diff --git a/core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/OpenTelemetryRumBuilder.java b/core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/OpenTelemetryRumBuilder.java
index 7aa4c9821..63eb3bf82 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/OpenTelemetryRumBuilder.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/OpenTelemetryRumBuilder.java
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
 import io.opentelemetry.android.internal.services.periodicwork.PeriodicWork;
 import io.opentelemetry.android.internal.session.SessionIdTimeoutHandler;
 import io.opentelemetry.android.internal.session.SessionManagerImpl;
+import io.opentelemetry.android.internal.session.SessionObservingSessionProvider;
+import io.opentelemetry.android.sampling.SessionIdRatioBasedSampler;
 import io.opentelemetry.android.session.SessionManager;
 import io.opentelemetry.android.session.SessionProvider;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.baggage.propagation.W3CBaggagePropagator;
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.SpanProcessor;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.BatchSpanProcessor;
 import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export.SpanExporter;
+import io.opentelemetry.sdk.trace.samplers.Sampler;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -111,6 +114,7 @@ public final class OpenTelemetryRumBuilder {
 
     @Nullable private ExportScheduleHandler exportScheduleHandler;
     @Nullable private SessionManager sessionManager;
+    private double sessionIdSamplingRatio = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
 
     private static TextMapPropagator buildDefaultPropagator() {
         return TextMapPropagator.composite(
@@ -301,6 +305,24 @@ public OpenTelemetryRumBuilder addLogRecordExporterCustomizer(
         return this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Enables a ratio-based probabilistic sampling of sessions. When a session is sampled
+     * (included), then the telemetry for that session will be created and exported. If a session is
+     * not sampled (excluded) then the telemetry for that session will not be exported.
+     *
+     * @param ratio - A number between 0 and 1, representing a percentage of sessions to sample.
+     */
+    public OpenTelemetryRumBuilder enableSessionBasedSampling(double ratio) {
+        if (ratio < 0.0 || ratio > 1.0) {
+            Log.e(
+                    RumConstants.OTEL_RUM_LOG_TAG,
+                    "Sampling ratio must be in range [0.0, 1.0], ignoring " + ratio);
+            return this;
+        }
+        sessionIdSamplingRatio = ratio;
+        return this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Creates a new instance of {@link OpenTelemetryRum} with the settings of this {@link
      * OpenTelemetryRumBuilder}.
@@ -325,6 +347,8 @@ public OpenTelemetryRum build() {
             sessionManager = SessionManagerImpl.create(timeoutHandler, config.getSessionConfig());
         }
 
+        configureSessionSampling();
+
         OpenTelemetrySdk sdk =
                 OpenTelemetrySdk.builder()
                         .setTracerProvider(
@@ -360,6 +384,30 @@ public OpenTelemetryRum build() {
         return delegate.build();
     }
 
+    private void configureSessionSampling() {
+        if ((sessionIdSamplingRatio < 0) || (sessionManager == null)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        SessionObservingSessionProvider observerAndProvider = new SessionObservingSessionProvider();
+        sessionManager.addObserver(observerAndProvider);
+
+        Sampler sampler = buildSampler(sessionIdSamplingRatio, observerAndProvider);
+        addTracerProviderCustomizer((builder, application) -> builder.setSampler(sampler));
+
+        // TODO: When there is a mechanism for sampling logs, we need to wire
+        // it up here...
+    }
+
+    private static Sampler buildSampler(double ratio, SessionProvider sessionProvider) {
+        if (ratio == 0.0) {
+            return Sampler.alwaysOff();
+        }
+        if (ratio == 1.0) {
+            return Sampler.alwaysOn();
+        }
+        return new SessionIdRatioBasedSampler(ratio, sessionProvider);
+    }
+
     private void initializeExporters(
             Services services,
             InitializationEvents initializationEvents,
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/internal/session/SessionObservingSessionProvider.kt b/core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/internal/session/SessionObservingSessionProvider.kt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96708b931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/internal/session/SessionObservingSessionProvider.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+package io.opentelemetry.android.internal.session
+
+import io.opentelemetry.android.session.Session
+import io.opentelemetry.android.session.SessionObserver
+import io.opentelemetry.android.session.SessionProvider
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference
+
+/**
+ * A SessionObserver that listens for session start events, stores the session,
+ * and is also a SessionProvider, that can return the session id.
+ */
+internal class SessionObservingSessionProvider :
+    SessionProvider,
+    SessionObserver {
+    private val session = AtomicReference<Session>(Session.NONE)
+
+    override fun getSessionId(): String = session.get().getId()
+
+    override fun onSessionStarted(
+        newSession: Session,
+        previousSession: Session,
+    ) = session.set(newSession)
+}
diff --git a/core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/SessionIdRatioBasedSampler.java b/core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/sampling/SessionIdRatioBasedSampler.java
similarity index 97%
rename from core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/SessionIdRatioBasedSampler.java
rename to core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/sampling/SessionIdRatioBasedSampler.java
index fe24469d2..6bc81121c 100644
--- a/core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/SessionIdRatioBasedSampler.java
+++ b/core/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/android/sampling/SessionIdRatioBasedSampler.java
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
-package io.opentelemetry.android;
+package io.opentelemetry.android.sampling;
 
 import io.opentelemetry.android.session.SessionProvider;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.common.Attributes;
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/android/SessionIdRatioBasedSamplerTest.java b/core/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/android/SessionIdRatioBasedSamplerTest.java
index bb774724d..4712905c5 100644
--- a/core/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/android/SessionIdRatioBasedSamplerTest.java
+++ b/core/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/android/SessionIdRatioBasedSamplerTest.java
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
+import io.opentelemetry.android.sampling.SessionIdRatioBasedSampler;
 import io.opentelemetry.android.session.SessionProvider;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.common.Attributes;
 import io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Span;
diff --git a/session/src/main/kotlin/io/opentelemetry/android/session/SessionObserver.kt b/session/src/main/kotlin/io/opentelemetry/android/session/SessionObserver.kt
index 35cccfe4b..6b19bf369 100644
--- a/session/src/main/kotlin/io/opentelemetry/android/session/SessionObserver.kt
+++ b/session/src/main/kotlin/io/opentelemetry/android/session/SessionObserver.kt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ interface SessionObserver {
     fun onSessionStarted(
         newSession: Session,
         previousSession: Session,
-    )
+    ) {}
 
-    fun onSessionEnded(session: Session)
+    fun onSessionEnded(session: Session) {}
 }