Fix dead catch false positive for dynamic class constant fetch

- Added implicit throw point for ClassConstFetch with dynamic name ($expr->name instanceof Expr)
- Dynamic class constant fetches like Foo::{$name} can throw \Error when the constant doesn't exist
- New regression test in tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/bug-13569.php

Closes phpstan/phpstan#13569

Author: github-actions[bot]

src/Analyser/NodeScopeResolver.php

@@ -3877,6 +3877,7 @@ function (MutatingScope $scope) use ($stmt, $expr, $nodeCallback, $context, $sto
 				$scope = $result->getScope();
 				$hasYield = $hasYield || $result->hasYield();
 				$throwPoints = array_merge($throwPoints, $result->getThrowPoints());
+				$throwPoints[] = InternalThrowPoint::createImplicit($scope, $expr);
 				$impurePoints = array_merge($impurePoints, $result->getImpurePoints());
 				$isAlwaysTerminating = $isAlwaysTerminating || $result->isAlwaysTerminating();
 			} else {

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/CatchWithUnthrownExceptionRuleTest.php

@@ -667,6 +667,11 @@ public function testBug9146(): void
 		]);
 	}
 
+	public function testBug13569(): void
+	{
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-13569.php'], []);
+	}
+
 	public function testBug9146NonStrict(): void
 	{
 		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-9146-non-strict.php'], [

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/bug-13569.php

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php // lint >= 8.1
+
+declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace Bug13569;
+
+enum ReactionType: string
+{
+    case EMOJI_HEART = '❤️';
+
+	public static function tryFromName(string $name): ?self
+    {
+        try {
+            return ReactionType::{$name};
+        } catch (\Error) {
+            return null;
+        }
+    }
+}