overlies the frontal sinus and is more prominent in males. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000209 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200226 superior articular facet of eighth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the eighth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T7 at the zygapophyseal joint, contributing to the paired synovial joints that guide movement in the lower mid-thoracic spine. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0011050 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200227 superior articular facet of eleventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra, oriented in the coronal plane and facing posteriorly. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T10 at the zygapophyseal joint; T11 is a transitional vertebra where facet morphology begins the shift toward the lumbar sagittal pattern. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200228 superior articular facet of fifth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the superior articular process of the fifth cervical vertebra (C5), presenting a smooth, obliquely oriented articular surface directed posterosuperiorly and medially to articulate with the inferior articular facet of C4 within the zygapophyseal joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004614 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200229 superior articular facet of fifth lumbar vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the articular surface on the superior articular process of the fifth lumbar vertebra, with a concave, medially facing surface oriented in the sagittal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of the fourth lumbar vertebra at the L4–L5 zygapophyseal joint, the most commonly affected lumbar facet joint in degenerative disease. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004621 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200230 superior articular facet of fifth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the fifth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T4 at the zygapophyseal joint, contributing to the segmental stability of the mid-upper thoracic spine. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004630 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200231 superior articular facet of first cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas (C1), presenting a kidney-shaped, concave articular surface directed superiorly and medially to receive the occipital condyle, forming the atlanto-occipital joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200232 superior articular facet of first lumbar vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the articular surface on the superior articular process of the first lumbar vertebra, oriented in the sagittal plane with a concave, medially facing articular surface. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, forming the uppermost zygapophyseal joint of the lumbar column. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004617 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200233 superior articular facet of first thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the first thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and slightly superiorly. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of C7 at the cervicothoracic junction, where facet orientation transitions from the more horizontal cervical pattern to the coronal thoracic pattern. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004626 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200234 superior articular facet of fourth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the superior articular process of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4), presenting a smooth, obliquely oriented articular surface directed posterosuperiorly and medially to articulate with the inferior articular facet of C3 within the zygapophyseal joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200235 superior articular facet of fourth lumbar vertebra A zone of bone organ comprising the concave, medially facing articular surface on the superior articular process of the fourth lumbar vertebra, oriented in the sagittal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of the third lumbar vertebra, contributing to the L3–L4 zygapophyseal joint, which bears significant compressive and shear loads in the lower lumbar spine. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004620 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200236 superior articular facet of fourth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the fourth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T3 at the zygapophyseal joint, forming one of the paired intervertebral articulations that limit flexion and rotation in the upper thoracic spine. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200237 superior articular facet of ninth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the ninth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T8 at the zygapophyseal joint in the lower thoracic spine, where the typical thoracic coronal facet orientation is maintained. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200238 superior articular facet of second cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the flat, laterally oriented superior articular process of the axis (C2), presenting an oval convex articular surface that faces superiorly and laterally to articulate with the inferior articular facet of the atlas in the lateral atlantoaxial joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200239 superior articular facet of second lumbar vertebra A zone of bone organ comprising the concave, medially facing articular surface borne on the superior articular process of the second lumbar vertebra, oriented in the sagittal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of the first lumbar vertebra, forming the L1–L2 zygapophyseal joint and resisting rotational forces in the lumbar spine. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200240 superior articular facet of second thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the second thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented predominantly in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T1 at the zygapophyseal joint, guiding movement and limiting axial rotation in the upper thoracic spine. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200241 superior articular facet of seventh cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the superior articular process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), presenting a smooth articular surface directed posterosuperiorly to articulate with the inferior articular facet of C6, similar in orientation to other lower cervical zygapophyseal facets. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200242 superior articular facet of seventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the seventh thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T6 at the zygapophyseal joint near the apex of the thoracic kyphosis, where coronal facet orientation maximally constrains axial rotation. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004632 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200243 superior articular facet of sixth cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the superior articular process of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6), presenting a smooth, obliquely oriented articular surface directed posterosuperiorly and medially to articulate with the inferior articular facet of C5 within the zygapophyseal joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004615 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200244 superior articular facet of sixth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the sixth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T5 at the zygapophyseal joint, contributing to spinal stability at a level near the thoracic kyphotic apex. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200245 superior articular facet of tenth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the tenth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T9 at the zygapophyseal joint; T10 represents the beginning of the lower thoracic transitional region where facet orientation starts to shift. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200246 superior articular facet of third cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ on the superior articular process of the third cervical vertebra (C3), presenting a smooth, obliquely oriented articular surface directed posterosuperiorly and medially to articulate with the inferior articular facet of C2 within the zygapophyseal joint. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200247 superior articular facet of third lumbar vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the concave articular surface on the superior articular process of the third lumbar vertebra, oriented predominantly in the sagittal plane and facing medially. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of the second lumbar vertebra at the L2–L3 zygapophyseal joint, the most mobile segment in the mid-lumbar region. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200248 superior articular facet of third thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the third thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T2 at the zygapophyseal joint, contributing to the stability and constrained mobility characteristic of the upper thoracic column. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200249 superior articular facet of twelfth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the superior articular process of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, facing posteriorly and oriented in the coronal or slightly oblique plane. It articulates with the inferior articular facet of T11; T12 is markedly transitional and its superior facets retain the thoracic orientation while the inferior facets adopt the lumbar pattern. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200250 superior articular process of first cervical vertebra A process of vertebra forming the broad lateral mass of the atlas (C1) on its superior aspect, bearing the kidney-shaped concave facet that receives the occipital condyle to form the atlanto-occipital joint, enabling nodding movements of the head. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200251 superior articular process of second cervical vertebra A process of vertebra projecting laterally and superiorly from the body-pedicle junction of the axis (C2), bearing a flat oval articular facet that articulates with the inferior articular facet of the atlas; it is positioned anterior to the plane of the lower zygapophyseal joints. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) UBERON:0006061 UBERON:0001093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200252 superior costal facet of eleventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ forming the superior demi-facet on the posterolateral body of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. It articulates with the head of rib 11; T11 typically bears a single large complete costal facet on the body for rib 11, which lacks a transverse costal facet on the transverse process, reflecting the atypical nature of this vertebra. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200253 superior mental spine of mandible A small skeletal element projection on the posterior surface of the mandibular symphysis forming the upper pair of genial tubercles, serving as the bilateral origin for the genioglossus muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Mandible UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001684 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200254 superior nuchal line of squamous part of occipital bone A zone of bone organ forming the upper of two curved ridges on the external surface of the squamous occipital bone, extending laterally from the external occipital protuberance. It provides attachment for the trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and splenius capitis muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Occipital_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001676 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200255 superior vertebral notch of first cervical vertebra A bone foramen forming the superior indentation on the posterior aspect of the lateral mass of the atlas (C1), which when combined with the groove for the vertebral artery transmits the vertebral artery and the first cervical (suboccipital) nerve. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Atlas_(anatomy) UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001092 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200256 superior vertebral notch of second cervical vertebra A bone foramen forming the superior indentation on the upper border of the pedicle of the axis (C2), which together with the inferior vertebral notch of the atlas contributes to the first cervical intervertebral foramen, transmitting the second cervical nerve. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200257 supinator fossa of ulna A bone fossa forming the concave depression on the lateral aspect of the proximal ulna, just distal to the radial notch, providing the origin for the deep fibres of the supinator muscle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Ulna UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0001424 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200259 supramastoid crest of squamous part of temporal bone A crest forming a horizontal ridge on the outer surface of the squamous part of the temporal bone, running posteriorly from the root of the zygomatic process superior to the external auditory meatus. It represents the inferior margin of the temporal surface and serves as a landmark for the suprameatal triangle. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:4200133 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200260 supraorbital notch or foramen of frontal bone A bone foramen or notch in the supraorbital margin of the frontal bone, positioned approximately one-third of the way along the margin from its medial end. It transmits the supraorbital nerve and vessels to the forehead and scalp. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Frontal_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0000209 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200261 supraspinous fossa of scapula A triangular bone fossa on the posterior surface of the scapula superior to the scapular spine, providing origin for the supraspinatus muscle, whose tendon passes beneath the coracoacromial arch to insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Scapula UBERON:0004704 UBERON:0006849 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200262 sustentaculum tali of calcaneus A zone of bone organ forming a horizontal, shelf-like medial projection of the calcaneus that supports the head and neck of the talus. Its superior surface bears the middle talar articular facet, its inferior surface is grooved for the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus, and it provides attachment for the plantar calcaneonavicular and medial talocalcaneal ligaments. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Calcaneus UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001450 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200264 tibial plateau of tibia A zone of bone organ comprising the expanded proximal articular surface of the tibia, consisting of the medial and lateral condyles, which together form the superior articular surface of the knee joint. Each condyle bears a meniscus-covered articular facet that articulates with the corresponding femoral condyle, and the two condyles are separated by the intercondylar eminence. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Tibia UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000979 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200265 transverse costal facet of eighth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the eighth thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the eighth rib at the costotransverse joint. The transverse processes are progressively shorter and more posteriorly directed at this level, and the facet is correspondingly reduced compared to those of upper thoracic vertebrae. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0011050 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200266 transverse costal facet of eleventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the transverse process of the eleventh thoracic vertebra. T11 is atypical in that it generally lacks a true transverse costal facet, as rib 11 is a floating rib without a tubercular articulation at the transverse process; when present this facet is vestigial and clinically variable. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200267 transverse costal facet of fifth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the fifth thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the fifth rib at the costotransverse joint. As thoracic vertebrae descend, the transverse process shortens and its costal facet becomes relatively smaller, though it remains distinct at T5. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004630 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200268 transverse costal facet of first thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the first thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the first rib at the costotransverse joint. T1 has well-developed transverse processes with distinct transverse costal facets that, together with the costal facets of the body, contribute to the firm articulation supporting the first rib. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004626 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200269 transverse costal facet of fourth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the fourth thoracic vertebra, presenting as a smooth concave articular area that articulates with the tubercle of the fourth rib at the costotransverse joint. Together with the body demifacets it completes the bony articulation of rib 4 with the thoracic column. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200270 transverse costal facet of ninth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the ninth thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the ninth rib at the costotransverse joint. T9 represents the lower limit of the typical transverse costal facet pattern; below this level the transverse processes diminish and the facets become vestigial or absent. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200271 transverse costal facet of second thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the second thoracic vertebra, presenting as a smooth oval articular area that articulates with the tubercle of the second rib at the costotransverse joint. This facet, together with the demifacets on the vertebral body, anchors the second rib to the thoracic column. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200272 transverse costal facet of seventh thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the seventh thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the seventh rib at the costotransverse joint. The transverse processes decrease in length inferiorly through the thoracic series, and the facet at T7 is smaller than those of the upper thoracic vertebrae. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004632 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200273 transverse costal facet of sixth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the sixth thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the sixth rib at the costotransverse joint. It is a smooth, oval synovial articular area that guides rib rotation during breathing and contributes to thoracic cage stability. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200274 transverse costal facet of tenth thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the tenth thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the tenth rib at the costotransverse joint. T10 bears a transverse costal facet, though it is variably developed; the single complete costal facet on its body accommodates the head of the tenth rib. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200275 transverse costal facet of third thoracic vertebra A zone of bone organ located on the anterior surface of the transverse process of the third thoracic vertebra, articulating with the tubercle of the third rib at the costotransverse joint. It forms one component of the paired costovertebral articulations that stabilize and guide rib movement during respiration. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200278 transverse ridges of sternum A zone of bone organ comprising the low, horizontal bony ridges on the anterior surface of the sternal body that mark the lines of fusion between adjacent sternebrae during development, typically three ridges dividing the body into four segments and remaining palpable on the adult sternum. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Sternum UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0000975 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200279 trigeminal impression of petrous part of temporal bone A zone of bone organ forming a shallow depression near the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone on its anterosuperior surface. It lodges the trigeminal ganglion (Gasserian ganglion) within Meckel's cave and is covered by a fold of dura mater. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200281 tuberosity of fifth distal phalanx of hand A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, horseshoe-shaped ungual tuberosity at the distal end of the fifth distal phalanx, anchoring the fibrous septa of the fingertip pulp and providing support for the nail bed of the little finger. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004314 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200282 tuberosity of first distal phalanx of hand A skeletal element projection forming the broad, roughened ungual tuberosity at the distal end of the thumb's distal phalanx, providing attachment for the fibrous septa of the fingertip pulp and support for the nail plate. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004337 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200283 tuberosity of fourth distal phalanx of hand A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, horseshoe-shaped ungual tuberosity at the distal end of the fourth distal phalanx, anchoring the fibrous septa of the ring finger's pulp and supporting the overlying nail. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004313 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200284 tuberosity of second distal phalanx of hand A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, horseshoe-shaped ungual tuberosity at the distal end of the second distal phalanx, providing attachment for the fibrous septa of the index fingertip pulp and underlying support for the nail plate. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004311 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200285 tuberosity of third distal phalanx of hand A skeletal element projection forming the roughened, horseshoe-shaped ungual tuberosity at the distal end of the third distal phalanx, anchoring the fibrous septa of the middle fingertip pulp and providing structural support for the nail bed. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Phalanx_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0004312 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200286 tympanic caniliculus of petrous part of temporal bone A zone of bone organ forming a small canal in the floor of the jugular fossa of the petrous part of the temporal bone, transmitting the tympanic nerve (Jacobson's nerve), a branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), to the tympanic cavity where it contributes to the tympanic plexus. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200287 vertebra prominens of seventh cervical vertebra A zone of bone organ constituting the long, non-bifid spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), which projects further posteriorly than those of adjacent vertebrae and is readily palpable through the skin at the base of the neck, serving as a key clinical landmark. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0005913 UBERON:0004616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200288 vertebral arch of eighth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the eighth thoracic vertebra, consisting of pedicles and laminae that together with the body form the vertebral canal. The arch bears steeply inclined articular processes in the coronal plane, transverse processes with costal facets for rib 8, and a long spinous process directed sharply inferiorly. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0011050 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200289 vertebral arch of eleventh thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the eleventh thoracic vertebra, composed of pedicles and laminae that enclose the spinal canal at the lower thoracic transitional level. T11 has short, blunt transverse processes that typically lack costal facets; the articular processes show mixed thoracic and lumbar orientation, and the spinous process is shorter and more horizontally directed than at mid-thoracic levels. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004635 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200290 vertebral arch of fifth cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the fifth cervical vertebra (C5), composed of two pedicles and two laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen; it bears the bifid spinous process posteriorly and the superior and inferior articular processes laterally. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004614 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200291 vertebral arch of fifth lumbar vertebra A neural arch of the fifth lumbar vertebra, formed by the thickest, most robust pedicles of the lumbar column and broad laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen at the lumbosacral junction. Its transverse processes are large and pyramid-shaped, providing the origin of the strong iliolumbar ligaments that anchor L5 to the iliac crests. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004621 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200292 vertebral arch of fifth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the fifth thoracic vertebra, consisting of pedicles and laminae that together with the body enclose the spinal canal at mid-thoracic level. Its spinous process is long and steeply inclined inferiorly, and the transverse processes project posterolaterally bearing facets for the tubercle of rib 5. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004630 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200293 vertebral arch of first lumbar vertebra A neural arch of the first lumbar vertebra, consisting of paired pedicles and laminae that together with the vertebral body enclose the vertebral foramen and protect the upper lumbar spinal cord and cauda equina. The arch bears short, stout transverse processes directed laterally and a broad, horizontally projecting spinous process; it lies immediately below the thoracolumbar junction. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004617 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200294 vertebral arch of first thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the first thoracic vertebra, consisting of paired pedicles and laminae that together with the vertebral body enclose the vertebral foramen. It bears the transverse processes with costal facets, the superior and inferior articular processes, and a long inferiorly directed spinous process, providing attachment for deep back muscles and spinal ligaments. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004626 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200295 vertebral arch of fourth cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4), composed of two pedicles and two laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen; it bears a bifid spinous process posteriorly and the zygapophyseal articular processes laterally. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004613 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200296 vertebral arch of fourth lumbar vertebra A neural arch of the fourth lumbar vertebra, consisting of robust pedicles and wide laminae that form the vertebral foramen enclosing the cauda equina at the level where the iliac crests are typically palpated as a clinical landmark. Its broad, horizontal spinous process and lateral transverse processes serve as attachment sites for the iliolumbar ligament. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004620 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200297 vertebral arch of fourth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the fourth thoracic vertebra, composed of paired pedicles and laminae that unite at the spinous process. It bears the superior and inferior articular processes oriented in the coronal plane and the transverse processes with costal facets for rib 4, with a long spinous process that overlaps the level below. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004629 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200298 vertebral arch of ninth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the ninth thoracic vertebra, composed of pedicles and broad laminae enclosing the spinal canal in the lower thoracic region. The spinous process is long and inferiorly directed, and the transverse processes carry facets for the tubercle of rib 9, near the lower limit of the typical transverse costal facet series. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004633 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200299 vertebral arch of second cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the axis (C2), composed of two robust pedicles and two broad laminae; it bears the characteristically large bifid spinous process posteriorly and supports the superior articular processes that articulate with the atlas. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Axis_(anatomy) UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0001093 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200300 vertebral arch of second lumbar vertebra A neural arch of the second lumbar vertebra, formed by two short, broad pedicles and two wide, flat laminae that enclose the vertebral foramen at a level where the spinal cord typically terminates. Its stout transverse processes project laterally and slightly posteriorly, and its broad, horizontal spinous process gives attachment to the thoracolumbar fascia and erector spinae. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004618 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200301 vertebral arch of second thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the second thoracic vertebra, composed of paired pedicles projecting posterolaterally from the vertebral body and paired laminae uniting at the spinous process. The arch bears the articular processes and transverse processes with costal facets, and gives attachment to the ligamenta flava, interspinous ligaments, and deep back musculature. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004627 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200302 vertebral arch of seventh cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7), composed of two pedicles and two laminae; it bears the long non-bifid vertebra prominens spinous process posteriorly, marking the transition to the thoracic spine. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200303 vertebral arch of seventh thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the seventh thoracic vertebra, composed of pedicles and laminae that protect the spinal cord at the kyphotic apex. Its spinous process is among the most nearly horizontal of the thoracic series and is the longest, making T7 a key landmark; transverse processes carry distinct costal facets for rib 7. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004632 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200304 vertebral arch of sixth cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the sixth cervical vertebra (C6), composed of two pedicles and two laminae; it bears a bifid spinous process posteriorly and provides attachment for the semispinalis and multifidus muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004615 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200305 vertebral arch of sixth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the sixth thoracic vertebra, comprising paired pedicles and broad laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen. Located near the thoracic kyphotic apex, it bears a long, inferiorly inclined spinous process and transverse processes with costal facets that articulate with the tubercle of the sixth rib. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004631 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200306 vertebral arch of tenth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the tenth thoracic vertebra, consisting of pedicles and laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen at the lower thoracic level. T10 is transitional; its arch bears transverse processes that may have a small costal facet for rib 10 and articular processes that begin to reflect the approaching thoracolumbar morphology. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004634 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200307 vertebral arch of third cervical vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the third cervical vertebra (C3), composed of two pedicles and two laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen; it bears a small bifid spinous process posteriorly and the zygapophyseal articular processes laterally. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Cervical_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004612 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200308 vertebral arch of third lumbar vertebra A neural arch of the third lumbar vertebra, comprising paired pedicles and broad laminae enclosing the vertebral foramen at the mid-lumbar level within the cauda equina region. It bears the longest transverse processes of any lumbar vertebra, projecting laterally and providing extensive attachment for the psoas major and quadratus lumborum muscles. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Lumbar_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004619 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200309 vertebral arch of third thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the third thoracic vertebra, composed of short pedicles and broad laminae that enclose the vertebral foramen and protect the spinal cord. The arch carries the transverse processes bearing transverse costal facets and a long, steeply inclined spinous process characteristic of the mid-upper thoracic region. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004628 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200310 vertebral arch of twelfth thoracic vertebra A neural arch forming the posterior bony ring of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, composed of pedicles and laminae enclosing the spinal canal at the thoracolumbar junction. T12 is the most atypical thoracic vertebra; its arch bears mamillary and accessory processes resembling lumbar features, lacks transverse costal facets, and its inferior articular facets adopt the lumbar sagittal orientation. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Thoracic_vertebrae UBERON:0003861 UBERON:0004636 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200338 zygomatic process of squamous part of temporal bone A skeletal element projection extending anteriorly from the squamous part of the temporal bone to articulate with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone, completing the zygomatic arch. Its superior border gives attachment to the temporal fascia, and the masseter muscle attaches to its inferior surface. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Temporal_bone UBERON:4100000 UBERON:0001678 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 +http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_1200339 zygomaticofacial foramen of zygomatic bone A bone foramen situated on the anterolateral surface of the zygomatic bone, typically appearing as a single small opening lateral to the infraorbital margin; it transmits the zygomaticofacial nerve, a cutaneous branch of the zygomatic nerve (from CN V2), and accompanying blood vessels to supply the skin over the malar prominence of the cheek. https://fipat.library.dal.ca/ta2/|ISBN:9780323393225|Wikipedia:Zygomatic_bone UBERON:0005744 UBERON:0001683 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/core#added_by_HRA 2026-03-19T00:00:00Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_9606 From be907253c14e6681e8d856181685ec0ad72e68f8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Ugur Bayindir Date: Wed, 1 Apr 2026 12:02:10 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 5/5] Fix import ordering in uberon-edit file --- src/ontology/uberon-edit.obo | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/src/ontology/uberon-edit.obo b/src/ontology/uberon-edit.obo index 82263a8e9..4dc8aec17 100644 --- a/src/ontology/uberon-edit.obo +++ b/src/ontology/uberon-edit.obo @@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ treat-xrefs-as-is_a: VHOG remark: Aurelie Comte, Bill Bug, Catherine Leroy, Duncan Davidson and Trish Whetzel are also contributors. However their ORCIDs were not found. import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/disjoint_union_over.owl import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/hra_depiction_3d_images.owl -import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/hra_subset.owl import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/hra_skeleton.owl +import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/hra_subset.owl import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/in-subset.owl import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/mappings.owl import: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/components/vasculature_class.owl