Merge pull request #2614 from Undercliffe10/patch-49

Revise introduction and enhance AAPS explanation

Conflicts in Introduction.md resolved by keeping the PR's restructuring
(benefits list moved into the advantages section, duplicate section and
outdated smartwatch text removed) plus the newer wording already merged
to master via #2611/#2613, with minor typo fixes.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: psonnera

docs/EN/Getting-Started/Introduction.md

@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@ In the near future, some so-called "dual-hormone" systems will also have the abi
 
 An artificial pancreas can be thought of as an [“autopilot for your diabetes”](https://www.artificialpancreasbook.com/). What does that mean?
 
-In an aircraft, an autopilot does not do the complete job of the human pilot, the pilot cannot sleep through the entire flight. The autopilot aids the work of the pilot. It relieves them of the burden of permanently monitoring the aircraft, allowing the pilot to concentrate on wider monitoring from time to time. The autopilot receives signals from various sensors, a computer evaluates them together with the pilot’s specifications and then makes the necessary adjustments, alerting the pilot to any concerns. The pilot no longer has to worry about constantly making decisions.
+In an aircraft, an autopilot does not do the complete job of the human pilot, the pilot cannot sleep through the entire flight. The autopilot aids the work of the pilot. It relieves them of the burden of permanently managing the aircraft, allowing the pilot to concentrate on wider monitoring. The autopilot receives signals from various sensors, a computer evaluates the data together with the pilot’s specifications and then makes the necessary adjustments, alerting the pilot to any concerns. The pilot no longer has to worry about constantly making decisions and this analogy can be applied to **AAPS**.
 
 ![image](../images/autopilot.png)
 
 (Introduction-what-does-hybrid-closed-loop-mean)=
 ## What does hybrid closed loop mean?
 
-The best solution for type 1 diabetes would be a “functional cure” (probably an implant of pancreatic cells which are protected from the immune system). While we are waiting for that, a “full closed loop” artificial pancreas is probably the next best thing. This is a tech system that requires a reduced need for user input (like suspending insulin for predicted lows or providing addtional insulin for fast rise in **BG**), with good regulation of blood glucose levels. At the moment, there are no widely available systems which are “full” closed loop, they all need some user input. The currently available systems are called “hybrid” closed loop, because they use a combination of automated technology and user input. 
+The best solution for type 1 diabetes would be a “functional cure” (probably an implant of pancreatic cells which are protected from the immune system). While the type 1 diabetic (T1D) community waits for that, a “full closed loop” artificial pancreas is probably the next best thing. This is a tech system that requires a reduced need for user input (like suspending insulin for predicted lows or providing additional insulin for fast rise in **BG**), with good regulation of blood glucose levels. At the moment, there are no widely available systems which are “full” closed loop, they all need some user input. The currently available systems are called “hybrid” closed loop, because they use a combination of automated technology and user input. 
 
 ## How and why did looping start?
 
-The development of commercial technology for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is very slow. In 2013 the T1D community founded the #WeAreNotWaiting movement. They developed an open source solution themselves using existing approved technology (insulin pumps and sensors) to improve blood glucose control, safety, and quality of life. These are known as OS-AID (Open-Source Automated Insulin Dosing) systems (formerly DIY systems), because they are not formally approved by health bodies (FDA, NHS etc). There are four main DIY systems available: [OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/), **AAPS**, [Loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/#what-is-loop) and [Trio](https://triodocs.org). 
+The development of commercial technology for people with T1D is very slow. As a result, in 2013 the T1D community founded the #WeAreNotWaiting movement. They developed an open source solution themselves using existing approved technology (insulin pumps and sensors) to improve blood glucose control, safety, and quality of life. These are known as OS-AID (Open-Source Automated Insulin Dosing) systems (formerly DIY systems), because they are not formally approved by health bodies (FDA, NHS etc). There are four main DIY systems available: [OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/), **AAPS**, [Loop](https://loopkit.github.io/loopdocs/#what-is-loop) and [Trio](https://triodocs.org). 
 
 A great way to understand the fundamentals of DIY looping is to read Dana Lewis’s book “Automated Insulin Delivery”. You can access it [here](https://www.artificialpancreasbook.com/) for free (or buy a hardcopy of the book). If you want to understand more about [OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/), which **AAPS** has developed from, the [OpenAPS website](https://openaps.org/what-is-openaps/) is a great resource. 
 
@@ -37,23 +37,46 @@ Several commercial hybrid closed loop systems have been launched, the most recen
 
 **Figure 1**. Basic outline of the Android APS (Artificial Pancreas System), AAPS.
 
-Android APS (**AAPS**) is a hybrid closed loop system, or Artificial Pancreas System  (APS). It makes its insulin dosing calculations using established [OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/) algorithms (a set of rules) developed by the #WeAreNotWaiting type 1 diabetes community. 
+Android APS (**AAPS**) is a hybrid closed loop system, or Artificial Pancreas System  (APS). It makes its insulin dosing calculations using established [OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/) algorithms (a set of rules) developed by the #WeAreNotWaiting T1D community. 
 
 Since OpenAPS is only compatible with certain older insulin pumps, **AAPS** (which can be used with a wider range of insulin pumps) was developed in 2016 by Milos Kozak, for a family member with type 1 diabetes. Since those early days, **AAPS** has been continually developed and refined by a team of volunteer computer developers and other enthusiasts who have a connection to the type 1 diabetes world. Today, **AAPS** is used by approximately 20,000 people. It is a highly customisable and versatile system, and because it is open-source, it is also readily compatible with many other open-source diabetes software and platforms. The fundamental components of the current **AAPS** system are outlined in **Figure 1** above.
 
 
 
 ## What are the basic components of AAPS?
 
-The “brain” of **AAPS** is an **app** (or **apk**) which you build yourself with help from these notes. There are detailed step-by-step instructions for this. You then install the **AAPS apk** on a [compatible](../Getting-Started/Phones.md) **Android smartphone** (**1**). A number of users prefer their **AAPS** loop on a separate phone to their main phone to avoid battery drainge or bluetooth connection issues. So, you don’t necessarily have to be using an Android phone for everything else in your life, just for running your **AAPS**.  
+The “brain” of **AAPS** is an **app** (or **apk**) which you build yourself with help from these notes. There are detailed step-by-step instructions for this. You then install the **AAPS apk** on a [compatible](../Getting-Started/Phones.md) **Android smartphone** (**1**). A number of users prefer their **AAPS** loop on a separate phone to their main phone to avoid battery drain or bluetooth connection issues. So, you don’t necessarily have to be using an Android phone for everything else in your life, just for running your **AAPS**.  
 
 The **Android smartphone** will also need to have another **apk** installed on it as well as **AAPS**. This [additional app](../Getting-Started/CompatiblesCgms.md) receives glucose data from a sensor (**2**) by bluetooth, and then sends the data internally on the phone to the **AAPS app**. 
 
 The **AAPS app** uses a decision making process (**algorithm**) from OpenAPS. Beginners start out using the basic **oref0** algorithm, but it is possible to switch to using the newer **oref1** algorithm as you progress with **AAPS**. Which algorithm you use (oref0 or oref1), depends on which suits your specific situation best.  In both cases, the algorithm takes into account multiple factors, and performs rapid calculations every time a new reading comes in from the sensor. The algorithm then sends instructions to the insulin pump (**3**) on how much insulin to deliver by bluetooth. All the information can be sent by mobile data or wifi to the internet (**4**). This data can also be shared with followers if desired, and/or collected for analysis.
 
 ## What are the advantages of the AAPS system? 
 
-The OpenAPS algorithm used by **AAPS** controls blood sugar levels in the absence of user input, according to the users’ defined parameters (important ones being basal rates, insulin sensitivity factors, insulin-to-carb ratios, duration of insulin activity etc.), reacting every 5 minutes to the new sensor data. Some of the reported advantages of using **AAPS** are perosnalised fine-tunable options, **Automations** and increased transparency and visibility of the system for the patient/caregiver. This can result in better control over your (or your dependant’s) diabetes, which in turn may give improved quality of life and increased peace of mind.  
+The OpenAPS algorithm used by **AAPS** controls blood sugar levels in the absence of user input, according to the users’ defined parameters (important ones being basal rates, insulin sensitivity factors, insulin-to-carb ratios, duration of insulin activity etc.), reacting every 5 minutes to the new sensor data. 
+
+Some of the reported advantages of using **AAPS** are personalised fine-tunable options, **Automations** and increased transparency and visibility of the system for the patient/caregiver. This can result in better control over your (or your dependant’s) diabetes, which in turn may give improved quality of life and increased peace of mind.  
+
+With investment of your time, **AAPS** can potentially lead to:
+
+- alleviating the stress and burden of managing type 1 diabetes;
+  
+- reducing the multitude of mundane decisions that arise from type 1 diabetes;
+  
+- the provision of personalised and dynamic insulin dosing based on real-time data which can cut down the need for hypo treatments and reduce hyperglycemia episodes;
+  
+- an increased knowledge of insulin management and confidence to better fine tune your settings;
+  
+- the ability to create automatic settings (**automations**) that are tailored to fit in with your lifestyle;
+  
+- improved sleep quality and overall reduction in the frequency of nighttime interventions;
+  
+- remote monitoring and administration of insulin delivery for caregivers of type 1 diabetics; and
+  
+- streamlining of all your portable diabetic equipment (continuous glucose monitor receiver and insulin controlling devices) by using an Android phone controlled by **AAPS**. 
+  
+
+Ultimately, **AAPS** can empower individuals to better manage their diabetes, resulting in stable blood sugars and improved long term health outcomes.
 
 ### **Specific advantages include:** 
 
@@ -62,7 +85,7 @@ To read about the safety features of the algorithms, known as oref0 and oref1, [
 
 #### 2) **Hardware flexibility**
 
-**AAPS** works with a wide range of insulin pumps and sensors. So for example, if you develop an allergy to Dexcom sensor patch glue, you could switch to using a Libre sensor instead. That offers flexibility as life changes. You don't have to rebuild or reinstall the **AAPS** app, just tick a different box in the app to change your hardware. **AAPS** is independent of particular pump drivers and also contains a "virtual pump" so users can safely experiment before using it on themselves. 
+**AAPS** works with a wide range of insulin pumps and sensors and offers flexibility as life changes. So for example, if you develop an allergy to Dexcom sensor patch glue, you could switch to using a Libre sensor instead. Users don't have to rebuild or reinstall the **AAPS** app, just tick a different box in the app to change your hardware. **AAPS** is independent of particular pump drivers and also contains a "virtual pump" so users can safely experiment before using it on themselves. 
 
 #### 3) **Highly customisable, with wide parameters**
 
@@ -82,9 +105,9 @@ These are all examples, the full range of features gives huge flexibility for da
 There are multiple possible monitoring channels (Sugarmate, Dexcom Follow, xDrip+, Android Auto _etc._) which are useful for parents/carers and adults in certain scenarios (sleeping/driving) who need customisable alerts. In some apps (xDrip+) you can also turn alarms off totally, which is great if you have a new sensor “soaking” or settling down that you don’t want to loop with yet.
 
 #### 5) **Remote control** 
-A significant advantage of **AAPS** over commercial systems is that it is possible for followers, using authenticated text (SMS) commands or via an app ([Nightscout](https://nightscout.github.io/) or **AAPSClient**) to send a wide range of commands back to the **AAPS** system. This feature is used extensively by parents of type 1 kids diabetes who use **AAPS**. 
+A significant advantage of **AAPS** over commercial systems is that it is possible for followers, using authenticated text (SMS) commands or via an app ([Nightscout](https://nightscout.github.io/) or **AAPSClient**) to send a wide range of commands back to the **AAPS** system. This feature is used extensively by parents of kids with type 1 diabetes who use **AAPS**. 
 
-The remote control features can very useful. For example, in the playground, if you want to pre-bolus for a snack from your own phone, and your child is busy playing. It is possible to monitor **AAPS** (_e.g._ Fitbit), send basic commands (_e.g._ Samsung Galaxy watch 4), or even run the entire **AAPS** system from a high-spec smartwatch (**5**) (_e.g._ LEMFO). In this last scenario, you don’t need to use a phone to run **AAPS**. As battery life on watches improves and technology becomes more stable, this last option is likely to become increasingly attractive.
+The remote control features can be very useful. For example, in the playground, if you want to pre-bolus for a snack from your own phone, and your child is busy playing. It is possible to monitor **AAPS** (_e.g._ Fitbit) or send basic commands (_e.g._ Samsung Galaxy watch 4).
 
 #### 6) **No commercial constraints, due to open application interfaces**
 Beyond the use of an open-source approach, which allows the source code of **AAPS** to be viewed at any time, the general principle of providing open programming interfaces gives other developers the opportunity to contribute new ideas too. **AAPS** is closely integrated with Nightscout. This accelerates development and allows users to add on features to make life with diabetes even more convenient. Good examples for such integrations are [Nightscout](https://nightscout.github.io/), [Nightscout Reporter](https://nightscout-reporter.zreptil.de/), xDrip+, [M5 stack](https://github.com/mlukasek/M5_NightscoutMon/wiki) etc. There is ongoing dialogue between open-source developers and those developing commercial systems. Many of the DIY innovations are gradually adopted by commercial systems, where developments are understandably slower, partly because interfaces between systems from different companies (pumps, apps, sensors _etc_) need to be carefully negotiated and licenced. This can also slow innovations which are convenient for the patient (or a small sub-population of patients, who have a very specific requirement) but do not generate any sizable profit. 
@@ -360,27 +383,5 @@ Done, just close the window! The screen reader should work now.
 
 
 
-## What benefits can I get from AAPS?
-
-With investment of your time, **AAPS** can potentially lead to:
-
-- alleviating the stress and burden of managing type 1 diabetes;
-  
-- reducing the multitude of mundane decisions that arise from type 1 diabetes;
-  
-- the provision of personalised and dynamic insulin dosing based on real-time data which can cut down the need for hypo treatments and reduce hyperglycemia episodes;
-  
-- an increased knowledge of insulin management and confidence to better fine tune your settings;
-  
-- the ability to create automatic settings (**automations**) that are tailored to fit in with your lifestyle;
-  
-- improved sleep quality and overall reduction in the frequency of nighttime interventions;
-  
-- remote monitoring and administration of insulin delivery for caregivers of type 1 diabetics; and
-  
-- streamlining of all your portable diabetic equipment (continuous glucose monitor receiver and insulin controlling devices) by using an Android phone controlled by **AAPS**. 
-  
-
-Ultimately, **AAPS** can empower individuals to better manage their diabetes, resulting in stable blood sugars and improved long term health outcomes.
 
 Interested in how to get started with setting up AAPS? Take a look at the [preparing](../Getting-Started/PreparingForAaps.md) section.