Register LENGTH, REGEXP_REPLACE, DATE_TRUNC in unified function spec (#5419)

* feat(api): Register LENGTH, REGEXP_REPLACE, DATE_TRUNC in operator table

Add FunctionSpecBuilder DSL with three construction paths: delegateTo()
for existing Calcite operators, vararg() for pushdown-only UDFs, and
operands() for typed functions with optional late-binding impl.

Register LENGTH, REGEXP_REPLACE, and DATE_TRUNC in UnifiedFunctionSpec
LIBRARY category. Contribute via CoreExtension registered in
UnifiedSqlSpec.extended().

This unblocks ClickBench q28 (LENGTH), q29 (REGEXP_REPLACE), and q43
(DATE_TRUNC) at the SQL Plugin parsing/validation layer.

Signed-off-by: Chen Dai <daichen@amazon.com>

* feat(api): Add pre-compilation rule for late-binding function impl

Add preCompilationRules() extension point to LanguageSpec that allows
extensions to transform the logical plan before in-memory execution
only. The plan remains clean for external consumers (Analytics Engine).

CoreExtension registers FunctionImplBindingRule which fetches impl
bindings from UnifiedFunctionSpec and rewrites custom function calls
into executable Calcite expressions at compilation time.

DATE_TRUNC now has an impl that rewrites to FLOOR(ts TO unit), making
it executable in-memory while preserving DATE_TRUNC in the logical plan
for the Analytics Engine path.

Signed-off-by: Chen Dai <daichen@amazon.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Chen Dai <daichen@amazon.com>

Author: dai-chen

api/src/main/java/org/opensearch/sql/api/compiler/UnifiedQueryCompiler.java

@@ -55,6 +55,11 @@ public PreparedStatement compile(@NonNull RelNode plan) {
   }
 
   private PreparedStatement doCompile(RelNode plan) throws Exception {
+    // Apply pre-compilation rules (e.g., late-binding function impl)
+    for (var rule : context.getLangSpec().preCompilationRules()) {
+      plan = plan.accept(rule);
+    }
+
     // Apply shuttle to convert LogicalTableScan to BindableTableScan
     final RelHomogeneousShuttle shuttle =
         new RelHomogeneousShuttle() {

api/src/main/java/org/opensearch/sql/api/spec/FunctionSpecBuilder.java

@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright OpenSearch Contributors
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.sql.api.spec;
+
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
+import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
+import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelDataType;
+import org.apache.calcite.rel.type.RelDataTypeFactory;
+import org.apache.calcite.rex.RexBuilder;
+import org.apache.calcite.rex.RexCall;
+import org.apache.calcite.rex.RexNode;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlCallBinding;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlFunction;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlFunctionCategory;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlIdentifier;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlKind;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlOperandCountRange;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.SqlOperator;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.parser.SqlParserPos;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.type.InferTypes;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.type.OperandTypes;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.type.SqlOperandCountRanges;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.type.SqlOperandMetadata;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.type.SqlReturnTypeInference;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.type.SqlTypeFamily;
+import org.apache.calcite.sql.validate.SqlUserDefinedFunction;
+
+/** Fluent DSL for building {@link UnifiedFunctionSpec} instances. */
+@RequiredArgsConstructor
+class FunctionSpecBuilder {
+  /** Function name to register. */
+  private final String name;
+
+  /**
+   * Wraps an existing Calcite operator, preserving its native type system and RexImpTable
+   * implementation for in-memory execution.
+   *
+   * @param op the Calcite operator to delegate to
+   * @return a builder that produces the spec on {@code build()}
+   */
+  DelegateFunctionBuilder delegateTo(SqlOperator op) {
+    return new DelegateFunctionBuilder(name, op);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds a pushdown-only UDF with relaxed type checking. The resulting function has no local
+   * implementation and delegates execution to the data source via pushdown.
+   *
+   * @param paramNames required parameter names for signature display
+   * @return a builder that produces the spec on {@code build()}
+   */
+  CatalogFunctionBuilder vararg(String... paramNames) {
+    return new CatalogFunctionBuilder(name, List.of(paramNames));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Builds a typed SqlFunction with strict operand type checking. Optionally accepts a late-binding
+   * {@code impl} that rewrites the function into executable Calcite expressions at compilation
+   * time.
+   *
+   * @param families operand type families for validation
+   * @return a builder that produces the spec on {@code build()}
+   */
+  DefaultFunctionBuilder operands(SqlTypeFamily... families) {
+    return new DefaultFunctionBuilder(name, families);
+  }
+
+  @RequiredArgsConstructor
+  static class DefaultFunctionBuilder {
+    private final String name;
+    private final SqlTypeFamily[] operandFamilies;
+    private SqlReturnTypeInference returnType;
+    private SqlFunctionCategory category = SqlFunctionCategory.USER_DEFINED_FUNCTION;
+    private @Nullable BiFunction<RexBuilder, RexCall, RexNode> impl;
+
+    DefaultFunctionBuilder returns(SqlReturnTypeInference type) {
+      this.returnType = type;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    DefaultFunctionBuilder category(SqlFunctionCategory cat) {
+      this.category = cat;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defines how this function executes by rewriting to existing Calcite operators. Applied only
+     * at compilation time (late binding) — the logical plan preserves the original function call.
+     *
+     * @param impl rewrite function that converts this call into executable RexNodes
+     * @return this builder
+     */
+    DefaultFunctionBuilder impl(BiFunction<RexBuilder, RexCall, RexNode> impl) {
+      this.impl = impl;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    UnifiedFunctionSpec build() {
+      Objects.requireNonNull(returnType, "returns() is required");
+      SqlFunction op =
+          new SqlFunction(
+              name.toUpperCase(),
+              SqlKind.OTHER_FUNCTION,
+              returnType,
+              null,
+              OperandTypes.family(operandFamilies),
+              category);
+      return new UnifiedFunctionSpec(name.toLowerCase(), op, impl);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @RequiredArgsConstructor
+  static class DelegateFunctionBuilder {
+    private final String name;
+    private final SqlOperator operator;
+
+    UnifiedFunctionSpec build() {
+      return new UnifiedFunctionSpec(name.toLowerCase(), operator, null);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @RequiredArgsConstructor
+  static class CatalogFunctionBuilder {
+    private final String name;
+    private final List<String> paramNames;
+    private SqlReturnTypeInference returnType;
+
+    CatalogFunctionBuilder returnType(SqlReturnTypeInference type) {
+      this.returnType = type;
+      return this;
+    }
+
+    UnifiedFunctionSpec build() {
+      Objects.requireNonNull(returnType, "returnType is required");
+      return new UnifiedFunctionSpec(
+          name,
+          new SqlUserDefinedFunction(
+              new SqlIdentifier(name, SqlParserPos.ZERO),
+              SqlKind.OTHER_FUNCTION,
+              returnType,
+              InferTypes.ANY_NULLABLE,
+              new VariadicOperandMetadata(paramNames),
+              List::of), // Pushdown-only: no local implementation
+          null);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Custom operand metadata that bypasses Calcite's built-in type checking. Calcite's {@code
+   * FamilyOperandTypeChecker} rejects variadic calls (CALCITE-5366), so this implementation accepts
+   * any operand types and delegates validation to pushdown.
+   */
+  record VariadicOperandMetadata(List<String> paramNames) implements SqlOperandMetadata {
+
+    @Override
+    public List<String> paramNames() {
+      return paramNames;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public List<RelDataType> paramTypes(RelDataTypeFactory tf) {
+      return List.of();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean checkOperandTypes(SqlCallBinding binding, boolean throwOnFailure) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SqlOperandCountRange getOperandCountRange() {
+      return SqlOperandCountRanges.from(paramNames.size());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getAllowedSignatures(SqlOperator op, String opName) {
+      return opName + "(" + String.join(", ", paramNames) + "[, option=value ...])";
+    }
+  }
+}

api/src/main/java/org/opensearch/sql/api/spec/LanguageSpec.java

@@ -57,6 +57,15 @@ default List<SqlVisitor<SqlNode>> postParseRules() {
     default List<RelShuttle> postAnalysisRules() {
       return List.of();
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Pre-compilation rules applied only before in-memory execution. Each rule transforms the
+     * logical plan (e.g., binding function implementations). Not applied when the plan is consumed
+     * by external engines.
+     */
+    default List<RelShuttle> preCompilationRules() {
+      return List.of();
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -104,4 +113,12 @@ default List<SqlVisitor<SqlNode>> postParseRules() {
   default List<RelShuttle> postAnalysisRules() {
     return extensions().stream().flatMap(ext -> ext.postAnalysisRules().stream()).toList();
   }
+
+  /**
+   * All pre-compilation rules from registered extensions, flattened in registration order. Applied
+   * only before in-memory execution.
+   */
+  default List<RelShuttle> preCompilationRules() {
+    return extensions().stream().flatMap(ext -> ext.preCompilationRules().stream()).toList();
+  }
 }