Add regression test for #11984

Closes phpstan/phpstan#11984

Author: phpstan-bot

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/DefinedVariableRuleTest.php

@@ -1267,4 +1267,14 @@ public function testBug9023(): void
 		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-9023.php'], []);
 	}
 
+	public function testBug11984(): void
+	{
+		$this->cliArgumentsVariablesRegistered = true;
+		$this->polluteScopeWithLoopInitialAssignments = false;
+		$this->checkMaybeUndefinedVariables = true;
+		$this->polluteScopeWithAlwaysIterableForeach = true;
+
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-11984.php'], []);
+	}
+
 }

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Variables/data/bug-11984.php

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace Bug11984;
+
+class Foo
+{
+	/**
+	 * @return array<string, mixed>
+	 */
+	public function loadFromFile(): array
+	{
+		return ['x' => 1];
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @return array<string, mixed>
+	 */
+	public function test(): array
+	{
+		while (true) {
+			try {
+				$data = $this->loadFromFile();
+
+				break;
+			} catch (\Exception $ex) {
+			}
+		}
+
+		return $data;
+	}
+}