Fix TypeError dead catch false positive when assigning mixed to typed property

- Changed property assignment TypeError throw point check from accepts() to isSuperTypeOf() using native types
- MixedType::isAcceptedBy() always returns yes, causing accepts() to miss that mixed-to-int can throw TypeError
- Using isSuperTypeOf() on native types correctly identifies mixed as not guaranteed to be compatible
- Widened property type check to include int when property type contains float, preserving PHP's int-to-float coercion
- Added regression test with final classes to verify behavior independent of property hooks

Closes phpstan/phpstan#9146

Author: phpstan-bot

src/Analyser/NodeScopeResolver.php

@@ -6366,8 +6366,14 @@ private function processAssignVar(
 				$declaringClass = $propertyReflection->getDeclaringClass();
 				if ($declaringClass->hasNativeProperty($propertyName)) {
 					$nativeProperty = $declaringClass->getNativeProperty($propertyName);
+					$propertyNativeType = $nativeProperty->getNativeType();
+					$assignedNativeType = $scope->getNativeType($assignedExpr);
+					// Widen property type to accept int for float properties (PHP allows int-to-float coercion)
+					$propertyNativeTypeForCheck = !$propertyNativeType->isFloat()->no()
+						? TypeCombinator::union($propertyNativeType, new IntegerType())
+						: $propertyNativeType;
 					if (
-						!$nativeProperty->getNativeType()->accepts($assignedExprType, true)->yes()
+						!$propertyNativeTypeForCheck->isSuperTypeOf($assignedNativeType)->yes()
 					) {
 						$throwPoints[] = InternalThrowPoint::createExplicit($scope, new ObjectType(TypeError::class), $assignedExpr, false);
 					}

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/CatchWithUnthrownExceptionRuleTest.php

@@ -643,4 +643,9 @@ public function testPropertyHooks(): void
 		]);
 	}
 
+	public function testBug9146(): void
+	{
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-9146.php'], []);
+	}
+
 }

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/bug-9146.php

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace Bug9146;
+
+final class HelloWorld
+{
+	public int $number;
+	public function __construct(mixed $number)
+	{
+		try {
+			$this->number = $number;
+		} catch (\TypeError $e) {
+			throw new \UnexpectedValueException();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+final class HelloWorld2
+{
+	public string $name;
+	public function setName(mixed $value): void
+	{
+		try {
+			$this->name = $value;
+		} catch (\TypeError $e) {
+			throw new \InvalidArgumentException('Expected string');
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+final class HelloWorld3
+{
+	public float $amount;
+	public function setAmount(mixed $value): void
+	{
+		try {
+			$this->amount = $value;
+		} catch (\TypeError $e) {
+			echo "caught";
+		}
+	}
+}