diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 60244311072..ec3cb15f512 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
   ([#5076](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/5076))
 - `opentelemetry-semantic-conventions`: use `X | Y` union annotation
   ([#5096](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/5096))
+- `opentelemetry-sdk`: Fix `ProcessResourceDetector` to use `sys.orig_argv` so that `process.command`, `process.command_line`, and `process.command_args` reflect the original invocation for `python -m <module>` runs (where `sys.argv[0]` is rewritten to the module path)
+  ([#5083](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/5083))
 
 
 ## Version 1.41.0/0.62b0 (2026-04-09)
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/resources/__init__.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/resources/__init__.py
index a04d27e9ab1..f8d1df68211 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/resources/__init__.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/resources/__init__.py
@@ -380,9 +380,16 @@ def detect(self) -> "Resource":
         _process_pid = os.getpid()
         _process_executable_name = sys.executable
         _process_executable_path = os.path.dirname(_process_executable_name)
-        _process_command = sys.argv[0]
-        _process_command_line = " ".join(sys.argv)
-        _process_command_args = sys.argv
+        # Use sys.orig_argv, which preserves the original arguments received
+        # by the interpreter. This correctly captures ``python -m <module>``
+        # invocations where sys.argv is rewritten to the resolved module path
+        # and the ``-m <module>`` information is lost. sys.orig_argv also
+        # aligns with /proc/<pid>/cmdline, which the OTel semantic
+        # conventions reference for these attributes.
+        _process_argv = list(sys.orig_argv)
+        _process_command = _process_argv[0] if _process_argv else ""
+        _process_command_line = " ".join(_process_argv)
+        _process_command_args = _process_argv
         resource_info = {
             PROCESS_RUNTIME_DESCRIPTION: sys.version,
             PROCESS_RUNTIME_NAME: sys.implementation.name,
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/resources/test_resources.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/resources/test_resources.py
index c083eff1460..38ec5c1a702 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/resources/test_resources.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/tests/resources/test_resources.py
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ def test_service_name_env_precedence(self):
         )
 
     @patch(
-        "sys.argv",
+        "sys.orig_argv",
         ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"],
     )
     def test_process_detector(self):
@@ -607,15 +607,39 @@ def test_process_detector(self):
             os.path.dirname(sys.executable),
         )
         self.assertEqual(
-            aggregated_resource.attributes[PROCESS_COMMAND], sys.argv[0]
+            aggregated_resource.attributes[PROCESS_COMMAND], sys.orig_argv[0]
         )
         self.assertEqual(
             aggregated_resource.attributes[PROCESS_COMMAND_LINE],
-            " ".join(sys.argv),
+            " ".join(sys.orig_argv),
         )
         self.assertEqual(
             aggregated_resource.attributes[PROCESS_COMMAND_ARGS],
-            tuple(sys.argv),
+            tuple(sys.orig_argv),
+        )
+
+    @patch("sys.orig_argv", ["/usr/bin/python", "-m", "myapp"])
+    def test_process_detector_uses_orig_argv_for_python_m(self):
+        """For ``python -m <module>`` invocations sys.argv[0] is rewritten to
+        the resolved module path, losing the ``-m <module>`` information.
+        sys.orig_argv preserves the original invocation and must be preferred.
+        See https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/issues/4518.
+        """
+        aggregated_resource = get_aggregated_resources(
+            [ProcessResourceDetector()], Resource({"foo": "bar"})
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(
+            aggregated_resource.attributes[PROCESS_COMMAND],
+            "/usr/bin/python",
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            aggregated_resource.attributes[PROCESS_COMMAND_LINE],
+            "/usr/bin/python -m myapp",
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            aggregated_resource.attributes[PROCESS_COMMAND_ARGS],
+            ("/usr/bin/python", "-m", "myapp"),
         )
 
     def test_resource_detector_entry_points_default(self):