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## How and why did looping start?
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The development of commercial technology for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is very slow. In 2013 the T1D community founded the #WeAreNotWaiting movement. They developed systems themselves using existing approved technology (insulin pumps and sensors) to improve blood glucose control, safety, and quality of life. These are known as DIY (do-it-yourself) systems, because they are not formally approved by health bodies (FDA, NHS etc). There are four main DIY systems available: [OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/), **AAPS**, [Loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/#what-is-loop) and [Trio](https://triodocs.org).
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The development of commercial technology for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is very slow. In 2013 the T1D community founded the #WeAreNotWaiting movement. They developed systems themselves using existing approved technology (insulin pumps and sensors) to improve blood glucose control, safety, and quality of life. These are known as OS-AID (Open-Source Automated Insulin Dosing) systems (formerly DIY systems), because they are not formally approved by health bodies (FDA, NHS etc). There are four main DIY systems available: [OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/), **AAPS**, [Loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/#what-is-loop) and [Trio](https://triodocs.org).
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A great way to understand the fundamentals of DIY looping is to read Dana Lewis’s book “Automated Insulin Delivery”. You can access it [here](https://www.artificialpancreasbook.com/) for free (or buy a hardcopy of the book). If you want to understand more about [OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/), which **AAPS** has developed from, the [OpenAPS website](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/) is a great resource.
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Several commercial hybrid closed loop systems have been launched, the most recent of which are [CamAPS FX](https://camdiab.com/) (UK and EU) and [Omnipod 5](https://www.omnipod.com/en-gb/what-is-omnipod/omnipod-5) (USA and EU). These are very different to DIY systems, mainly because they both include a “learning algorithm” which adjusts how much insulin is delivered according to your insulin needs from previous days. Many people in the DIY community have already tried out these commercial systems and compared them with their DIY system. You can find out more about how the different systems compare by asking on the dedicated Facebook groups for these systems, on the [AAPS Facebook group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/AndroidAPSUsers/) or on [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/4fQUWHZ4Mw).
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Several commercial hybrid closed loop systems have been launched, the most recent of which are [CamAPS FX](https://camdiab.com/) (UK and EU) and [Omnipod 5](https://www.omnipod.com/en-gb/what-is-omnipod/omnipod-5) (USA and EU). These are very different to OS-AID systems, mainly because they both include a “learning algorithm” which adjusts how much insulin is delivered according to your insulin needs from previous days. Many people in the OS-AID community have already tried out these commercial systems and compared them with their OS-AID system. You can find out more about how the different systems compare by asking on the dedicated Facebook groups for these systems, on the [AAPS Facebook group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/AndroidAPSUsers/) or on [Discord](https://discord.com/invite/4fQUWHZ4Mw).
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## What is Android APS (AAPS)?
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| CGM |[Nightscout as BG Source](../CompatibleCgms/CgmNightscoutUpload.md)|||||
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_Table notes:_
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1. A **rig** is a small computer which you carry around with you, without a monitor. One supported device type is Intel Edison + Explorer Board and the other Raspberry Pi + Explorer HAT or Adafruit RFM69HCW Bonnet. The first APS were based on this setup, as mobile phones were not capable of running the required algorithms. Use of these systems has declined, as the setup on mobile phones has become easier, and phones have a display included. Intel has also stopped selling the Intel Edison. The excellent OpenAPS algorithms **oref0** and **oref1** are now incorporated in AAPS and iAPS.
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1. A **rig** is a small computer which you carry around with you, without a monitor. One supported device type is Intel Edison + Explorer Board and the other Raspberry Pi + Explorer HAT or Adafruit RFM69HCW Bonnet. The first APS were based on this setup, as mobile phones were not capable of running the required algorithms. Use of these systems has declined, as the setup on mobile phones has become easier, and phones have a display included. Intel has also stopped selling the Intel Edison. The excellent OpenAPS algorithms **oref0** and **oref1** are now incorporated in AAPS and Trio.
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An international peer-reviewed consensus statement containing practical guidance on open source looping was written by and for health-care professionals, and published in a leading medical journal in 2022: [_Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol_, 2022; 10: 58–74](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8720075/)(_1_). It is well worth a read (including for your diabetes clinic) and summarises the main technical differences between the different open-source hybrid closed loop systems.
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