docs: update README status table and remove deprecated crates

[cijothomas]

Update README to reflect recent changes:

• Move asterisk from status column to Logs-API component name where it belongs
• Add Metrics-Prometheus Exporter (Beta) to the status table
• Remove opentelemetry-jaeger-propagator and opentelemetry-zipkin from crate list (deprecated)
• Clean up stale link references
• Fix table column alignment

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 84.1%. Comparing base (5a07ce1) to head (b6b4d56).

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main   #3502   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   84.1%   84.1%           
=====================================
  Files        126     126           
  Lines      26720   26720           
=====================================
  Hits       22490   22490           
  Misses      4230    4230           

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