Add tests for @throws Exception and @throws void on string cast

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: phpstan-bot

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/CatchWithUnthrownExceptionRuleTest.php

@@ -739,7 +739,11 @@ public function testBug13806(): void
 		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-13806.php'], [
 			[
 				'Dead catch - Throwable is never thrown in the try block.',
-				28,
+				53,
+			],
+			[
+				'Dead catch - Throwable is never thrown in the try block.',
+				64,
 			],
 		]);
 	}

tests/PHPStan/Rules/Exceptions/data/bug-13806.php

@@ -22,6 +22,42 @@ public function __toString() {
 
 castToString(new MyString());
 
+class ThrowsException {
+	/** @throws \Exception */
+	public function __toString(): string {
+		throw new \Exception();
+	}
+}
+
+function castThrowsException(ThrowsException $variable): string {
+	try {
+		$value = (string) $variable;
+	} catch(\Throwable) {
+		var_dump("Error thrown during string-conversion!");
+		$value = '';
+	}
+
+	return $value;
+}
+
+class ThrowsVoid {
+	/** @throws void */
+	public function __toString(): string {
+		return 'hello';
+	}
+}
+
+function castThrowsVoid(ThrowsVoid $variable): string {
+	try {
+		$value = (string) $variable;
+	} catch(\Throwable) {
+		var_dump("Error thrown during string-conversion!");
+		$value = '';
+	}
+
+	return $value;
+}
+
 function castIntToString(int $variable): string {
 	try {
 		$value = (string) $variable;