Greenhouse Control System

MATLAB and Simulink implementation of a linear greenhouse control system using continuous and discrete mathematical models, PID control, relay logic, and sustainability analysis.

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Simulink Model

The project includes a Simulink implementation of the greenhouse system in addition to the MATLAB implementation.

The Simulink model represents the greenhouse dynamics graphically and can be used for system visualization and validation.

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Project Overview

This project presents a simplified smart greenhouse control system developed in MATLAB and Simulink.

The greenhouse is modeled using five state variables:

• Temperature
• Air Humidity
• Soil Moisture
• CO₂ Concentration
• Plant Biomass

The objective is to simulate greenhouse dynamics, design automatic controllers, and evaluate sustainability through water and energy management.

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Project Objectives

• Develop a mathematical greenhouse model
• Simulate continuous-time dynamics
• Implement discrete-time simulation
• Compare Euler and ODE45 methods
• Design PID controllers
• Implement relay controllers
• Control irrigation and ventilation
• Analyze water consumption
• Analyze energy consumption
• Evaluate greenhouse sustainability

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Project Parts

Part 1 – Continuous Greenhouse Model

Continuous-time simulation of the greenhouse using MATLAB ODE45.

Files:

• init.m
• greenhouse_ode.m
• run_part1_continuous.m

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Part 2 – Discrete-Time Simulation

Implementation of the Forward Euler method and comparison with the continuous model.

Files:

• greenhouse_step_euler.m
• run_part2_discrete.m

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Part 3 – Closed-loop Control

Automatic greenhouse control using PID and Relay controllers.

Controllers:

• PID Temperature Control
• PID Humidity Control
• PID CO₂ Control
• Relay Irrigation Control
• Relay Ventilation Control

Files:

• init_part3.m
• pid_step.m
• relay_hyst.m
• greenhouse_ode_part3.m
• run_part3_control.m

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Part 4 – Sustainability Analysis

Evaluation of greenhouse sustainability under different rainfall scenarios.

The analysis includes:

• Rainwater harvesting
• Water consumption
• Freshwater usage
• Energy consumption
• Biomass production
• Energy efficiency

Files:

• init_part4.m
• simulate_part4.m
• run_part4_scenarios.m

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Features

• MATLAB implementation
• Simulink implementation
• Continuous greenhouse model
• Discrete greenhouse model
• ODE45 simulation
• Forward Euler method
• PID control
• Relay control with hysteresis
• Automatic irrigation
• Automatic ventilation
• Rainwater harvesting
• Water consumption analysis
• Energy consumption analysis
• Biomass growth simulation
• Sustainability evaluation

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Repository Structure

File	Description
greenhouse_sim.slx	Simulink greenhouse model
init.m	Greenhouse model parameters
greenhouse_ode.m	Continuous mathematical model
greenhouse_step_euler.m	Euler discretization
run_part1_continuous.m	Continuous simulation
run_part2_discrete.m	Continuous vs discrete comparison
init_part3.m	Control parameters
pid_step.m	PID controller
relay_hyst.m	Relay controller
greenhouse_ode_part3.m	Controlled greenhouse model
run_part3_control.m	Closed-loop simulation
init_part4.m	Sustainability parameters
simulate_part4.m	Water and energy calculations
run_part4_scenarios.m	Sustainability scenario analysis

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Results

Part 1 – Continuous Greenhouse Model

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Part 2 – Continuous vs Euler Simulation

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Part 3 – Closed-loop PID Control

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Part 4 – Sustainability Analysis

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Software

• MATLAB R2025b
• Simulink

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Topics Covered

• Greenhouse Control
• Dynamic System Modeling
• PID Control
• Relay Control
• Continuous-Time Systems
• Discrete-Time Systems
• Numerical Simulation
• ODE45
• Forward Euler Method
• Smart Agriculture
• Water Management
• Energy Analysis
• Sustainability

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Author

Pardis Eshghinejad

Master's Student in Computer Engineering (Artificial Intelligence)

University of Genoa